Pulmonary function before and after anterior spinal surgery in adult idiopathic scoliosis.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long term effects of anterior spinal surgery on pulmonary function in adult patients with idiopathic scoliosis. A study was therefore undertaken of pulmonary function before and after anterior spinal surgery in this group of patients. METHODS: Fourteen patients (12 women) of mean age 26.5 years (range 17-50, 10 > or = 20 years) were studied. All 14 patients underwent thoracotomy and anterior arthrodesis, and five also underwent posterior arthrodesis. Scoliosis curves and lung volumes were measured preoperatively and at a mean follow up of 32 months (range 14-49) after surgery. RESULTS: At long term follow up after surgery the mean (SD) Cobb angle of the thoracic curve improved from 59 degrees (25 degrees) to 39 degrees (18 degrees), a correction of 31%. Despite this there was a fall in mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of 0.21 litres (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.38). In the patients who underwent anterior surgery without posterior surgery (n = 9) there was a fall in mean FVC of 0.31 litres (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.50); mean forced expiratory volume in one second and total lung capacity were also reduced and there was an increase in mean residual volume. CONCLUSIONS: Forced vital capacity is reduced at long term follow up in adult patients with idiopathic scoliosis who undergo anterior spinal surgery. The fall in FVC is small and is unlikely to be of clinical significance in patients with reasonable lung function in whom surgery is planned for prevention of curve progression or improvement of cosmetic appearance and pain. However, surgical intervention should not be undertaken in an attempt to improve pulmonary function.     

单一后路矫形术对严重脊柱侧凸肺功能的影响

目的探讨单一后路矫形手术对严重脊柱侧凸患者肺功能恢复的影响。方法 2007～2009年间有完整肺功能资料的胸弯Cobb角〉70°伴有肺功能障碍的严重脊柱侧凸患者30例纳入本次研究。患者年龄为10～36岁,平均17.0岁;其中男11例,女19例。使用肺功能检查评估患者术前和术后3个月、2年时的肺功能状况。结果患者术前平均Cobb角为109.1°,脊柱侧凸矫形术后Cobb角平均下降至65.6°,侧凸矫正率平均为43.0%。术后3个月患者肺功能有轻微的改善,与术前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后2年患者的肺活量（vital capacity,VC）升高了23.8%、VC与预计值的比升高了17.6%、用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）升高了23.6%、FVC与预计值的比升高了17.1%、1秒用力呼气量（forced expiratory volume in 1 s,FEV1）升高了25.6%,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;FEV1与预计值的比升高了21.9%,与术前相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。患者术前肺功能参数与术前Cobb角成负相关,术后肺功能参数的改善率均与术前Cobb角成正相关。结论单一后路矫形手术可以有效的改善脊柱侧凸患者的肺功能,并随着术后时间的延长肺功能的改善越发显著,术前脊柱侧凸越严重术后肺功能的恢复效果也越明显。     

Clinical effect of continuous corrective force delivery in the non-operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective cohort study of the triac-brace

A prospective cohort study of skeletally immature idiopathic scoliotic patients treated with the TriaC brace. To determine if the TriaC brace is effective in preventing curve progression in immature adolescent idiopathic scoliotic patients with a very high risk of curve progression based on reported natural history data. The aim of the newly introduced TriaC brace is to reverse the pathologic transverse force pattern by externally applied and continuously present orthotic forces. In the frontal plane the force system used in the TriaC brace is similar to the force system of the conventional braces. However, in the sagittal plane the force system acts only on the thoracic region. In addition, the brace allows upper trunk flexibility without affecting the corrective forces during body motion. In a preliminary study it is demonstrated that the brace prevents further progression of both the Cobb angle and axial rotation in idiopathic scoliosis. Skeletally immature patients with idiopathic scoliosis with curves between 20 and 40° were studied prospectively. Skeletally immature was defined as a Risser sign 0 or 1 for both boys and girls, or pre-menarche or less than 1-year post-menarche for girls. Curves of less than 30° had to have documented progression before entry. The mean age of the patients at the start of treatment was 11.3 ± 3.1 years. All measurements were collected by a single observer, and all patients were followed up to skeletal maturity. Treatment was complete for all participants when they had reached Risser sign 4 and did not show any further growth at length measurements. This was at a mean age of 15.6 ± 1.1 years, with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years post bracing. In our study a successful outcome was obtained in 76% of patients treated with the TriaC brace. Comparing our data to literature data on natural history of a similar cohort shows that the TriaC brace significantly alters the predicted natural history. The current study demonstrates that treatment with the TriaC brace reduces the scoliosis, and that the achieved correction is maintained in some degree after skeletal maturity is reached and bracing is discontinued. It also prevents further progression of the Cobb angle in idiopathic scoliosis. The new brace does not differ from the conventional braces as far as maintaining the deformity is concerned.     

