缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块和狭窄的超声研究

目的观察缺血性脑血管病患者的颈动脉斑块性质、分布特点及狭窄情况,探讨颈动脉斑块和狭窄的分布规律。方法缺血性脑血管病患者340例,行颈部血管超声检查.其中短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者105例(TIA组),脑梗死患者235例(脑梗死组);又根据年龄分为青年组(54例),中年组(137例)和老年组(149例)。结果随年龄增加,缺血性脑血管病患者危险因素:高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、吸烟、家族史显著增加(P<0.01)。脑梗死组颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显高于TIA组(P<0.01);70%～99%血管狭窄斑块发生率高于50%～69%血管狭窄和<50%血管狭窄(P<0.01);老年组斑块发生率、颈动脉狭窄的发生率高于中年组及青年组(P<0.01)。结论超声检查显示不稳定斑块与缺血性脑血管病的关系更为密切,导致颈动脉狭窄的斑块中,以软斑块和混合性斑块多见。超声检查可以用于颈动脉狭窄患者的诊断及监测。     

颈动脉易损斑块患者缺血性脑血管事件的随访研究

目的应用MRI对颈动脉斑块进行评价,研究斑块成分及危险因素与随后发生的缺血性脑血管事件之间的关系。方法经超声检查证实颈动脉狭窄率≥50%患者100例,并进行颈动脉MRI检查,分析斑块成分,随访观察是否发生缺血性脑血管事件。结果平均随访时间(12.8±4.6)个月,失访5例,共有12人次发生目标颈动脉供血区的缺血性脑血管事件。COX回归分析显示,斑块性质与随后发生的缺血性脑血管事件相关:薄的斑块纤维帽或破裂的斑块纤维帽与随后发生的缺血性脑血管事件相关,合并冠心病患者随后发生缺血性脑血管事件的风险高于无冠心病患者。结论斑块纤维帽形态及冠心病是预测缺血性脑血管事件的危险因素。     

联合应用磁共振弥散加权成像和T_2加权成像在老年脑血管病急性发病中的价值

目的探讨老年脑血管病急性发病MRI一站式诊断可行性以及MRI弥散加权成像(DWI)和T_2*WI联合应用对老年脑血管病急性发病的价值。方法选取老年脑血管病急性发病患者337例的CT和MRI影像,对比CT和MRI对脑梗死、脑出血、动脉瘤和脑小血管病(脑微出血、腔隙性脑梗死灶和脱髓鞘变性)显示;对比MRI各扫描序列对病灶的显示,包括常规序列、DWI和T_2*WI。结果 337例脑血管病急性发病患者行CT检查208例,MRI检查314例;急性脑梗死患者236例,CT示颅内出血76例;CT与MRI对于急性脑梗死的显示,差异有统计学意义(17.8%vs 75.2%,P<0.01),CT不能显示脑干的急性梗死灶;CT对于脑小血管病的显示明显低于MRI,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CT不能显示脑微出血。MRI常规序列与DWI对于急性脑梗死的显示比较,差异有统计学意义(5.2%vs 100.0%,P<0.01);脑出血灶各序列显示,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);MRI各序列对脑微出血T_2*WI显示病灶715个(100.0%),DWI显示635个(88.8%),常规序列图像少部分微出血灶信号异常,但是不能定性诊断。结论 MRI在老年脑血管病急性发病危重症患者除外诊断中一站式诊断可行,联合应用DWI和T_2*WI对老年脑血管病急性发病显示良好。     

