定量组织速度显像技术评价单纯糖尿病患者左室舒张功能的研究

目的使用定量组织速度显像(QTVI)技术对单纯糖尿病患者左室舒张功能进行评价,并与传统检测舒张功能的方法进行比较,寻找更敏感的检测手段。方法入选单纯糖尿病患者31例,与健康人24例进行对照。使用GE公司Vivid 7彩色超声诊断仪,经胸获取胸骨旁长轴切面、心尖四腔切面、心尖两腔切面和心尖长轴切面,在相应切面分别记录经二尖瓣血流频谱舒张早期充盈峰值速度(E),舒张晚期充盈峰值速度(A)及E峰减速时间(EDT);右上肺静脉血流频谱收缩期峰值流速(S波),舒张早期峰值流速(D波),心房收缩期负向波峰值流速(AR);使用QTVI技术测量左室侧壁、后间隔、左室前壁、下壁及左室后壁及前间隔二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ea),舒张晚期峰值速度(Aa)和Ea/Aa。结果二尖瓣口血流多普勒频谱E/A比值、EDT、肺静脉血流频谱S/D比值在两组之间差异均无统计学意义;肺静脉血流频谱的AR在糖尿病组明显增大[(0.3±0.07)m/svs(0.22±0.03)m/s,P<0.01]。二尖瓣环6个节段的Ea平均值在两组之间差异无统计学意义,但糖尿病组Aa的平均值明显升高[(7.03±1.33)cm/svs(5.27±0.89)cm/s,P<0.01],各节段Ea/Aa比值的平均值显著降低[(1.11±0.38)vs(1.56±0.64),P<0.01]。结论QTVI技术在检测糖尿病心肌病左室舒张功能方面更加敏感。     

冠状动脉血流与左室舒张功能关系的临床研究

目的:探讨冠状循环血流动力学改变与左室舒张功能的关系。方法:采用经胸和经食管超声心动图技术,测量15例正常人、10例冠心病人、20例左室心肌肥厚患者冠状动脉前降支血流频谱、二尖瓣和肺静脉血流频谱。结果:与正常对照组比较,冠心病组冠脉血流频谱舒张期峰值流速(PDV)和每分钟流量(Q)无差异,PDV和Q与左室舒张功能指标无相关性;左室心肌肥厚组PDV和Q明显增加(62.57±23.79cm/s vs 35.80±9.40cm/s,P<0.001;97.92±59.24ml/min vs 46.02±23.11ml/min,P<0.01),Q与二尖瓣血流频谱E/A比值负相关(r=-0.49,P<0.01),与肺静脉血流频谱R正相关(r=0.41,P<0.05)。结论:左室心肌肥厚患者静息时冠脉血流量增加,可能是心肌肥厚患者左室舒张功能减低的机理之一。     

肺静脉多普勒血流频谱识别肥厚型心肌病二尖瓣血流图假性正常化

为评价肺静脉多普勒血流频谱识别二尖瓣血流频谱假性正常化的价值,我们分析了22例肥厚型心肌病患者和22例正常人肺静脉血流频谱和二尖瓣血流频谱的差异.发现二尖瓣血流频谱正常的肥厚型心肌病患者,肺静脉血流频谱S波峰值流速、D波峰值流速、S/D比值、S波和D波流速积分的比值、A_R峰值流速和持续时间可表现异常(P<0.001).二尖瓣血流频谱异常的肥厚型心肌病患者,肺静脉血流频谱也表现异常(P<0.001).提示肺静脉血流图有助于识别二尖瓣血流图的假性正常化,深入研究有可能为评价左室舒张功能减退程度提供新途径.     

