Characterization of neural stem cells on electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffold

Nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds were fabricated by an electrospinning technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimeter, atomic force microscopy and contact-angle test. The produced PLLA fibers with diameters ranging from 150 to 350 nm were randomly orientated with interconnected pores varying from several microm to about 140 microm in-between to form a three-dimensional architecture, which resembles the natural extracellular matrix structure in human body. The in vitro cell culture study was performed and the results indicate that the nanofibrous scaffold not only supports neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and neurites out-growth, but also promotes NSC adhesion. The favorable interaction between the NSCs and the nanofibrous scaffold may be due to the greatly improved surface roughness of the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. As evidenced by this study, the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold is expected to play a significant role in neural tissue engineering.     

Electrospinning of nano/micro scale poly(L-lactic acid) aligned fibers and their potential in neural tissue engineering

Efficacy of aligned poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nano/micro fibrous scaffolds for neural tissue engineering is described and their performance with random PLLA scaffolds is compared as well in this study. Perfectly aligned PLLA fibrous scaffolds were fabricated by an electrospinning technique under optimum condition and the diameter of the electrospun fibers can easily be tailored by adjusting the concentration of polymer solution. As the structure of PLLA scaffold was intended for neural tissue engineering, its suitability was evaluated in vitro using neural stem cells (NSCs) as a model cell line. Cell morphology, differentiation and neurite outgrowth were studied by various microscopic techniques. The results show that the direction of NSC elongation and its neurite outgrowth is parallel to the direction of PLLA fibers for aligned scaffolds. No significant changes were observed on the cell orientation with respect to the fiber diameters. However, the rate of NSC differentiation was higher for PLLA nanofibers than that of micro fibers and it was independent of the fiber alignment. Based on the experimental results, the aligned nanofibrous PLLA scaffold could be used as a potential cell carrier in neural tissue engineering.     

聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖电纺丝纳米纤维支架与兔内皮祖细胞的生物相容性

背景：电纺丝技术能够使许多高分子材料制备出与细胞外基质相似的三维纳米纤维支架。聚乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维复合支架材料能够克服材料的不足,提高组织工程支架生物相容性。 目的：评价聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖电纺丝纳米纤维支架与兔内皮祖细胞的生物相容性。 方法：电纺丝技术制备聚左旋乳酸,壳聚糖,聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖的纳米纤维支架,扫描电镜观察其形貌结构。纳米纤维支架与内皮祖细胞进行复合培养后,观察细胞在不同材料上的黏附率、一氧化氮分泌,生长特征和在聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维支架上的细胞表型特征。 结果与结论：聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维支架比聚左旋乳酸、壳聚糖具有更合适的纤维直径,具有与细胞外基质相似的纳米纤维三维多孔结构。聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖纳米纤维支架能够促进内皮祖细胞黏附率和细胞的一氧化氮分泌(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。内皮祖细胞能够在聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖复合材料膜上融合成片,保持了细胞的完整形态和分化功能,显示了内皮细胞特异性的vWF表型。提示聚左旋乳酸/壳聚糖电纺丝纳米纤维支架与兔内皮祖细胞具有良好的生物相容性。     

牙周膜细胞在网格型与无纺型聚乳酸纳米纤维支架材料上体外培养的研究比较

研究对比牙周膜细胞在无纺型和网格型聚乳酸纳米纤维膜上的生长行为,探讨支架结构对细胞生长的影响.采用静电纺丝技术,用金属平板或金属网分别接收,得到无纺型和网格型聚乳酸纳米纤维膜;通过SEM观察两种支架形貌差异,并测试比较它们的力学性能.通过MTT测试和SEM观察,比较无纺型和网格型纳米纤维膜对细胞生长的影响.实验结果:网格型膜的纤维直径平均为500～600 nm;无纺型膜的纤维直径大于网格型膜,平均直径约为700 nm,但网格型膜的拉伸断裂应变略大.牙周细胞与支架联合培养的MTT结果显示,与在聚苯乙烯(TCPS) 培养板上的培养比较,两种纳米纤维膜都显示出促进细胞增殖的效果,其中网格膜的促进效果比无纺膜更加明显.SEM观察的结果显示,细胞无法进入无纺型膜内部生长,而网格型膜中由疏松纤维堆积形成的大孔结构则非常有利于细胞进入支架内部,细胞在后者上生长良好.因此,网格型纳米纤维支架是一种优于纤维为完全无纺排布的支架,更适用于组织工程研究.     