颈动脉粥样硬化患者磁共振成像分析对颈动脉支架置入术的指导价值及与超声的对比

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化患者磁共振成像(MRI)分析对颈动脉支架置入术的指导价值及与超声的对比结果。方法回顾性分析72例(142支血管)因颈动脉粥样硬化而接受介入治疗患者术前超声、MRI及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果,比较MRI和超声对颈动脉管腔狭窄的诊断能力。结果 72例颈动脉粥样硬化患者中,有142支颈动脉存在不同程度的狭窄。其中轻度狭窄的血管83支,中度狭窄的血管24支,重度狭窄35支。斑块内脂质成分图像显示:可见大范围的T1WI、T2WI等信号,PDWI等级稍高的信号区,在TOF和MP-RAGE尚未显示异常高信号,增强后无强化。纤维帽图像显示:完整的纤维帽在TOF上表现为光滑的暗带,在CE-T1WI上表现为光滑的弧形高信号。斑块内出血图像显示:T1WI、TOF及MP-RAGE上表现为高信号,其中MP-RAGE更明显。斑块溃疡图像显示:TOF和CE-T1WI上显示纤维帽不连续,明显纤维帽破溃并与管腔相通形成溃疡。斑块钙化:各扫描系列均表现为低信号。MRI与DSA检测结果相比较,MRI的灵敏度为93.33%,特异度为92.68%,kappa值为0.839;超声与DSA检测结果相比较,超声的灵敏度为90.00%,特异度为93.90%,kappa值为0.802;MRI检测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块数明显高于超声检测结果(P0.05)。结论高分辨的MRI相对超声而言,准确识别和量化分析斑块内各种成分,准确评估斑块的稳定性,为支架置入术前判断斑块稳定性及确定手术时机提供参考。     

影像学检查对缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的研究

目的采用双源CT血管造影(CTA)和高分辨MRI,探讨缺血性脑血管病患者颈总动脉分叉处粥样硬化斑块的性质、成分和动脉管腔狭窄程度与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法选择缺血性脑血管病患者40例,经颈部CTA检测出颈总动脉分叉处粥样硬化斑块并伴管腔狭窄,再接受MRI扫描;分析颈动脉粥样斑块的性质、成分及管腔狭窄程度。结果 40例患者中,CTA检出斑块61个,其中混合性斑块31个;钙化性斑块18个;软斑块12个。高血压30例,检出斑块49个;无高血压10例,检出斑块12个。MRI检出斑块61个,其中Ⅲ型14个;Ⅳ～Ⅴ型23个,Ⅵ型6个;Ⅶ型18个。斑块内溃疡6例;颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造成同侧急性脑梗死14例,双侧颈动脉斑块造成双侧脑梗死10例,一侧颈动脉检出粥样斑块而对侧发生脑梗死2例。结论缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块主要以混合性斑块为主,双侧好发;高血压患者斑块发生率高于无高血压患者;颈动脉粥样硬化斑块造成同侧脑梗死发生率较高。     

PROCR基因多态性与颈动脉斑块纤维帽变薄或破损相关性

目的研究PROCR基因多态性位点rs867186与中国人群缺血性脑卒中患者颈动脉斑块纤维帽厚薄及完整性的关系。方法前瞻性纳入本院收治的缺血性脑卒中患者,采集人口统计学资料及脑卒中风险因素等临床信息,颈动脉高分辨磁共振(MRI)判断颈动脉粥样硬化斑块纤维帽厚薄,依据纤维帽厚度及完整程度对纳入患者进行分组。利用Real-time PCR方法,使用Taq Man探针对厚/完整型纤维帽组及薄/破损型纤维帽组患者PROCR基因多态性位点rs867186进行基因分型。结果本研究共纳入176例缺血性脑卒中患者,其中95例颈动脉斑块具有厚/完整型纤维帽,81例具有薄/破损型纤维帽。对两组患者PROCR基因rs867186位点多态性分析显示,等位基因A是形成薄/破损型纤维帽斑块的风险因素(OR=2. 89,95%CI:1. 03～8. 06,P=0. 04),其基因频率在厚/完整型纤维帽组和薄/破损型纤维帽组中分别为91. 58%和96. 91%。结论 PROCR基因多态性位点rs867186与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块纤维帽变薄/破损相关。     

B超与高分辨MRI诊断颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的价值

目的 探讨B超与高分辨MRI在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块诊断中的效果.方法 分析该院收治的临床拟诊颈动脉粥样硬化患者32例,比较B超与高分辨MRI的诊断价值.结果 高分辨MRI检出斑块数明显高于B超(P＜0.05);斑块特征中纤维帽破裂、纤维帽形态、斑块内是否出血或血栓与是否发生临床事件具有显著相关性.结论 B超与高分辨MRI均能准确评估管腔狭窄,但是MRI能够准确分析斑块的成分、形态,有效评估斑块的稳定性.     