超声心动图对肺静脉血流变化评价急性心肌梗死患者左室舒张功能的应用价值

目的 探讨多普勒超声心动图肺静脉血流频谱参数变化评价急性心肌梗死患者左室舒张功能的临床应用价值.方法 急性心肌梗死组32例,正常对照组30例.应用彩色多普勒超声心动图记录二尖瓣血流频谱,并选择测量参数：舒张早期峰值流速E峰（m/s）、舒张晚期峰值流速A峰（m/s）、E/A、A峰时限Ad （ms）;记录肺静脉血流频谱,并选择测量参数：收缩期前向峰值流速S波（m/s）、舒张早期前向峰值流速D波（m/s）、S/D、左房收缩期最大逆向血流速度PA波（m/s）及PA波时限PAd （ms）.结果 急性心肌梗死组二尖瓣血流频谱各项指标与正常对照组比较无显著性差异;肺静脉血流频谱参数中D波减低,S/D、PA、PAd-Ad明显增大,PA＞0.3 m/s,PAd-Ad＞0与正常对照组比较有非常显著性差异.结论 肺静脉血流频谱与二尖瓣血流频谱联合应用可以比较准确全面地评价左室舒张功能,尤其当二尖瓣血流频谱呈“伪正常化”时,结合肺静脉血流频谱可以判断左室舒张功能障碍.     

组织多普勒超声心动图对左室舒张功能的诊断价值

目的探讨组织多普勒超声心动图对左室舒张功能的诊断价值。方法对病人组（扩张型心肌病8例、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病12例、高血压性心脏病12例、糖尿病性心脏病8例）40例及正常人40例（对照组）：①应用组织多普勒成像技术（TDI）检测二尖瓣环运动频谱,测量舒张早期峰值速度（Ea）和舒张晚期峰值速度（Aa）,并计算Ea/Aa比值;②应用脉冲多普勒技术检测二尖瓣口血流频谱,测量舒张早期峰值流速（E）和舒张晚期峰值流速（A）,并计算E/A比值。结果病人组40例均出现二尖瓣环运动频谱异常,其中32例Ea〈12 cm·s^-1（Ea/Aa〈1）（即二尖瓣血流频谱表现为弛张异常型舒张功能减低22例＋假性正常化10例）,8例Ea明显减小（〈8 cm·s^-1）（即二尖瓣血流频谱表现为限制异常型舒张功能减低）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而二尖瓣口血流频谱异常共30例,包括22例E/A〈1（表现为驰张异常型舒张功能减低）和8例E峰明显高于A峰,E/A≥2（表现为限制异常型舒张功能减低）,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。病人组有10例二尖瓣口血流频谱与对照组相似,E/A为1~2（表现为假性正常化）。结论TDI检测二尖瓣环运动频谱比脉冲多普勒技术检测二尖瓣口血流频谱对左室舒张功能的评价更敏感,二者结合应用可提高对左室舒张功能评价的准确性。     

Valsalva动作对评价左室舒张功能三种常用指标的影响

目的研究正常人Valsalva动作后前负荷降低是否引起舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱、二尖瓣环运动速度及舒张早期左室血流传播速度三种指标变化以及如何变化。方法50例健康人,Valsalva动作前后分别测定舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱、二尖瓣环运动频谱(DTI)和M型彩色多普勒舒张早期左室内血流传播速度(FPV),并进行Val-salva动作前后对照分析。结果Valsalva动作前后比较,舒张期二尖瓣口血流频谱E峰速度减低〔(80.6±16.3)cm/svs(65.9±13.3)cm/s,P＜0.01〕,A峰速度、E/A比值减低〔(54.2±10.2)cm/svs(49.5±10.4)cm/s和1.51±0.23vs1.37±0.29,P＜0.05),E峰减速时间DT延长〔(0.161±0.031)svs(0.192±0.05)s,P＜0.01〕。侧壁处二尖瓣环运动速度Eal降低〔(18.7±3.8)em/svs(16.3±3.7)cm/s,P＜0.01〕,Aal和Eal/Aal比值无显著变化〔(11.3±2.5)cm/svs(10.5±1.9)cm/s和1.72±0.46vs1.60±0.44,P＞0.05〕,室间隔侧Eas、Aas降低〔(14.7±2.8)cm/svs(13.1±2.4)cm/s和(9.9±1.7)cm/svs(8.8±1.9)cm/s,P＜0.01〕,Eas/Aas比值无显著变化(1.53±0.37vs1.54±0.33,P＞0.05),FPV无显著变化〔(55.87±6.66)cm/svs(55.32±10.22)cm/s,P＞0.05〕。结论作为评价左室舒张功能的指标,二尖瓣口血流易受前负荷影响,舒张期二尖瓣环运动速度与FPV相对不受前负荷影响,但二尖瓣环运动速度这一指标实际应用中更为优越。     

