不同能量二极管激光睫状体光凝的实验研究

目的：比较不同能量二极管激光睫状体光凝对家兔眼压的影响。方法：采用Ｖｉｓｕｌａｒｓ ＤｉｏｄｅⅡ二极管激光对两组有色素兔和一组无色素兔进行接触式经巩膜睫状体光凝术。激光击射部位在角巩膜缘后１～１．２ｍｍ,聚焦于睫状体,沿角巩膜缘共击射２４点,第一组有色素兔使用能产生爆破声的临界能量。第二组有色素兔用较低的能量,第三组无色素兔用相当高的能量。随访并记录２月的眼压及不良反应。结果：二极和激光睫状体光凝术可显著降低眼压,其中使用较高能量的有色素兔组具有最好的降眼压效果。结论：睫状体光凝的降眼压效果与激光能量、击射点数和术眼所含色素的多少有关。     

二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼

目的:研究二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼的有效性及激光治疗参数。方法:对我院收治的50例50眼晚期难治性青光眼患者行二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术,记录每位患者所用能量,击射范围,光凝点数,爆破点数,观察患者治疗前后的眼压、眼部症状,视力、裂隙灯观察眼前节的改变和并发症等。结果:术后平均眼压(18.50±2.50)mmHg,术后眼压较术前明显下降(P<0.01)。术后46眼疼痛明显减轻,术前术后眼压差值与击射能量的相关性不高;眼压下降值与击射范围、击射点数呈正相关性,眼压下降值与爆破点数显著相关,呈正相关性。结论:二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼是一种安全有效的方法,激光治疗参数需根据术前眼压、不同类型青光眼进行设计。     

二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼

目的 观察二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析北京同仁医院2007年9月至2008年8月107例(110眼)难治性晚期青光眼患者临床资料,均行二极管睫状体光凝,分析术后眼压、疼痛感、视力、并发症等情况.结果 术后第1天平均眼压(15.90±12.30)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),术后1周平均眼压(14.70±5.21)mmHg,术后1个月平均眼压(14.02±9.50)mmHg,术后3个月平均眼压(14.51±11.30)mmHg,术前与术后第1天、1周、1个月及3个月眼压差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.01).术后89眼(80.9%)视力不变,17眼(15.5%)视力下降,4眼(3.6%)视力提高.83.6%的患者眼痛症状明显缓解或消失.术后发生前房渗出12眼(10.9%),前房积血6眼(5.4%),玻璃体积血2眼(1.8%),巩膜溶解2眼(1.8%),巩膜穿孔1眼(0.9%).结论 二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术是治疗难治性晚期青光眼的有效方法,能显著降低眼压,减少患者痛苦,并发症少,可重复治疗.     

二极管激光睫状体光凝术后的病理改变

目的通过观察二极管激光睫状体光凝术后的眼球病理改变来进一步研究二极管激光睫状体光凝术的降眼压机制,指导临床。方法我院于2003年1月开始应用二极管激光睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼和晚期青光眼,至2004年12月共治疗115例,因初期治疗能量和击射点数不足,致4位患者未能达到预期疗效,患者惧怕二次手术而要求行眼球摘除术,1位患者因角膜内皮功能失代偿继发角膜感染而行眼球摘除术,获得病理资料。5例患者术前均为新生血管性青光眼绝对期,眼球摘除距二极管激光睫状体光凝术时间分别为20d、1m、2m、4m和1y。结果病理所见:眼球大体未见明显改变,均为新生血管性青光眼。前房内有渗出或出血,视神经萎缩,视网膜内出血,睫状体表层巩膜有充血。睫状体部位主要表现为:(1)无色素细胞的空泡变、萎缩或轻度增生;(2)色素上皮细胞破碎、分解、脱颗粒,部分色素上皮细胞萎缩;(3)睫状突基质纤维变性。在二极管激光术后早期眼球病理所见主要为睫状体色素上皮细胞色素颗粒分解游离、细胞有破碎,睫状突基质内血管变细。在术后晚期眼球病理所见主要为睫状体无色素上皮细胞萎缩,有较广泛的空泡样变性,睫状突变短、萎缩。结论二极管激光的降眼压机理是以破坏睫状上皮,睫状体萎缩,减少房水产生为主,血管损伤也有不可忽视的作用。治疗失败的原因主要是未将睫状突放在激光治疗范围内。因此二极管激光睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼和晚期青光眼是安全有效的。     