Mineralization of hydroxyapatite in electrospun nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds

A highly porous electrospun poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffold was used as a matrix for mineralization of hydroxyapatite. The mineralization process could be initiated by immersing the electrospun scaffold in the simulated body fluids (SBF) at 37 degrees C for varying periods of time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the composition and the structure of the deposited mineral on the nanofiber surface. Results indicated that the mineral phase was a carbonated apatite with thin flake-like nanostructures. The effects of functional groups on the scaffold surface and anionic additives in the incubation fluids on the nucleation and growth of the mineral were investigated. It was found that a minuscule amount of anionic additives (e.g., citric acid and poly-L-aspartic acid) in the SBF could effectively inhibit the mineral growth. Surface modification of the scaffold was carried out by hydrolysis of PLLA scaffold in NaOH aqueous solution, where carboxylic acid groups were produced without compromising the scaffold integrity. The mineralization process from modified PLLA electrospun scaffolds was significantly enhanced because the calcium ions can bind to the carboxylate groups on the fiber surface.     

Cellular Migration to Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid) Fibermats

Abstract

Nonwoven fabrics prepared via an electrospinning method, so-called electrospun fibermats, are expected to be promising scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering. In the present work, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibermats, consisting of fibers with diameters ranging from 1 to 10 μm, were prepared by electrospinning. Mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1) were seeded on the fibermats with various fiber diameters (10, 5 and 2 μm; they are denoted by samples A, B and C, respectively) and cultured in two different directions in order to compare the migration behaviours into the scaffold of the normal condition and the anti-gravity condition. The cells in/on the fibermats were observed by laser confocal microscopy to estimate the cellular migration ability into them. When the MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the normal direction, the thickness of their layer increased to approx. 90 μm in the sample A, consisting of 10-μm fibers after 13 days of culture, while that in the sample C, consisting of 2-μm fibers, did not increase. When the MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the anti-gravity condition, the thickness of the cell layer in the sample A increased to approx. 60 μm. These results mean that the MC3T3-E1 cells migrated into the inside of sample A in either the normal direction or the anti-gravity one. The cellular proliferation showed no significant difference among the fibermats with three different fiber diameters; MC3T3-E1 cells on the fibermat with 2 μm fiber diameter grew two-dimensionally, while they grew three-dimensionally in the fibermat with 10 μm fiber diameter.     

Femtosecond laser ablation enhances cell infiltration into three-dimensional electrospun scaffolds

Electrospun scaffolds are used extensively in tissue-engineering applications as they offer a cell-friendly microenvironment. However, one major limitation is the dense fibers, small pore size and consequently poor cell infiltration. Here, we employ a femtosecond (FS) laser system to ablate and create microscale features on electrospun poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds. Upon determining the ablation parameters, we pattern structured holes with diameters of 50, 100 and 200 μm and spacings of 50 and 200 μm between adjacent holes on the scaffolds. The elastic moduli of ablated scaffolds decrease with the decrease in spacing and the increase in hole size. Cells seeded on the laser-ablated scaffolds exhibit different morphology but similar proliferation rate when compared with control (non-ablated) scaffold. Furthermore, animal studies indicate that ablated scaffolds facilitate endothelial cell ingrowth as well as drastically increase M2 macrophage and overall cell infiltration. These findings demonstrate that FS laser ablation can be used to increase cell infiltration into nanofibrous scaffolds. Laser ablation not only can create desired features in micrometer length scale but also presents a new approach in the fabrication of three-dimensional porous constructs for tissue engineering.     

