糖尿病孕产妇和新生儿的围生期护理

妊娠糖尿病包括妊娠合并糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病。妊娠合并糖尿病即糖尿病病人合并妊娠，是指妇女怀孕以前已患糖尿病（1型或2型糖尿病）；妊娠期糖尿病指妊娠妇女原来没有发现糖尿病，妊娠期才出现和发现的糖尿病和糖耐量异常。妊娠中期、后期，胎盘分泌多种对抗胰岛素的激素，如胎盘泌乳素、雌激素、孕激素、皮质醇等，并且靶细胞上的胰岛素受体减少，体内胰岛素相对不足而引起糖尿病或糖耐量低减。妊娠期糖尿病约占妊娠的1％～2％。分娩后大部分能恢复正常，其中有20％～30％，可于2年～8年后发生永久性糖尿病。妊娠糖尿病对母儿影响严重，如果早期发现、早期治疗则母儿的预后大为改善。     

胰岛素类似物在妊娠合并糖尿病中的临床应用

妊娠合并糖尿病是指在原有糖尿病的基础上出现合并妊娠,或妊娠前为隐性糖尿病、妊娠后发展为糖尿病的情况,后者被称为妊娠期糖尿病。妊娠期糖尿病是妇女在妊娠期发生或首次发现的不同程度的糖耐量异常,其发病率世界各国报道为1%～14%,我国发生率为1%～5%[1]。研究证实,未加控制或血糖控制不良的妊娠期糖尿病均会对母婴围生     

妊娠期糖尿病的健康保健问题

妊娠合并糖尿病是孕期最常见的并发症之一,发生率可高达5%～20%,包括糖尿病合并妊娠和妊娠期糖尿病2种[1-2].(GE-stational diabetes mellitus,GDM)妊娠期糖尿病指的是妊娠期间才发现的糖尿病或糖耐量减低的病状.……     

糖尿病对胎儿心功能影响评估方法的进展

妊娠合并糖尿病是妊娠期最常见的合并症之一,它包括孕前患有糖尿病者妊娠(pregestational diabetes mellitus,PGDM)和妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM).前者指孕妇怀孕以前已患1型或2型糖尿病,后者定义为在妊娠期间出现或首次被发现的糖耐受不良.糖尿病孕妇中80％以上为妊娠期糖尿病.母亲孕期糖代谢异常对胎儿的生长发育尤其是心血管系统的结构、功能有重要的影响.超声心动图是评估胎儿心脏结构及功能的最佳方法.     

1例妊娠糖尿病合并酮症酸中毒致死胎的抢救及护理

妊娠糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠前无糖尿病、亦无糖耐量减低病史的妇女,于妊娠期发生或发现的各种葡萄糖耐量减低或明显的糖尿病,其患病率近年来有增加趋势,达到2.31%.因妊娠期间血糖波动较大,易受诱因的影响而发生糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)[1].南京医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科收治1例GDM合并DKA致死胎患者,经积极抢救和精心护理,患者病情基本平稳, 10 d后出院.     

妊娠期降糖药的使用

妊娠期糖尿病是指妊娠期发生和发现的不同程度的糖耐量异常.近年来随着围生医学的发展,妊娠期糖尿病的发生率有所增加,除与产科医生对妊娠期糖尿病认识的进一步加深外,还与近年来人们生活水平的提高有一定的关系.据上海市妊娠期糖尿病的流行病调查结果,上海市妊娠期糖尿病的发病率可达3.6%,当然其中不是每一个妊娠妇女都需要用降糖药,大约只有10%的妊娠期糖尿病的妇女需要用药物控制血糖.     

妊娠期糖尿病的健康保健问题

妊娠合并糖尿病是孕期最常见的并发症之一，发生率可高达5％～20％，包括糖尿病合并妊娠和妊娠期糖尿病2种。（GE—stational diabetes mellitus，GDM）妊娠期糖尿病指的是妊娠期间才发现的糖尿病或糖耐量减低的病状。     

对妊娠期糖尿病的认识

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期发生或发现的糖尿病,发生率占孕妇的1%～5%.其中怀孕前已患有糖尿病(1型或2型)者,占糖尿病孕妇的10%～20%;妊娠期才出现和发现的糖尿病和妊娠糖耐量降低(GIGT),约占糖尿病孕妇的80%以上.     