经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼

目的　评价难治性青光眼行二极管激光巩膜睫状体光凝 (transcleraldiodelasercyclophotocoagulation ,TDLCP)的有效性和安全性。方法　观察 6 6例 6 6眼行TDLCP治疗前后用抗青光眼药物的种类、患者的自觉症状、治疗前后眼压、视力及术后并发症 ,随访 1a。结果　抗青光眼药物种类手术前后分别平均为 2 .6种 (1～ 4种 )和 1.8种 (0～ 3种 ) ,治疗后比治疗前用药明显减少 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后 5 5例疼痛消失 ,9例疼痛明显减轻 ,2例仍有明显疼痛。治疗前后平均眼压分别为 (35 .2± 7.9)mmHg(18～ 80mmHg) (1kPa =7.5mmHg)及(19.5± 6 .2 )mmHg(4～ 6 8mmHg) ,眼压平均下降 15 .4mmHg ,治疗前后有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后视力提高10眼 ,视力无变化 4 0眼 ,视力下降 16眼。术后并发症为早期前房炎症反应 4 2眼 ,前房出血 5眼 ,角膜水肿 2 3眼 ,术眼光感丧失 5眼 ,眼球萎缩 3眼。结论　虽然经巩膜睫状体光凝术后会发生前房出血、低眼压、眼球萎缩等并发症 ,但其能显著降低眼压、减少患者痛苦并可减少抗青光眼用药 ,因此仍为目前治疗难治性青光眼的一种有效治疗方法     

二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗先天性小眼球合并青光眼

目的：观察二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗先天性小眼球合并青光眼持续性高眼压的临床效果。 方法：回顾性自身对照研究,收集2009-01/2011-01在邢台眼科医院收治的先天性小眼球继发青光眼持续性高眼压并行二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术的患者5例7眼。观察手术前后视力、眼压、并发症情况,并进行统计学处理。 结果：术后随访期间全部患者眼痛症状均缓解。术前平均眼压为52.56±7.31mmHg,术后1mo平均眼压17.8±47mmHg,6mo随访时平均眼压14.18±4.53mmHg,术后1mo及6mo眼压与术前相比,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后平均视力(0.127±0.165)较术前(0.0334±00322)提高,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。光凝术后5眼(71.4%)视力提高,2眼(28.6%)视力无变化,术后均有前房炎症反应伴前房渗出,药物治疗后消失。 结论：二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗先天性小眼球合并青光眼持续性高眼压,疗效确切,可降低眼压,缓解疼痛,并发症少。     

不同点数半导体二极管激光经巩膜睫状体光凝对兔眼压影响的实验研究

目的研究不同点数半导体二极管激光睫状体光凝对兔眼压的影响及其病理变化。方法用波长为810nm半导体二极管激光对2组灰兔进行睫状体光凝,采用相同的能量不同的点数,并设一组对照,记录4周的眼压变化情况及不良反应,4周后取兔眼标本做睫状体的病理切片。结果光凝后2组灰兔的眼压均下降,随时间的增加,眼压有所回升,2组灰兔术前术后眼压变化值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),光凝后睫状体的病理变化主要为睫状上皮的破坏和睫状体基质血管的充血及出血,并且激光的点数越多,对睫状体的破坏程度越严重。结论半导体二极管激光睫状体光凝的降眼压效果和激光击射的点数有关,不同点数的激光对睫状体有不同程度的破坏作用。     

Nd：YAG激光经巩膜睫状体光凝的实验研究

用一种廉价的激光聚焦头和连续波Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光机连接，在一组有色家兔眼实施了接触式经巩膜睫状体光凝。实验观察了激光聚集头的位置和能量水平对睫状体的破坏，以及光凝后眼压的变化。结果表明：聚焦头位于角巩缘后１．０ｍｍ，５Ｊ的能量可使睫状体产生明显的破坏，而巩膜没有损害。每只眼实施１２个光凝点可使眼压持续显著地下降。实践证明这种廉价的聚焦头可以替代昂贵的蓝宝石聚焦头进行经巩膜睫状体光凝。     

改良二极管激光睫状体光凝术治疗中晚期青光眼

目的探讨经巩膜二极管激光睫状体光凝术(transscleral cyclophotocoagulation,TDLC)激光斑点数的选择治疗中晚期青光眼患者的疗效。方法连续收集2009年7月至2010年3月在我院接受TDLC治疗的不同类型中晚期青光眼患者27例27眼。根据青光眼患者术前眼压由低到高分为3组:在激光功率和持续时间(1500ms)不变的情况下,给予不同激光斑点数。随访术后1d、7d、14d、30d、60d、90d和180d的眼压,观察术后的近、中期效果。结果 27例27眼患者术前眼压为27～72(53.15±10.85)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),术后1d眼压为(28.78±7.40)mmHg,术后180d眼压为(18.37±2.02)mmHg。术后各阶段眼压平稳下降,并最终达到或接近正常眼压。术后任何同一时间点,90点组的术前术后眼压差都比70点组高,27例患者术后均未见视力下降发生。结论在激光功率和持续时间不变的情况下,按术前眼压给予不同的激光斑点数能更有效地控制术后眼压,不会增加并发症的发生和降低术后视力。     

眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝的组织病理学研究

目的 探讨眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝后兔眼睫状体细胞的变化发展过程，为临床研究提供参考资料。方法取20只青紫蓝兔进行眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝，在光凝后即刻、3d、1周、1个月和3个月光镜和透射电镜观察睫状突的结构变化过程。结果光凝后即刻睫状突组织破坏，基质血管扩张。以后组织破坏加重并出现上皮囊肿。随时问推移，睫状体组织结构紊乱，有形成分减少。结论眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝可有效地破坏睫状突结构，并使这种破坏呈不可逆。安全性好，对周围组织无破坏，是一种较为理想的青光眼治疗方法。     

兔眼内窥镜下和经巩膜睫状体光凝术的组织病理学对比研究

目的探讨兔眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝术后组织病理学改变，并与经巩膜睫状体光凝术进行对比。方法正常灰兔5只，1只为正常对照，余每只兔随机选择1只眼行眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝术，另1只眼行经巩膜睫状体光凝术。术后第1、2、4、6周分别处死1只兔，取兔眼进行组织病理检查，对比睫状体病理改变及光凝部位的炎症反应。结果眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝术有效地破坏睫状突上皮细胞，光凝组织炎症反应轻，但均出现晶状体局限性混浊。经巩膜睫状体光凝术有效地破坏睫状突上皮细胞，但无色素上皮细胞有部分残留。结论与经巩膜睫状体光凝术相比，眼内窥镜下睫状体光凝术对无色素上皮细胞作用更彻底，对光凝部位的损伤轻微。     

兔眼内窥镜与经巩膜睫状体光凝术的组织病理学特点比较

目的比较内窥镜睫状体光凝术（ECP）与经巩膜睫状体光凝术（TSCP）的睫状体组织病理学改变特点,了解ECP的降眼压机制。方法取健康成年青紫蓝兔30只,选择1只眼行ECP,对侧眼行TSCP,另取2只兔为正常对照组。手术后的第1、3、5、7、14、28、42、56灭行裂隙灯及眼压测量。术后第7、14、28、42、56天分别随机抽取6只实验兔处死行组织病理学检查,光镜下观察2组光凝术后睫状体组织结构的改变以及邻近组织的损伤和炎症反应情况。结果与TSCP组相比,ECP组术后眼部炎症反应轻微但品状体混浊。ECP组术后各时间点降低眼压的幅度大于TSCP组（P〈0．01）。ECP组术后早期睫状突水肿、睫状体无色素上皮细胞破坏明显,42d后光镜下可见睫状体上皮细胞排列不规则及睫状突萎缩;TSCP组睫状突水肿、出血、结构破坏,而睫状体上皮细胞层破坏不充分,42d后可见睫状体萎缩、色素上皮和无色素上皮细胞不规则增生、巩膜变薄及睫状体基质瘢痕化。结论与TSCP相比,ECP对睫状突无色素上皮细胞的破坏更彻底,时邻近部位组织损伤轻微,但可引起品状体混浊。     

半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼

目的     

Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation: Dose-standardized therapy in end-stage glaucoma*

Background: Ciliary body ablation in end-stage glaucoma has been widely performed with cryotherapy and neodymium: yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd: YAG) laser; both techniques frequently involving considerable pain and postoperative inflammation, with an unpredictable final intraocular pressure (IOP) and a significant risk of phthisis. Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (cyclodiode laser) has recently been introduced in an attempt to avoid some of these problems. Methods: Thirty patients with uncontrolled IOP and advanced glaucoma were divided on clinical grounds into two groups and were treated with either a half or a full standardized dose of laser (40 × 1500 mW for 1500 ms) and monitored for IOP control, visual acuity, postoperative inflammation and phthisis. Success of IOP control was defined as IOP < 22 mmHg or a decrease in IOP of > 30%; preservation of visual acuity or control of pain in blind eyes was also assessed. Results: A sustained lowering of IOP was achieved in 90% of patients, with a mean follow up of 10.4 months. For the full treatment cases (group A), mean (± SD) pre-operative and postoperative IOP was 49.4 ± 11.2 and 25.8 ± 17.7 mmHg, respectively (a 48% reduction); 55% of patients achieved IOP < 22 mmHg and 68% gained an IOP reduction of > 30%. For the half-treatment cases (group B), the mean preoperative and postoperative IOP was 29.4 ± 4.3 and 18.9 ± 5.7 mmHg, respectively (a 36% reduction); 63% of patients achieved IOP < 22 mmHg and 50% gained an IOP reduction of > 30%. Neovascular glaucoma was present in 60% of patients; the full-treatment subgroup of these patients achieved a mean lowering of IOP of 58%. Of 22 sighted eyes, 11 (50%) recorded no change in vision; seven (32%) eyes lost and four (18%) eyes gained vision; pain control was achieved in six of eight blind eyes (75%). There was no significant postoperative inflammation, one case of hypotony and no suggestion to date of sympathetic ophthalmia. Conclusion: Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation appears to be simple, safe and is frequently successful in the control of IOP in end-stage glaucoma. Optimum dosage parameters remain to be determined.     