Electrospun three-dimensional hyaluronic acid nanofibrous scaffolds

A three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronic acid (HA) nanofibrous scaffold was successfully fabricated to mimic the architecture of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) based on electrospinning. Thiolated HA derivative, 3,3'-dithiobis(propanoic dihydrazide)-modified HA (HA-DTPH), was synthesized and electrospun to form 3D nanofibrous scaffolds. In order to facilitate the fiber formation during electrospinning, Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) was added into the aqueous solution of HA-DTPH at an optimal weight ratio of 1:1. The electrospun HA-DTPH/PEO blend scaffold was subsequently cross-linked through poly (ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) mediated conjugate addition. PEO was then extracted in DI water to obtain an electrospun HA-DTPH nanofibrous scaffold. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on fibronectin-adsorbed HA-DTPH nanofibrous scaffolds for 24h in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the 3T3 fibroblasts attached to the scaffold and spread, demonstrating an extended dendritic morphology within the scaffold, which suggests potential applications of HA-DTPH nanofibrous scaffolds in cell encapsulation and tissue regeneration.     

New ureteral scaffold constructed with composite poly(L-lactic acid)-collagen and urothelial cells by new centrifugal seeding system

A tissue-engineered ureteral scaffold was constructed with composited poly L-lactic acid (PLLA)-collagen endoluminal stent and uroepithelial cells (UECs) using a new seeding system. The electrospun PLLA-collagen nanofibrous mesh was seeded efficiently with human ureteral epithelial cells using a modified centrifugal seeding device. The cellular nanofibrous mesh was then wound around a spiral endoluminal stent to form a cellular composited PLLA-collagen ureteral scaffold. The cellular ureteral scaffold was subcutaneously implanted into nude mice. Cell attachment, distribution, and viability in vitro were investigated along with the cell fate in vivo. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed that scaffolds seeded with centrifugal method had higher cellular activity than scaffolds seeded with static method (p < 0.05), and the metabolic activity per cell had no significant differences between the two methods (p > 0.05). Histologic analysis showed that the entrapped UECs remained in the scaffolds after 2 wk of implantation. The results of the study indicated that the composited PLLA-collagen endoluminal stent could serve as alternative cell carrier for tissue engineering ureter. In addition, the new modified centrifugal seeding system allowed rapid homogeneous distribution of cells onto the nanofibrous mesh, which will be useful to ureteral reconstruction.     

Highly porous electrospun nanofibers enhanced by ultrasonication for improved cellular infiltration

A significant problem that affects tissue-engineered electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds is poor infiltration of cells into the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Physical manipulation can enhance cellular infiltration into electrospun scaffolds. The porosity of electrospun nanofibers was highly enlarged by ultrasonication in an aqueous solution. The porosity and related property changes on a series of nanofibers were observed to be dependent on ultrasonication time and energy. To evaluate cell infiltration into the scaffold, fibroblasts were seeded onto these nanofibers and cultured for different lengths of time. The penetration levels of these cells into the scaffold were monitored using confocal lazer scanning microscopy. The cell infiltration potential was greatly increased with regard to an increase in pore size and porosity. These 3D nanofibrous scaffolds fabricated by an ultrasonication process allowed cells to infiltrate easily into the scaffold. This approach shows great promise for design of cell permeable nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications.     