1例妊娠糖尿病合并酮症酸中毒致死胎的抢救及护理

妊娠糖尿病（GDM）是指妊娠前无糖尿病、亦无糖耐量减低病史的妇女，于妊娠期发生或发现的各种葡萄糖耐量减低或明显的糖尿病，其患病率近年来有增加趋势，达到2．31％。因妊娠期间血糖波动较大，易受诱因的影响而发生糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）^[1]。南京医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科收治1例GDM合并DKA致死胎患者，经积极抢救和精心护理，患者病情基本平稳，10d后出院。     

妊娠期糖尿病合并生殖道感染分析与护理

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期发生的糖尿病,是一种产科常见病,而感染是GDM的常见并发症,直接影响孕产妇的健康.妊娠糖尿病妇女由于内分泌及免疫状态的改变容易感染病原体,导致生殖道感染(reproductive tract infection,RTI).我院通过对42例妊娠期糖尿病合并生殖道感染孕妇的相关因素进行分析并提出了预防护理措施,以减少对母婴造成的不良影响.现报道如下.     

癌症病人的临终关怀与护理

简要阐明了临终关怀护理的发展及其服务机构的形式 ,综述了癌症病人临终关怀护理的重点是控制症状、给予病人及其家属心理支持 ,提出护理人员有责任开展和宣传临终关怀的意义 ,提高临终关怀的护理质量。     

Patients' conceptions of quality care and barrier care

AIM: To describe patients' conceptions of quality care and barrier care. METHODS: As this study concerned conceptions of care, a phenomenographic approach was chosen. Fourteen adult orthopaedic patients participated. Data-collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data were analysed with two foci, conceptions of quality care and conceptions of barrier care. Different categories of understanding, that is, conceptions, constitute the the essential outcome of phenomenographic analysis. The research was conducted in one county hospital and in one regional hospital situated in different cities in the south of Sweden. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients' conceptions of quality care resulted in six categories. When comparing the findings with previous research in this field, the findings of the present study confirmed to a large extent the findings from other studies of quality care. Patients' conceptions of barrier care resulted in five categoris. The conceptions of barrier care must be considered as elements in patients' conceptions of quality care, and this must be called atention to in efforts to measure patient satisfaction and in analyses of good care. It also can influence health care workers' compliance to guidelines in infection control procedures.     

Effects of resident-oriented care on quality of care, wellbeing and satisfaction with care

In a resident-oriented care model applied in nursing homes, the residents are assigned to primary nurses. These primary nurses are responsible for the total care of the residents assigned to them. The purpose of the present study, using a pretest, post-test and control group quasi-experimental design, was to evaluate the effects of the implementation of resident-oriented care on the following aspects of quality of care: coordination of care, instrumental aspects, expressive aspects, resident wellbeing and satisfaction with care, and family satisfaction with care. The study was carried out on somatic and psycho-geriatric wards in three nursing homes in the Netherlands. Data were collected by questionnaires, interviews and observations. The results of the study showed that the intervention was partly successful in the experimental group. Some aspects of the resident-oriented care model were not clearly evident. Moreover, the effects on quality-of-care aspects were limited. The results revealed that the 'coordination of care' increased on half of the experimental wards. Furthermore, there was an indication that 'expressive aspects' changed in favour of the experimental wards. The implementation of resident-oriented care had no effect on resident wellbeing and satisfaction or on family satisfaction. Finally, the results are discussed in the light of some methodological limitations that often go together with intervention studies in the real world.     

护理人文关怀与住院患者对护理工作满意度的相关性研究

目的 探讨护理人文关怀与住院患者对护理工作满意度两者之间的关系。 方法 采用护理关怀行为评价量表及住院患者对护理工作满意度问卷对住院的120例患者进行调查。 结果 不同患者年龄、性别、受教育程度、婚姻情况对患者对护理人员护理关怀行为需求不同;除了与鼓励患者情感的表达这一维度相关性无统计学意义外,护理关怀行为各维度与住院患者护理工作满意度呈正相关。 结论 人文关怀在临床护理中的应用可以有效的提高住院患者的满意度。     

强直性脊柱炎病人的康复治疗及护理

强直性脊柱炎目前尚无根治方法,国内外均强调早期诊断和综合治疗。现从体育疗法、物理疗法、中医药疗法等方面介绍强直性脊柱炎的非药物康复治疗及护理。