Diode laser trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation for glaucoma following silicone oil removal

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of trans‐scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with medically uncontrolled secondary glaucoma persisting after intravitreal silicone oil removal. Methods : Clinical records of 21 eyes of 21 patients who underwent TSCP for medically uncontrolled glaucoma persisting after the removal of intravitreal silicone oil, injected during vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), were reviewed retrospectively. Diode laser contact TSCP was applied at a power setting of 1.5–2.5 W, for a maximum duration of 2 s, and a total of 40 spots (10 spots each quadrant). All the patients were evaluated for visual acuity, IOP and number of medications used. Results : The patients were followed up for a mean ± SD period of 39.9 ± 4.27 weeks (range 36–48 weeks). The IOP was found to have decreased significantly from a pretreatment value of 34.5 ± 5.37 mmHg (range 24–44 mmHg) to 20.47 ± 4.49 mmHg at 6 months of follow up (range 12–30 mmHg, P < 0.01, Student’s paired t‐test). The total number of glaucoma medications being used reduced from 3.38 ± 0.5 to 1.08 ± 0.80 postoperatively (P < 0.01, Wilcoxon’s rank sum test). There was no significant difference in the visual acuity before and after the procedure. Thirteen eyes required a second sitting of TSCP, and five of these required a third sitting. For a successful outcome (IOP < 24 mmHg), a mean of 1.56 sittings (range 1–3 sittings) per eye were needed. Conclusion : Patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma persisting after intravitreal silicone oil removal can be treated with TSCP; however, the reduction of IOP is variable. The IOP usually falls after a mean of 2–3 sittings of TSCP.     

Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation: longer term follow up of a standardized treatment protocol

Background : Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (cyclodiode) is gaining acceptance as a therapy for refractory or end‐stage glaucoma. The aim of the study was to establish whether a reproducible dose–effect relationship exists following a single standardized cyclodiode treatment to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods : This paper reports results from a longer‐term follow up of a trial involving the study of 30 patients with uncontrolled IOP and advanced glaucoma who were treated with a single episode of either a half or a full standardized dose of laser depending on clinical risk of phthisis and monitored for IOP control, visual acuity, postoperative inflammation and phthisis. Results : A lowering of IOP at the final follow up was achieved in 83% of patients, with a mean follow‐up time of 21 months. For patients receiving a full standardized laser dose, preoperative IOP was 49.4 ± 11.2 mmHg (mean ± SD) and postoperative IOP was 28.5 ± 20.0 mmHg (42% reduction); 45% of patients achieved IOP < 22 mmHg and 68% gained an IOP reduction > 30%. For the half treatment cases, the preoperative IOP was 29.4 ± 4.3 mmHg (mean ± SD) and the postoperative IOP was 18.3 ± 10.0 mmHg (38% reduction); 63% of patients achieved IOP < 22 mmHg and 50% gained an IOP reduction of > 30%. Of 22 sighted eyes, nine (41%) recorded no change in vision; and nine (41%) lost and four (18%) gained vision. Hypotony was seen in 4/22 (18%) of full standardized laser dose cases. Conclusion : Longer follow‐up times confirm that diode laser cyclophotocoagulation is a convenient and useful therapy in the control of IOP in end‐stage glaucoma. Response of IOP to the laser therapy is highly variable, particularly in the neovascular glaucoma group, and it does not appear to be possible to predict an IOP outcome for an individual eye. Circumferential treatments in neovascular eyes should be avoided. Prospects for long‐term vision retention in end‐stage eyes are poor, perhaps due to progression of the underlying disease.     

半导体激光透巩膜光凝睫状体治疗难治性青光眼

本文评价了非接触性半导体激光透巩膜睫状体光凝治疗青光的疗效。15名患者16只眼,新生血管性青光眼3例,慢闭8例,慢性开角型4例,外伤后继发性青光眼1例。表面麻醉下于角巩缘后1mm光凝360°(,均匀分布光凝点,点数25—110,光斑直径200μm,功率0.75-1W,脉宽3-5s,离焦1.5mm。平均随访时间3月,平均眼压从术前27.1±7.5mmHg下降至19.5±8.4mmHg,平均下降7.6±4.6mmHg。术后眼压下降值与光凝况能量相关,术中12例(75%)光凝颞上象限时有轻至中度疼痛。术后并发症有结膜充血7例(44%),均于1周内消退。1例(6%)术后天疼痛明显,1周后缓解。以上结果表明应表表面麻醉非接触式DCCP是一种简便、易行,有一定疗效的治疗青光眼的方法。