Electrospun Biomimic Nanofibrous Scaffolds of Silk Fibroin/Hyaluronic Acid for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

This study aimed to fabricate nanofibrous scaffolds which could biomimic the natural extracellular matrix from aqueous solutions of silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid blends (SF/HA) by means of electrospinning. Scanning electronic microscopy results indicated that electrospun SF/HA nanofibers were ribbon-shaped and their average width obviously decreased with the increase of HA content. However, there is no fiber observed when the volume of HA further increased to 50% of overall volume. After being treated with 75% ethanol vapor for 24 h, the fibers still remained their fibrous morphologies and presented good capability of water-resistance. Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, ¹³C-CP-MAS nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that HA did not induce SF conformation from random coil to β-sheet. SF conformation converted from random coil to β-sheet after being treated with 75% ethanol vapor. Cell viability studies demonstrated that SF/HA nanofibrous scaffolds significantly promoted cell proliferation. Electrospun SF/HA nanofibers may provide an ideal biomimic tissue-engineering scaffold or vehicle for water-soluble drugs.     

Dual-Drug Encapsulation and Release from Core–Shell Nanofibers

The purpose of this work was to develop a type of tissue-engineering scaffold or drug-delivery carrier with the capability of encapsulation and controlled release of dual drugs. In this study, Rhodamine B and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were successfully incorporated into nanofibers by means of blending or coaxial electrospinning. The morphology of composite nanofibers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite nanofibrous mats made from coaxial electrospinning were characterized by X-ray diffraction. In vitro dual-drug release behaviors from composite nanofibrous mats were investigated. From the drug-release profiles, it shows that the location where the drug or protein is put into (into the core or shell of the nanofibers) can affect the drug-release profile in the coaxially electrospun fibers. The results imply that the drug- and/or protein-release profile in composite fibrous mats made from electrospinning can be controlled by altering the coaxial electrospinning process and has significant implications for a wide range of applications such as tissue regeneration, combined therapies or even cancer treatments.     

Poly(lactic acid) scaffold fabricated by gelatin particle leaching has good biocompatibility for chondrogenesis

Three-dimensional poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds with high porosity and an average pore size of 280–450 μm were fabricated using gelatin particles as porogen. The particles were bonded together by incubation in saturated water vapor at 70°C for 3.5 h. After casting the PLLA/1,4-dioxane solution, freeze-drying and porogen leaching with 70°C water, a porous scaffold with well-interconnected pores and some nano-fibers was obtained. The biological performance of the scaffold was evaluated by in vitro chondrocyte culture and in vivo implantation. In comparison with the control scaffold fabricated with NaCl particles as porogen under the same conditions, the experimental scaffold had better biological performance because the gelatin molecules were stably entrapped onto the pore surfaces. A larger number of cells in the experimental scaffold were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy after the viable cells had been stained with fluorescein diacetate. The chondrocytes showed more spreading morphology. Higher cytoviability and secretion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were also determined in the experimental scaffold. After implantation of the chondrocytes/PLLA scaffold construct to the subcutaneous dorsum of nude mice for 30–120 days, cartilage-like specimens were harvested. Histological examination showed that the regenerated cartilages had a large quantity of collagen and GAG.     

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-based nanofibrous scaffolds to support functional esophageal epithelial cells towards engineering the esophagus

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and PHBV–gelatin were electrospun to obtain defect-free nanofibers by optimizing various process and solution parameters. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and wettability of PHBV–gelatin nanofibrous scaffold were determined and compared with PHBV nanofibrous scaffold. Our results demonstrate that PHBV–gelatin nanofibers exhibited higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus than the PHBV nanofibers. Human esophageal epithelial cells (HEEpiC) were cultured on PHBV and PHBV–gelatin nanofiber showed better cell proliferation in PHBV nanofibrous scaffold than the PHBV–gelatin scaffold after 7?days of culture. HEEpiC cultured on PHBV and PHBV–gelatin nanofibrous scaffold exhibited characteristic epithelial cobblestone morphology after 3 days of culture. Further, the HEEpiC extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (collagen type IV and laminin) and phenotypic marker proteins (cytokeratin-4 and 14) expressions were significantly higher in PHBV–gelatin nanofibrous scaffold than the PHBV nanofiber scaffold. However, the long-term stability and functional state of the cells on the PHBV scaffold give it an edge over the blend scaffolds. Thus, PHBV-based nanofibrous scaffolds could be explored further as ECM substitutes for the regeneration of esophageal tissue.     