短节段肋骨切除胸廓成形对脊柱侧凸患者肺功能的影响

目的探讨特发性脊柱侧凸后路矫形凸侧短节段肋骨切除胸廓成形术对肺功能的影响。方法 2006年1月至2007年5月,19例特发性胸椎侧凸患者行后路三维矫形术,并经同一切口行凸侧短节段肋骨切除胸廓成形术。男9例,女10例,年龄11～20岁,平均14.5岁。Lenke分型：1型13例,2型6例;术前Cobb角60°～104°,平均73.9°;术中切除肋骨4～6根,平均5.4根,切除长度1.5～2cm。所有患者术前均进行肺功能检查,选择用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）、第1秒最大呼气量（forced expiratory volume in 1 second,FEV_1）及二者占预计值百分比（FVC%,FEV_1%）作为观察指标,并分别于术后3个月、6个月、1年、2年复查肺功能,了解肺功能变化情况。所得数据用统计学方法进行分析。结果本组病例术后Cobb角10°～59°,平均26.5°,侧凸矫正率为64.1%;术后3个月时,FVC、FEV_1、FVC%及FEV_1%较术前均有下降,但其差异无统计学意义,术后6个月时接近术前水平,术后1年及2年较术前均有升高。校正年龄和身高对肺功能的影响后,FVC%及FEV_1%的动态变化显示术后3个月至2年患者肺功能在持续改善。结论脊柱侧凸后路三维矫形结合凸侧短节段肋骨切除胸廓成形对患者的肺功能干扰小,术后肺功能恢复快,可作为脊柱侧凸合并中重度胸牢的治疗选择。     

后路凸凹侧双棒同步矫形在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫治中的应用

目的 探讨后路凸凹双侧矫形棒同步矫形技术在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)外科矫治中的应用价值及疗效.方法 2006年2月至2008年8月采用后路凸凹侧双棒同步矫形技术治疗AIS 48例,其中男性16例,女性32例;年龄11～24岁,平均17.1岁.Lenke分型:Ⅰ型17例、Ⅱ型9例、Ⅲ型14例、Ⅳ型8例.行选择性胸弯融合27例,非选择性融合21例.观测手术前后冠状Cobb角、顶椎偏距、顶椎旋转、躯干偏移、尾端融合椎旋转、倾斜角、椎间角、矢状面平衡变化,评价侧凸矫正效果及脊柱平衡状况.结果 术后随访12～27个月,平均15.1个月.选择性融合患者末次随访胸、腰弯Cobb角平均矫正率分别为(76±11)%、(72±9)%.非选择性融合术患者末次随访胸、腰弯Cobb角平均矫正率分别为(74±15)%、(69±9)%.所有病例尾侧保留脊柱活动节段平均4.4个.1例因术中定位错误发生近端交界性后凸行翻修术.其余病例末次随访无脊柱失代偿,无假关节形成、神经损伤等并发症.结论 应用后路凸凹双侧矫形棒同步矫形治疗AIS,有助于提高矫形效果,重建和维持脊柱平衡,减少尾侧融合节段.     