定量组织速度成像评价2型糖尿病患者左心功能

目的应用定量组织速度成像技术观察2型糖尿病患者是否存在左心舒张和收缩功能异常.方法运用定量组织速度成像技术观测33例2型糖尿病患者和24例健康人心尖左心长轴、二腔和四腔切面二尖瓣环运动速度曲线,测量收缩期峰值速度Vs,舒张早期峰值速度Ve和舒张晚期峰值速度Va,计算Ve/Va比值;彩色多普勒血流显像法测量二尖瓣口舒张早期血流频谱E峰速度,舒张晚期血流频谱A峰速度,计算E/A比值.结果糖尿病组收缩期峰值速度Vs与健康人无显著差异 (P＞0.05);糖尿病组舒张早期峰值运动速度Ve较健康人减低(舒张早期峰值速度Ve糖尿病组/健康人:9.96±3.10/13.29±3.99,P＜0.05);舒张晚期峰值速度Va较健康人升高(舒张晚期峰值速度Va糖尿病组/健康人:11.58±2.21/10.13±1.36,P＜0.05),Ve/Va比值较健康人明显减低(Ve/Va比值糖尿病组/健康人: 0.88±0.32/1.33±0.40,P＜0.01).结论糖尿病患者早期即存在左室舒张功能异常,运用定量组织速度成像技术检测糖尿病患者左室舒张功能可检出松弛延迟和血流频谱假性正常化的病例.     

肺静脉血流评价小儿先天性心脏病左心室舒张功能

目的探讨肺静脉血流方法评价先天性心脏病(先心病)患儿左心室舒张功能的应用价值.方法 35例患病组于术前1周内及术后1个月应用肺静脉血流频谱评价左室舒张功能并与二尖瓣口血流方法比较,同时与37例正常对照组进行对比研究.患病组据心室负荷分左心型和右心型.结果左心型术前D波增高,S/D与TS/TD比值下降,术后S波D波速度较术前明显降低,S/D比值增加,TS增加,TD减低,TS/TD比值增加.右心型术前S波增高,S/D比值增高,TS/TD比值下降,术后D波速度增加,S/D比值减低,TS/TD比值增加.患病组中71%二尖瓣口血流E/A比值正常,其中92%通过肺静脉血流频谱TS/TD比值异常检测出左室舒张功能异常,56%肺静脉血流频谱S/D比值异常.结论肺静脉血流方法是评价先心病患儿术前左室舒张功能的可靠方法,可鉴别二尖瓣血流E/A比值假性正常.     

急性心肌梗死后左室舒张功能的超声心动图评价

目的　应用彩色多普勒超声心动图对发生急性心肌梗死（AMI）的患者左室舒张功能进行观察。方法　于心尖四腔切面检测舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱获得左室舒张早期最大流速（E）、左室舒张晚期最大流速（A）、E／A、E峰减速时间（DT）值;检测肺静脉血流频谱（PVFP）获得收缩期脉静脉血流频谱最大速度（S）、舒张早期脉静脉血流频谱最大速度（D）、S／D、舒张晚期肺静脉逆向血流的最大速度（Ar）值;测定主动脉瓣血流频谱结束到二尖瓣血流频谱开始之间的时间,即左室等容舒张时间（IRT）,将病例组所测值与正常对照组进行比较。结果 47例病例与46例正常对照组比较,病例组中有27例二尖瓣血流频谱E／A〈1,DT,左室等容舒张时间（IRT）值增高,肺静脉血流频谱的S值显著增高,D值降低,S／D值显著增高;有13例二尖瓣血流频谱2≥E／A〉1,肺静脉血流频谱S／D值显著降低,余各值差异无显著性;有7例二尖瓣血流频谱E／A〉2,DT,IRT值减低,肺静脉血流频谱S值显著减低,S／D值显著减低。结论 彩色多普勒超声心动图二尖瓣血流频谱及肺静脉血流频谱可以对AMI后左室舒张功能进行较准确的评价。     