Electrospun nanofiber fabrication as synthetic extracellular matrix and its potential for vascular tissue engineering

Substantial effort is being invested by the bioengineering community to develop biodegradable polymer scaffolds suitable for tissue-engineering applications. An ideal scaffold should mimic the structural and purposeful profile of materials found in the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture. To accomplish this goal, poly (L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL)] (75:25) copolymer with a novel architecture produced by an electrospinning process has been developed for tissue-engineering applications. The diameter of this electrospun P(LLA-CL) fiber ranges from 400 to 800 nm, which mimicks the nanoscale dimension of native ECM. The mechanical properties of this structure are comparable to those of human coronary artery. To evaluate the feasibility of using this nanofibrous scaffold as a synthetic extracellular matrix for culturing human smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, these two types of cells were seeded on the scaffold for 7 days. The data from scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemical examination, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and a cell proliferation assay suggested that this electrospun nanofibrous scaffold is capable of supporting cell attachment and proliferation. Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells seeded on this scaffold tend to maintain their phenotypic shape. They were also found to integrate with the nanofibers to form a three-dimensional cellular network. These results indicate a favorable interaction between this synthetic nanofibrous scaffold with the two types of cells and suggest its potential application in tissue engineering a blood vessel substitute.     

Rapid Mineralization of Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

We investigated different techniques to enhance calcium phosphate mineral precipitation onto electrospun poly(_L-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds when incubated in concentrated simulated body fluid (SBF), 10×SBF. The techniques included the use of vacuum, pre-treatment with 0.1 M NaOH and electrospinning gelatin/PLLA blends as means to increase overall mineral precipitation and distribution throughout the scaffolds. Mineral precipitation was evaluated using environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping and the determination of the mineral weight percents. In addition we evaluated the effect of the techniques on mechanical properties, cellular attachment and cellular proliferation on scaffolds. Two treatments, pre-treatment with NaOH and incorporation of 10% gelatin into PLLA solution, both in combination with vacuum, resulted in significantly higher degrees of mineralization (16.55 and 15.14%, respectively) and better mineral distribution on surfaces and through the cross-sections after 2 h of exposure to 10×SBF. While both scaffold groups supported cell attachment and proliferation, 10% gelatin/PLLA scaffolds had significantly higher yield stress (1.73 vs 0.56 MPa) and elastic modulus (107 vs 44 MPa) than NaOH-pre-treated scaffolds.     

Tailoring fiber diameter in electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) scaffolds for optimal cellular infiltration in cardiovascular tissue engineering

Despite the attractive features of nanofibrous scaffolds for cell attachment in tissue-engineering (TE) applications, impeded cell ingrowth has been reported in electrospun scaffolds. Previous findings have shown that the scaffold can function as a sieve, keeping cells on the scaffold surface, and that cell migration into the scaffold does not occur in time. Because fiber diameter is directly related to the pore size of an electrospun scaffold, the objective of this study was to systematically evaluate how cell delivery can be optimized by tailoring the fiber diameter of electrospun poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds. Five groups of electrospun PCL scaffolds with increasing average fiber diameters (3.4-12.1 microm) were seeded with human venous myofibroblasts. Cell distribution was analyzed after 3 days of culture. Cell penetration increased proportionally with increasing fiber diameter. Unobstructed delivery of cells was observed exclusively in the scaffold with the largest fiber diameter (12.1 microm). This scaffold was subsequently evaluated in a 4-week TE experiment and compared with a poly(glycolic acid)-poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) scaffold, a standard scaffold used successfully in cardiovascular tissue engineering applications. The PCL constructs showed homogeneous tissue formation and sufficient matrix deposition. In conclusion, fiber diameter is a crucial parameter to allow for homogeneous cell delivery in electrospun scaffolds. The optimal electrospun scaffold geometry, however, is not generic and should be adjusted to cell size.     