Effectiveness of the SpineCor brace based on the new standardized criteria proposed by the scoliosis research society for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

The purpose of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dynamic SpineCor brace for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in accordance with the standardized criteria proposed by the Scoliosis Research Society Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management. They proposed these guidelines to make the comparison among studies more valid and reliable. From 1993 to 2006, 493 patients were treated using the SpineCor brace. Two hundred forty-nine patients met the criteria for inclusion, and 79 patients were still actively being treated. Overall, 170 patients have a definitive outcome. All girls were premenarchal or less than 1 year postmenarchal. Assessment of brace effectiveness included (1) percentage of patients who have 5 degrees or less curve progression, and percentage of patients who have 6 degrees or more progression; (2) percentage of patients who have been recommended/undergone surgery before skeletal maturity; (3) percentage of patients with curves exceeding 45 degrees at maturity (end of treatment); and (4) Two-year follow-up beyond maturity to determine the percentage of patients who subsequently underwent surgery. Successful treatment (correction, >5 degrees, or stabilization, +/-5 degrees) was achieved in 101 (59.4%) of the 170 patients from the time of the fitting of the SpineCor brace to the point in which it was discontinued. Thirty-nine immature patients (22.9%) required surgical fusion while receiving treatment. Two (1.2%) of 170 patients had curves exceeding 45 degrees at maturity. One mature patient (2.1%) required surgery within 2 years of follow-up beyond skeletal maturity. The conclusion drawn from these findings is that the SpineCor brace is effective for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Moreover, positive outcomes are maintained after 2 years because 45 (95.7%) of 47 patients stabilized or corrected their end of bracing Cobb angle up to 2 years after bracing. Therapeutic study-investigating the results of treatment: level II.     

Die Compliance als Prognosefaktor bei der konservativen Behandlung idiopathischer Skoliosen

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance of brace treatment and the correlation with outcomes in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

Ninety adolescent patients completed treatment with the Dresden scoliosis orthosis. After a mean follow-up time of 4.3 years, their level of compliance was retrospectively assessed and correlated with the radiographic results.

Results

The amount of primary correction was 36% in the lumbar spine and 25% in the thoracic spine. Of the patients, 59.4% were compliant (daily duration of brace treatment >20 h). The success rate in this group (improved or constant Cobb angles during therapy) was 89%. With good compliance and primary correction of more than 30%, the average Cobb angle at follow-up had improved by 8.3° in the thoracic spine and by 12.4° in the lumbar spine compared with the initial Cobb angle. Eleven of 39 patients in the noncompliant group but only four of 57 compliant patients underwent surgery.

Conclusion

Compliance with orthosis therapy and the amount of primary correction are together the most important factors for predicting the final outcome of brace treatment in idiopathic scoliosis. Influencing factors on compliance must be further analyzed.     

Outcome in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after brace treatment and surgery assessed by means of the Scoliosis Research Society Instrument 24

A retrospectively designed long-term follow-up study of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who had completed treatment, of at least 2 years, by means of brace, surgery, or both brace and surgery. This study is to assess the outcome after treatment for AIS by means of the Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Instrument 24 (SRS 24). One hundred and eighteen AIS patients (99 females and 19 males), treated at the Aarhus University Hospital from January 1, 1987 to December 31, 1997, were investigated with at least 2 years follow-up at the time of receiving a posted self-administered questionnaire. Forty-four patients were treated with Boston brace (B) only, 41 patients had surgery (S), and 33 patients were treated both with brace and surgery (BS). The Cobb angles of the three treatment groups did not differ significantly after completed treatment. The outcome in terms of the total SRS 24 score was not significantly different among the three groups. B patients had a significantly better general (not treatment related) self-image and higher general activity level than the total group of surgically treated patients, while surgically treated patients scored significantly better in post-treatment self-image and satisfaction. Comparing B with BS we found a significantly higher general activity level in B patients, while the BS group had significantly higher satisfaction. There were no significant differences between BS and S patients in any of the domain scores. All treatment groups scored “fair or better” in all domain scores of the SRS 24 questionnaire, except in post-treatment function, where all groups scored worse than “fair”. Improvement of appearance by means of surgical correction increases mean scores for post-treatment self-image and post-treatment satisfaction. Double-treatment by brace and surgery does not appear to jeopardize a good final outcome.     