老年颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者磁共振检查结果与临床症状的相关性

目的探讨老年颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者的磁共振成像(MRI)与临床症状的相关性。方法颈动脉粥样硬化斑块老年患者75例根据有无脑缺血症状分为症状组(观察组)和非症状组(对照组)。MRI检查比较两组管腔厚度、狭窄程度及斑块的成分。结果 MRI与彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)两者诊断颈动脉粥样硬化斑块结果具有高度一致性;观察组管腔狭窄程度、管壁平均厚度均大于对照组(P0.05);观察组斑块脂质核心、斑块出血、斑块纤维帽破溃的比例均大于对照组(P0.05);管壁平均厚度、纤维帽破溃是颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者产生临床症状的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论通过MRI对老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者的管壁情况和斑块成分进行分析,可以预测患者发生缺血性脑血管事件的可能性。     

颈动脉粥样硬化对缺血性脑血管病的影响

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块对缺血性脑血管病的影响。方法选择我院神经内科住院的缺血性脑血管病患者68例，分为脑梗死组（CI组）43例和短暂性脑缺血组（TIA组）25例，另选同期门诊及病房非脑血管病患者32例（对照组），采用彩色多普勒血流显像技术对两组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块进行比较。结果68例缺血性脑血管病患者中，48例（70．6％）有动脉粥样硬化斑块，对照组5例（15．6％）有动脉粥样硬化斑块，两组患者粥样硬化斑块检出率间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。68例缺血性脑血管病患者无症状侧颈动脉斑块检出率高于症状侧斑块检出率。CI、TIA两组患者无症状侧斑块检出率与症状侧斑块检出率间差异亦均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化是脑梗死的重要危险因素。对缺血性脑血管病患者，除常规检查颅脑影像学外，还应重视检查颈部血管。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系

1对象与方法1.1研究对象选择2003年10月至2005年6月,在山东省生建八三医院住院的缺血性脑血管病患者130例,其中男78例,女52例。年龄为32~80岁,平均(64±6)岁,分为脑梗死组96例(大面积梗死42例,基底核腔隙性梗死51例,脑干及小脑梗死3例),短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)组34例(颈动脉系统25例,椎-基底动脉系6例,并存发生3例)。所有患者均经头部CT或MRI证实,脑梗死和TIA的诊断均符合1995年第四届全国脑血管疾病学术会议修订的诊断标准[1]。对照组选择同期住院的无缺血性脑血管病危险因素及经动脉超声检查无斑块者89例,其中,男61例,女28例。年龄为3…     

血管壁磁共振成像在老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者术前评估中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者术前评估的应用价值及序列优化.方法 70例老年缺血性脑血管疾病的患者,超声检查发现颈动脉分叉处有斑块,分别进行颈动脉MRI和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查.颈动脉MRI检查序列包括平扫及增强T1加权(T1W1)、T2加权、质子加权(PDWI)和3D时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3D-TOF MRA).扫描完成后将图像分为两种序列组合,即5序列组合(上述5个序列)和2序列组合(T1WI和3D TOF)MRI图像.DSA检查摄取颅外段颈动脉常规正位及侧位图像.分析MRI与DSA之间、MRI不同序列组合之间对管腔狭窄和纤维帽破溃的检出差异.结果 70例患者中1例图像质量较差,余69例中除3支血管为支架置入术后,共135支血管.5序列及2序列MRI组合检测的平均管腔狭窄程度分别为(38.3±31.0)%和(38.5±30.9)%,差异无统计学意义(t=2.447,P＞0.05).DSA检测的平均血管狭窄程度为(35.1±31.8)%,以其作为金标准,MRI两种序列组合与金标准间具有很好的一致性(Kappa值0.773).两种序列组合分别检出36支血管具有溃疡斑块,差异无统计学意义;DSA检出16支血管具有溃疡斑块,MRI与DSA检出溃疡斑块的差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.0,P＜0.01).结论 MRI可以准确判断颈动脉的管腔狭窄程度并检出溃疡斑块的存在,通过对扫描序列的优化可以有效减少检查时间,是老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者术前评估的较好的检查手段.