Cell infiltration and growth in a low density, uncompressed three-dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffold

A limiting factor of traditional electrospinning is that the electrospun scaffolds consist entirely of tightly packed nanofiber layers that only provide a superficial porous structure due to the sheet-like assembly process. This unavoidable characteristic hinders cell infiltration and growth throughout the nanofibrous scaffolds. Numerous strategies have been tried to overcome this challenge, including the incorporation of nanoparticles, using larger microfibers, or removing embedded salt or water-soluble fibers to increase porosity. However, these methods still produce sheet-like nanofibrous scaffolds, failing to create a porous three-dimensional scaffold with good structural integrity. Thus, we have developed a three-dimensional cotton ball-like electrospun scaffold that consists of an accumulation of nanofibers in a low density and uncompressed manner. Instead of a traditional flat-plate collector, a grounded spherical dish and an array of needle-like probes were used to create a Focused, Low density, Uncompressed nanoFiber (FLUF) mesh scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cotton ball-like scaffold consisted of electrospun nanofibers with a similar diameter but larger pores and less-dense structure compared to the traditional electrospun scaffolds. In addition, laser confocal microscopy demonstrated an open porosity and loosely packed structure throughout the depth of the cotton ball-like scaffold, contrasting the superficially porous and tightly packed structure of the traditional electrospun scaffold. Cells seeded on the cotton ball-like scaffold infiltrated into the scaffold after 7 days of growth, compared to no penetrating growth for the traditional electrospun scaffold. Quantitative analysis showed approximately a 40% higher growth rate for cells on the cotton ball-like scaffold over a 7 day period, possibly due to the increased space for in-growth within the three-dimensional scaffolds. Overall, this method assembles a nanofibrous scaffold that is more advantageous for highly porous interconnectivity and demonstrates great potential for tackling current challenges of electrospun scaffolds.     

Fabrication and characterization of modified nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) scaffolds by thermally induced phase separation technique and aminolysis for promoting cyctocompatibility

Modified nanofibrous Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds were fabricated by aminolysis combined with thermally induced phase separation technique using PLLA/1,4-dioxane/urea-NaOH-H₂O system at ?40 °C freeze temperature. Aminolysis led to the modification of scaffold resulting in enhancement in the bioactivity. The surface of the modified nanofibrous scaffold provided a good environment for attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 subclone 14 cells, exhibiting significant potential for bone tissue regeneration and for promoting cytocompatibility.     

Guided orientation of cardiomyocytes on electrospun aligned nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering

Cardiac tissue engineering (TE) is one of the most promising strategies to reconstruct the infarct myocardium and the major challenge involves producing a bioactive scaffold with anisotropic properties that assist in cell guidance to mimic the heart tissue. In this study, random and aligned poly(ε-caprolactone)/gelatin (PG) composite nanofibrous scaffolds were electrospun to structurally mimic the oriented extracellular matrix (ECM). Morphological, chemical and mechanical properties of the electrospun PG nanofibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and tensile measurements. Results indicated that PG nanofibrous scaffolds possessed smaller fiber diameters (239 ± 37 nm for random fibers and 269 ± 33 nm for aligned fibers), increased hydrophilicity, and lower stiffness compared to electrospun PCL nanofibers. The aligned PG nanofibers showed anisotropic wetting characteristics and mechanical properties, which closely match the requirements of native cardiac anisotropy. Rabbit cardiomyocytes were cultured on electrospun random and aligned nanofibers to assess the biocompatibility of scaffolds, together with its potential for cell guidance. The SEM and immunocytochemical analysis showed that the aligned PG scaffold greatly promoted cell attachment and alignment because of the biological components and ordered topography of the scaffolds. Moreover, we concluded that the aligned PG nanofibrous scaffolds could be more promising substrates suitable for the regeneration of infarct myocardium and other cardiac defects.