Management of spinal deformity in cerebral palsy: conservative treatment

Introduction

The incidence of scoliosis in Cerebral Palsy (CP) is directly related to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. The natural history of untreated scoliosis in patients with CP is one of progression and factors implicated in deterioration include type of involvement (quadriplegia), poor functional status (nonambulatory, GMFCS levels IV and V), and curve location (thoracolumbar). The generally accepted incidence in the overall CP population is 20–25 %.

Materials and methods

We recently published our short term results for 31 children treated with a short lumbar brace. In cases of a "positive hands up test" we recommend a short lumbar brace, and in patients with scoliosis with a Cobb angle >20° a double shelled brace.

Results

In our study, there was a correction of 37 % for the lumbar Cobb angle and 39 % for the thoracic Cobb angle at a mean follow-up of 28 months.

Conclusion

The incidence of scoliosis in the overall CP population is 20–25 % and is directly related to the GMFCS level. Therefore, we recommend early treatment and prescribe a short lumbar brace in patients with dynamic instability of the trunk, and in scoliosis with a Cobb angle >20° a double shelled brace.     

Is brace treatment unnecessary for cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis above Risser sign 3?

BackgroundSkeletally mature cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with mild curves are generally considered to have a low risk of deterioration. Previous reports have indicated that brace treatment in these cases has a high success rate; however, it is unclear whether brace treatment is necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis progression during one year of follow-up in cases with a Risser sign ≥3, which were not treated with a brace, and to identify risk factors for progression.MethodsThis retrospective, single center study included 54 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis presenting to a university hospital in Japan between 2008 and 2017, with a Risser sign ≥3, which were not treated with brace treatment and had at least 2 years of follow-up data. The primary outcome was adolescent idiopathic scoliosis progression, defined as a deterioration in the Cobb angle of ≥ 6. Statistical analyses were performed to identify patient characteristics that were associated with progression.ResultsThe mean age of the 54 included cases was 14.1 years, and the male to female ratio was 8:46. Scoliosis progressed in 8 (14.8%) cases within 2 years of follow-up. Female patients with progression were more likely to have recently gone through menarche than those without progression (p < 0.01). There was a slight statistical difference in age (p < 0.05), but no significant differences in sex, Risser-sign Stage, initial Cobb angle or main curve between adolescent patients with and without progression.ConclusionsWe recommend brace treatment for cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with a Risser sign ≥ 3 who have recently gone through menarche.     

Effectiveness of the boston brace in treatment of large curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study of 50 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with curves measuring 35 degrees to 45 degrees who were treated with a Boston brace. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Boston brace could effectively halt long-term progression in skeletally immature adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis who had a curve between 35 degrees and 45 degrees. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The Boston brace has been shown to be effective in preventing curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, but its efficacy in large curves has not been fully studied. METHODS: Fifty adolescents were treated with a Boston brace for idiopathic scoliosis curves of 35-45 degrees (mean, 38.55 degrees ). All were judged to be skeletally immature based on menarcheal status (mean, 2.6 months before menarche), Risser sign (mean, 0.90; range, 0-2), and chronologic age (mean, 13 +/- 1 years). Patients were recalled for long-term follow-up at a mean of 9.7 years (range, 6.23-13.22 years) after brace discontinuation. Three well-matched patient subsets were then identified based on compliance. Group 1 (n = 24) consisted of patients who were compliant with the brace program and wore the brace 18 or more hours per day, Group 2 (n = 14) contained patients who wore the brace 12-18 hours per day, and Group 3 (n = 12) contained patients who wore the brace 0-12 hours per day. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the amount of initial correction seen in the brace between the groups: 49%, 45%, and 33% curve correction in the brace for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P < 0.05). At long-term follow-up there was a statistically significant difference between Groups 1, 2, and 3 in the percentage of patients in whom the curve had progressed to more than 45 degrees (P < 0.001), who had more than 5 degrees of curve progression (P < 0. 05), or who had undergone posterior spinal fusion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These long-term data confirm that the Boston brace when used 18 or more hours per day is effective in preventing progression of large curves at a mean of 9.8 years after bracing is discontinued.     

