代谢综合征与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性分析

目的 探讨代谢综合征(MS)与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性.方法将行冠状动脉造影术的患者150例分为MS组和非MS组,比较两组冠状动脉病变血管支数、Gensini评分及踝臂指数(ABI).结果MS组双支病变和三支病变发生率明显高于非MS组(均P<0.05).MS组的Gensini评分明显高于非Ms组(32.57±29.58与14.24±18.10,P=0.0001).MS组中ABI指数<0.9者占18.8%,而非MS组中仅占6.7%(P=0.038).结论MS与冠状动脉病变的严重程度及下肢动脉硬化密切相关.     

踝臂指数评价糖尿病冠状动脉病变的临床观察

目的观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者踝臂指数（ABI）与冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法 88例行冠状动脉造影术或介入治疗的T2DM患者测定ABI,观察ABI与冠状动脉病变Gensini评分的相关性。结果 ABI与Gensini评分呈显著负相关,严重病变组与轻度病变组、无病变组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 T2DM患者ABI与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈负相关,有助于预测冠状动脉病变的严重程度。     

代谢综合征患者动态血压有关指标与冠状动脉病变的相关性分析

目的探讨动态收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MBP）、脉压（PP）、脉压指数（PPJ）与代谢综合征（MS）患者冠状动脉病变严重程度相关性，评价各指标对冠状动脉病变的预测价值。方法对204例患者行冠状动脉造影（CAG），分析冠状动脉狭窄程度，并计算冠状动脉病变血管数和冠状动脉病变评分；同时行动态血压监测（ABPM）。分为非CHD和CHD组，按PPI≤0．40、0．41-0．50、0．51—0．60、〉0．60分为4组，按PP≤40mmHg、41-60mmHg、61—80mmHg、〉80mmHg分为4组，比较各组间冠状动脉病变程度。结果非CHD和CHD组在年龄、血脂、体重指数、SBP、PP、PPI上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；PP和PPI组在冠心病发生率、冠状动脉病变的血管数、评分和冠脉狭窄程度上均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05 or P〈0．01）；MS患者的CHD发生率及病变程度与SBP、PP、PPI显著相关（P〈0．01），与PPI相关性最为最著。结论在动态血压各指标中，PP、PPI、SBP与冠状动脉病变密切相关，可作为代谢综合征患者二级预防靶点。     

踝臂指数与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性分析

【目的】探讨静息和运动后的踝臂指数（ankle brachial index,ABI）与冠状动脉狭窄程度的关系。【方法】选取在邵阳市中心医院心血管内科住院行冠状动脉造影患者120例,根据造影结果分为冠脉正常组（n=22）、轻-中度病变组（n=54）和严重病变组（n=44）,检测三组患者的血脂、血糖指标,比较三组的静息ABI、运动后ABI、Gensini积分,并对静息ABI、运动后ABI与冠状动脉狭窄程度进行相关性分析。【结果】严重病变组的静息ABI、运动后ABI水平明显低于与正常组、轻中度病变组（均P〈0．05）;随病变程度增加Gensini积分显著增加（P均〈0．01）;静息ABI与运动后ABI与冠状动脉狭窄程度评分呈负相关（r=-0．55、-0．89,P〈0．01）。ROC分析显示运动ABI的ROC图曲线下面积（0．752）大于静息ABI的ROC图曲线下面积（0．646）,但无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。【结论】静息ABI及运动后ABI水平与冠脉狭窄程度相关,以运动后ABI相关性更密切,运动后ABI对严重冠状动脉狭窄程度具有更高的诊断价值。     

ABI对冠心病患者危险分层预测价值的研究

目的通过与冠状动脉造影结果的相关性分析,评价ABI指数对临床冠心病患者危险程度预测价值的意义。方法经冠状动脉造影明确冠脉狭窄程度的患者106例,采用Gemini积分系统,将各组患者冠状动脉病变程度进行评分。并对其进行ABI测量,分析ABI与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。结果三支病变组ABI（0．81±0．18）与正常组ABI（1．07±0．16,P〈0．01）及单支病变组ABI（O．98±0．12,P〈0．05）之间差异有显著性,两支病变组ABI（0．87±0．20）明显低于正常组ABI（1．07±0．16）,差异有显著性,P〈0．05。患者ABI与Gemini评分呈显著负相关。结论ABI是一种无创、简单易行的检查方法,对冠心病患者的危险分层有较好的预测价值。     

冠状动脉病变程度和血浆脑钠肽超敏C反应蛋白水平相关性的研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病粥样硬化程度和血浆脑钠肽（BNP）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平之间的相关性。方法163例经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者分为稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组（79例）、不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）组（43例）和急性心肌梗死（AMI）组（41例），比较三组患者的冠状动脉病变支数、左主干病变、冠状动脉Gensini评分、血浆BNP和hs-CRP水平差异有无统计学意义。结果 三组患者的冠状动脉病变支数、左主干病变比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；SAP组患者的Gensini评分、BNP、hs-CRP水平分别与UAP组和AMI组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；UAP组和AMI组患者的hs-CRP水平比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），两组患者的Gensini评分、BNP水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 冠心病患者的血浆BNP、hs-CRP水平和冠状动脉病变程度之间存在的相关性，可以反映心肌受损的程度，具有重要的临床意义。     