Abstract：

Objective To study the value of carotid plaque magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pre-operation assessment in the elderly patients with carotid atherosclerosis and explore the possibility of minimizing the contrast weightings to gain sweeptime. Methods Totally 70 elderly patients with cerebral ischemia (average age of 68.8 years) underwent carotid MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) due to the appearance of carotid plaque detected by ultrasound. Carotid plaque MRI was acquired with 3.0T MR scanner and 8 channel surface coil. The standard carotid plague MRI program included pre-and post-contrast T1 weighted imaging (T1WI), T2 weighted imaging, proton density weighted imaging and 3D time of flight MR angiography (3D TOF MRA). All these program were divided into two combinations: the 5-sequence MRI (all the sequences) and 2-sequence MRI (T1WI and TOF MRA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in coronal and lateral views of carotid artery was performed with GE Advantx LCN+. The software SPSS 13.0 was used to statistically analyze the difference between MRI and DSA, and that of two sequence combinations was used in the detection of luminal stenosis and fibrous cap (FC) rupture. Results Totally 135 arteries were analyzed while 3 arteries in one patient were excluded due to the poor quality image and stent placement. The degree of luminal stenosis were (38.3±31.0)% and (38.5±30.9)%, respectively, detected by the two MRI sequence-combination with no significant difference (t=2.447, P＞0.05) and was (35.1±31.8)% by DSA. There was a good concordance between MRI and DSA in luminal stenosis detection (Kappa value: 0.773). No statistical difference was found between two MR sequence combinations in detecting FC rupture (both in 36 vessels). DSA detected FC rupture of 16 vessels, showing remarkably difference contrast to MRI(χ2=12.0, P＜0.01). Conclusions MRI can accurately detect the luminal stenosis and FC rupture. The short time scanning resulting from sequence optimization could make MRI much more suitable than DSA to do the pre-operation assessment for senile carotid atherosclerotic patients.     

Characterization of signal properties in atherosclerotic plaque components by intravascular MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of distinguishing between atherosclerotic plaque components solely on the basis of biochemical differences. However, to date, the majority of plaque characterization has been performed by using high-field strength units or special coils, which are not clinically applicable. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate MRI properties in histologically verified plaque components in excised human carotid endarterectomy specimens with the use of a 5F catheter-based imaging coil, standard acquisition software, and a clinical scanner operating at 0.5 T. Human carotid endarterectomy specimens from 17 patients were imaged at 37 degrees C by use of an opposed solenoid intravascular radiofrequency coil integrated into a 5F double-lumen catheter interfaced to a 0.5-T General Electric interventional scanner. Cross-sectional intravascular MRI (156x250 microm in-plane resolution) that used different imaging parameters permitted the calculation of absolute T1and T2, the magnetization transfer contrast ratio, the magnitude of regional signal loss associated with an inversion recovery sequence (inversion ratio), and regional signal loss in gradient echo (gradient echo-to-spin echo ratio) in plaque components. Histological staining included hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, Kossa, oil red O, and Gomori's iron stain. X-ray micrographs were also used to identify regions of calcium. Seven plaque components were evaluated: fibrous cap, smooth muscle cells, organizing thrombus, fresh thrombus, lipid, edema, and calcium. The magnetization transfer contrast ratio was significantly less in the fibrous cap (0.62+/-13) than in all other components (P<0.05) The inversion ratio was greater in lipid (0.91+/-0.09) than all other components (P<0.05). Calcium was best distinguished by using the gradient echo-to-spin echo ratio, which was lower in calcium (0.36+/-0.2) than in all plaque components, except for the organizing thrombus (P<0.04). Absolute T1 (range 300+/-140 ms for lipid to 630+/-321 ms for calcium) and T2 (range 40+/-12 ms for fresh thrombus to 59+/-21 ms for smooth muscle cells) were not significantly different between groups. In vitro intravascular MRI with catheter-based coils and standard software permits sufficient spatial resolution to visualize major plaque components. Pulse sequences that take advantage of differences in biochemical structure of individual plaque components show quantitative differences in signal properties between fibrous cap, lipid, and calcium. Therefore, catheter-based imaging coils may have the potential to identify and characterize those intraplaque components associated with plaque stability by use of existing whole-body scanners.     

Magnetresonanztomographische Bildgebung der atherosklerotischen Plaque

Recent advances in terms of spatial and temporal resolution have enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be used to display atherosclerotic plaque. MRI permits not only to detect atherosclerotic lesions but also enables determination of plaque volume and plaque characterization. It allows to display different plaque components such as lipid core, fibrous cap, calcium, and thrombus. To improve the spatial resolution, different invasive approaches based on intravascular coils have been evaluated. Novel contrast agent developments aim at the detection of inflammatory plaque activity in order to identify lesions with a high vascular risk (vulnerable plaque).     