前路松解联合后路矫形固定治疗重度脊柱侧凸

目的：评价前路松解联合后路矫形对重度脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法：2000年7月至2007年1月采用前路松解联合后路矫形固定治疗重度脊柱侧凸23例,男12例,女11例;年龄9～18岁,平均15.3岁。其中先天性半椎体脊柱侧凸9例,特发性脊柱侧凸13例,神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸1例。冠状面上Cobb角81°～126°,平均97.4°。结果：术后侧凸Cobb角为10°～55°,平均37.4°,平均矫正率56.2%。身高增加0.5～7.5cm,平均5.2cm。全部病例均获随访,时间6～24个月,平均10个月,2例出现交界区＂附加＂现象,无断棒、脱钩等并发症。结论：脊柱前路松解安全、有效,联合后路矫形内固定治疗重度脊柱侧凸可获得满意治疗效果。     

伴有侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗

目的总结后路一期减压、内固定、融合手术治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症患者的效果。方法自1998年1月-2005年10月,治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症患者38例,腰椎侧凸畸形角度平均31°,术前 JOA评分平均11分,均采用腰椎后路一期减压、矫形、内固定、融合治疗。结果 32例得到随访,随访时间1-4年,平均2．5年,矫正角度平均13°。矫正角度丧失1°-5°,平均3°。截骨融合率100％。随访时JOA评分平均23分,患者对手术效果满意。结论后路一期减压、内固定、融合手术是治疗伴有腰椎侧凸畸形的腰椎管狭窄症的有效手段。     

Prospective evaluation of braces as treatment in idiopathic scoliosis

AIM: To prospectively evaluate the results of brace treatment in idiopathic scoliosis and to define risk factors of treatment failure. METHOD: Fifty-two patients with a Cobb angle of between 25 and 40 degrees were included in the study. Prior to initiation of brace treatment with the Chêneau-Toulouse-Muenster orthesis, skeletal age and flexibility of the curve (bending films) were evaluated. The average follow-up after weaning of the brace was 42 months (36-78 months). RESULTS: An average initial Cobb angle of 31 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (43 %) under brace treatment with a flexibility to 6 degrees Cobb angle on bending films. Three years after weaning there was an overall increase of the Cobb angle to 37 degrees on average. The apical vertebral rotation was corrected from 16 degrees to 11 degrees (31 %) and increased to 20 degrees during follow-up. Thoracic kyphosis changed from 24 degrees to 18 degrees during treatment. At the latest follow-up kyphosis had returned to the pre-treatment angle again. Twenty-two patients had a curve progression during or after brace treatment of more than 5 degrees. In 14 patients surgical correction and fusion have been indicated. There was a positive correlation between flexibility and Cobb angle correction during brace treatment and a negative correlation between Cobb angle correction during brace treatment and curve progression (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Curve progression was prevented in 58 %. Prognostic risk factors are a young age at initiation of brace treatment, a thoracic curve, unsatisfactory curve correction in the brace and a male gender.     

TLSO treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. An analysis of the Wilmington jacket

A retrospective study of one hundred female patients treated for idiopathic scoliosis using an underarm plastic thoracolumbar-sacral orthosis (TLSO) jacket was undertaken. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Wilmington jacket, to search for clinical variables which could statistically predict success, and to evaluate preliminary results of parttime bracing in 25 patients. The following parameters were statistically evaluated by multiple regression analysis: age, sex, curve location, number of vertebrae in curve, Cobb angle, maturity (Risser sign, menarche), curve flexibility, and hours in the jacket. The overall success rate was 81%, and onset of menarche and Risser sign were statistically significant prognostic variables. Ten patients (10%) underwent posterior spinal fusion for curve progression. Bracing with an underarm scoliosis jacket is a successful method of treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the immature spine. We do not recommend brace treatment for postmenarchal patients or patients with a Risser sign of Grade 1 or greater until curve progression has been observed. Furthermore, the Wilmington jacket appears to give similar results for part-time brace wearers.     