血清HS-CRP LDL-C/HDL-C在冠心病中的临床意义

目的通过检测冠心病（CHD）患者体内超敏C．反应蛋白（hs．CRP）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL—C）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL．C）水平,研究HS．CRP与LDL．C／HDL．C冠心病及冠心病病变程度中的临床意义。方法根据冠状动脉（简称冠脉）造影结果的Gensini评分,将患者分为四组：（1）冠脉造影正常组（64例）：Gensini评分0分。（2）冠脉轻度病变组（61例）：Gensini评分〈10分。（3）中度病变组（32例）：Gensini评分10—30分。（4）重度病变组（61例）：Gensini评分〉30分。比较四组hS-CRP及LDL-C／HDL—C升高与冠心病的相关程度。结果冠心病组患者的hs-CRP浓度和LDL．C／HDL—C均显著高于冠脉正常组（P〈0．05）。另外,hS-CRP浓度在冠脉中度病变组显著高于冠脉轻度病变组（P〈0．05）;冠脉重度病变组显著高于冠脉中度病变组（P〈0．05）。结论血hS—CRP和LDL-C／HDL-C均与冠脉病变密切相关,而且hS—CRP与病变的严重程度（据Gensini评分）呈正相关,可作为对冠脉病变程度的估测指标。虽血液中LDL—C／HDL．C与冠状动脉病变密切相关,但很难完全据此指标来预测其病变程度。     

晚期糖基化终末产物与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究

目的探讨晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）水平与冠心病（CHD）患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法对132例行冠状动脉造影检查者,采用ELISA法测定血清AGEs水平。依照冠状动脉造影结果分为非冠心病组（n=38）和冠心病组（n=94）,病变程度定量采用Gemini评分系统。根据冠状动脉病变支数,分为冠状动脉正常组（n=32）、单支病变组（n=34）、双支病变组（n=35）及多支病变组（n=31）。结合AGEs、Gemini积分对各组进行比较和综合分析。结果冠心病组血清AGEs浓度显著高于非冠心病组（P〈0．01）,随冠状动脉病变支数和Gensini积分增加血清AGEs水平相应升高。校正年龄、血压、血脂、血糖等影响后,AGEs与ISI、Gensini积分呈显著正相关（r=0．717、r=0．658,P〈0．01）,与冠状动脉病变支数亦呈正相关（r=0．742,P〈0．05）。线性回归分析显示年龄、Gensini积分、BMI、ISI是影响AGEs的独立因素;ISI、BMI、AGEs、年龄、SBP是影响Gensini积分的独立因素。结论血清AGEs在冠心病患者中明显升高,且随着冠状动脉病变程度加重而升高,提示AGEs不仅参与了冠心病的病理生理过程,而且还可作为判断冠状动脉病变严重程度的一项指标。     

代谢综合征及其组分对踝臂指数的影响

目的调查健康体检人群中代谢综合征（MS）及其各组分数量对踝臂指数（ABI）的影响,为MS并发心血管疾病的健康管理提供科学依据。方法对2007—2009年在我院进行体检的公职人员7819例个体进行随机抽样,采用中华医学会糖尿病学分会关于中国人MS的建议诊断MS,对样本进行了MS组分数量分级。结果①比较非MS组与MS组的ABI指标,MS组患者ABI值降低,分别为1.11±0.07和1.09±0.12,P〈0.05;PAD患病率增加,分别为0和7.0%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。②MS组分别与M0、M1、M2比较,随MS组分数目的增加,ABI值逐渐下降,PAD患病率逐渐上升,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。③按性别分组后对MS各组分与ABI相关性研究,结果发现血脂异常、高血压、高血糖组分的PAD患病率较高,女性各MS组分PAD患病率均高于男性。结论北京市健康体检人群中MS及其组分对ABI存在影响,ABI随MS组分的增加而降低,且MS患者的PAD发病率高于非MS,血脂异常、高血压、高血糖均对PAD存在影响。     

血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤维蛋白原浓度与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系

目的探讨血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤维蛋白原（fibrinogen，Fbg）浓度与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法冠心病患者137例，按Gensini评分分为三组，A组（〈20分组）、B组（20．40分组）、C组（〉40分组），另对照组患者131例。分别比较各组间外周血血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤维蛋白原浓度。结果冠心病患者的血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ浓度明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），纤维蛋白原的浓度明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），且不同Gensini积分组血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤维蛋白浓度之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤维蛋白原浓度与冠脉病变严重程度有密切关系，且可以预测患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.