Atherosclerotic aortic component quantification by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging: an in vivo study in rabbits

OBJECTIVES: We sought to demonstrate the ability that noninvasive in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has to quantify the different components within atherosclerotic plaque. BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic plaque composition plays a critical role in both lesion stability and subsequent thrombogenicity. Noninvasive MRI is a promising tool for the characterization of plaque composition. METHOD: Thoracic and abdominal aortic atherosclerotic lesions were induced in rabbits (n = 5). Nine months later, MRI was performed in a 1.5T system. Fast spin-echo sequences (proton density-weighted and T2-weighted [T2W] images) were obtained (in-plane resolution: 350 x 350 microns, slice thickness: 3 mm). Magnetic resonance images were correlated with matched histopathological sections (n = 108). RESULTS: A significant correlation (p < 0.001) was observed for mean wall thickness and vessel wall area between MRI and histopathology (r = 0.87 and r = 0.85, respectively). The correlation was also present on subanalysis of the thoracic and upper part of the abdominal aorta, susceptible to respiratory motion artifacts. There was a significant correlation for plaque composition (p < 0.05) between MRI and histopathology for the analysis of lipidic (low signal on T2W, r = 0.81) and fibrous (high signal on T2W, r = 0.86) areas with Oil Red O staining. T2-weighted images showed greater contrast than proton density-weighted between these different components of the plaques as assessed by signal intensity ratio analysis with the mean difference in signal ratios of 0.47 (S.E. 0.012, adjusted for clustering of observations within lesions) being significantly different from 0 (t1 = 39.1, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: In vivo noninvasive high resolution MRI accurately quantifies fibrotic and lipidic components of atherosclerosis in this model. This may permit the serial analysis of therapeutic strategies on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.     

家族性高胆固醇血症纯合子患者颈动脉病变的高分辨MRI成像

目的:应用高分辨磁共振观察家族性高胆固醇血症纯合子患者颈动脉改变,明确动脉粥样硬化病变分布及类型,以便为FH患者临床治疗提供有价值的影像学依据。方法:采用高分辨磁共振对5例经临床诊断FH纯合子患者(男∶女=3∶2,平均年龄17岁,平均低密度脂蛋白胆固醇17.12 mmol/L)进行磁共振颈动脉血管壁及磁共振增强血管造影检查,观察动脉粥样硬化病变的分布,斑块类型,管腔狭窄程度,计算血管壁负荷。结果:所有患者颈总动脉、颈内动脉、颈外动脉均可见管壁增厚,斑块类型以早期的脂质斑块为主。在年龄较大的患者中斑块呈偏心性分布,管腔明显狭窄,并伴有较高的血管壁负荷。结论:高分辨MRI可以定性定量分析病变程度。为随访观察及个体化治疗提供有直观影像依据。     

应用光学相干断层成像对老年与中青年颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块特征的分析

目的 应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)评价老年与中青年患者颈动脉粥样硬化性斑块特征的区别.方法 回顾性连续纳入2017年6月至2021年2月在东部战区总医院神经内科完成颈动脉OCT检查的颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者86例,分别将年龄<60岁、年龄≥60岁患者分为中青年组(17例,占19.8％)和老年组(69例,占80.2％)...     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与颅内血流动力学变化的相关性

目的利用16排螺旋CT血管成像及灌注成像探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质与颅内血流动力学的相关性。方法对42例颈动脉超声证实的颈动脉斑块患者行16排螺旋CT灌注成像-血管成像检查,根据CT值的不同分析斑块成分,并将脂肪斑块和纤维斑块定义为不稳定性斑块,钙化斑块定义为稳定性斑块;利用灌注成像分析颅内脑血流灌注情况。结果42例颈动脉斑块患者中不稳定性斑块25例,其中脂肪斑块10例,纤维斑块15例;稳定性斑块17例。14例表现为症状相应区域低灌注,其中脂肪斑块颅内低灌注的发生率为70%,纤维斑块颅内低灌注的发生率为47%,而钙化斑块无颅内低灌注表现。结论不稳定性斑块的存在比较稳定性斑块易于引起颅内血流动力学变化。