Curve progression after treatment with the Wilmington brace for idiopathic scoliosis

We evaluated curve progression after completion of Wilmington brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in 67 patients. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 13 years. Pretreatment curve magnitudes ranged from 20 to 39 degrees, with a Risser sign of 0 or 1. Sixteen patients (21%) experienced 5-16 degrees of curve progression after brace treatment was discontinued. For nine of these patients, the final curve magnitude was within 5 degrees of the pretreatment Cobb angle, reflecting a loss of correction achieved during brace treatment. The remaining seven patients had final curve magnitudes measuring 8-32 degrees greater than the pretreatment Cobb angle.     

Posterior approach lumbar and thoracolumbar hemivertebra resection in congenital scoliosis in children under 10 years of age: results with 3 years mean follow up

Introduction

The authors present 15 cases of congenital scoliosis with lumbar or thoracolumbar hemivertebra in children under 10 years of age (mean age at the time of surgery was 5.5 years). Patients were treated by posterior hemivertebra resection and pedicle screws two levels stabilization or three or more levels stabilization in the case of deformity above or under hemivertebra or for severe curve deformities.

Materials and methods

All operated patients had worsening curves; mean follow up was 40 months. The mean scoliosis curve value was 44° Cobb, and reduced to a mean 11° Cobb after surgery. The mean segmental kyphosis value was 19.7° Cobb, and reduced to a mean −1.8° Cobb after surgery. We did not consider total dorsal kyphosis value as all hemivertebras treated were at lumbar or thoracic lumbar level. No major complications emerged (infections, instrumentation mobilization or failure, neurological or vascular impairment) and only one pedicle fracture occurred.

Results

Our findings show that the hemivertebra resection with posterior approach instrumentation is an effective procedure, which has led to significant advances in congenital deformity control, which include excellent frontal and sagittal correction, excellent stability, short segment arthrodesis, low neurological impairment risk, and no necessity for further anterior surgery.

Conclusion

Surgery should be considered as soon as possible in order to avoid severe deformity and the use of long segment arthrodesis. The youngest patient we treated, with a completed dossier at the end the follow up was 24 months old at the time of surgery; the youngest patient treated by this procedure was 18 months old at the time of surgery.     

短节段融合对退变性腰椎侧凸邻近节段椎间角的影响

目的 研究退变性腰椎侧凸短节段融合后邻近节段椎间角的变化特点.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2007年5月28例退变性腰椎侧凸患者的临床资料.其中男性6例,女性22例;平均年龄62岁;侧凸范围3～6个椎节,平均4.8个椎节.采用后方椎板切除减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定、后外侧植骨融合术;融合范围限制在侧凸范围内,平均融合3.3个椎节.术前、术后即刻及随访时拍摄站立腰椎正侧位X线片,测量冠状面侧凸Cobb角、近端融合椎上方邻近节段正位及侧位椎间角,并观察植骨融合及并发症发生情况.结果 患者均获随访,随访时间25～97个月,平均50个月.术后即刻侧凸Cobb角平均矫形率33.7%,末次随访时矫形丢失平均3.7°,术前及末次随访侧凸Cobb角与术后即刻比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时正位椎间角与术前、术后即刻相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时均未发现明显假关节形成及内植物相关并发症.结论 退变性腰椎侧凸短节段融合后对近端融合椎上方邻近节段正位椎间角的矫正有限,且不能阻止其进一步加重.     

Treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with side-shift therapy: an initial comparison with a brace treatment historical cohort

A group of 44 patients with idiopathic scoliosis (mean age 13.6 years) with an initial Cobb angle between 20° and 32° received side-shift therapy (mean treatment duration 2.2 years). A group of 120 brace patients (mean age 13.6 years) with an initial Cobb angle in the same range (mean brace treatment 3.0 years) was the historical reference group. Failure was defined as an increase of Cobb angle greater than 5° within 4 months or a Cobb angle greater than 35° or a total increase of Cobb angle greater than 10°. The chance of success was not significantly different between the side-shift and the brace groups, whether tested for efficiency (66% vs 68%) or efficacy (85% vs 90%). The difference in the mean progression of the Cobb angle for the respective groups is small (for efficiency: 3° vs –2°, for efficacy: 2° vs –1°). Side-shift therapy appears to be a promising additional treatment for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents with an inital Cobb angle between 20° and 32°. Received: 20 February 1999 Accepted: 10 July 1999