急性病毒性心肌炎患者肺静脉血流超声特征

目的:研究急性病毒性心肌炎(AVMC)患者肺静脉血流(PVF)的超声特征,评估AVMC患者左室舒张功能的变化。方法:使用HP-5500型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,对26例AVMC患者(AVMC组),19例正常人(对照组)的右上肺静脉的心房收缩逆向A波(PVF-A)和二尖瓣血流频谱进行对照研究。结果:AVMC组的PVF-A波速率显著高于对照组,(40.41±7.85)cm.s-1对(26.12±3.12)cm.s-1,P<0.001。在E/A比值正常的AVMC1组,PVF-A波速率也显著高于对照组,(37.72±9.91)cm.s-1对(26.12±3.12)cm.s-1,P<0.01。结论:测定AVMC患者的PVF-A波速率能敏感评估左室舒张功能。     

超声断层显像技术观察盆腔器官脱垂患者盆底结构

目的采用超声断层显像(TUI)技术评估女性盆腔器官脱垂(POP)与肛提肌-尿道间隙(LUG)的关系,探讨POP患者肛提肌形态学的特征。方法三维超声扫查54例POP患者(POP组)及58例妇科良性疾病患者(对照组),分别在静息和Valsalva状态下获取容积影像数据;运用QLab处理软件以2.5mm层间距获取三层轴位图像,分别测量LUG值,并观察肛提肌的形态。结果静息状态下及Valsalva状态下POP组的双侧LUG均值均大于对照组[(2.76±0.56)cm vs(2.08±0.37)cm,P<0.001;(3.04±0.86)cm vs(2.24±0.54)cm,P<0.001]。POP组双侧LUG均值在Valsalva状态下大于静息状态下[(3.04±0.86)cm vs(2.76±0.56)cm,P<0.05];而对照组双侧LUG均值在静息状态下与Valsalva状态下差异无统计学意义[(2.08±0.37)cm vs(2.24±0.54)cm,P>0.05]。POP组21例耻骨直肠肌存在双侧损伤,26例存在单侧损伤(右侧16例,左侧10例),7例无损伤。结论利用TUI技术能够较好地观察POP患者的耻骨直肠肌的形态学特征。     

二维斑点追踪显像评价阵发性房颤患者左心房功能

目的 应用二维斑点追踪显像(STI)技术评价阵发性房颤(PAF)患者左心房功能变化。 方法 分别对30例PAF患者(PAF组)和30名正常人(对照组)进行常规超声心动图检查,测定左心房内径(LAD)、舒张早期二尖瓣跨瓣血流速度(E)、舒张晚期二尖瓣跨瓣血流速度(A)、E/A、肺静脉收缩峰值流速(PVs)、肺静脉舒张峰值流速(PVd)、肺静脉收缩峰值流速/舒张峰值流速(S/D)、心房收缩期流入肺静脉血流流速(PVa),计算左心房最大容积(LAVmax)、左心房最小容积(LAVmin)、左心房收缩前容积(LAVp)、左心房被动射血分数(LAPEF)和左心房主动射血分数(LAAEF);应用STI技术获取左心房各壁各节段的应变率曲线,分别测量左心室收缩期左心房峰值应变率(SRs)、左心室舒张早期左心房峰值应变率(SRe)和左心室舒张晚期左心房峰值应变率(SRa),计算其平均值(mSRs、mSRe、mSRa)。 结果 与对照组比较,PAF组LAD、LAVmax、LAVp、LAVmin增大(P<0.05),LAAEF、LAPEF减低(P<0.05);E升高、A减低、E/A升高(P<0.05),PVs、PVd减低,S/D减低(P<0.05);PAF组左心房各壁各节段SRs、SRe和SRa降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PAF组中,SRs与SRe及SRa之间无相关性(P>0.05),mSRa与LAAEF之间呈正相关(r=0.78,P<0.01);对照组中,SRs分别与SRe及SRa呈负相关(r分别为-0.347、-0.384,P<0.05)。 结论 PAF患者左心房各壁应变率峰值减低,左心房辅泵功能、管道功能和储蓄功能相互代偿作用减弱或消失。     

The effect of rapid blood pressure control on P-wave dispersion in hypertensive urgency

Introduction  A sharp increase in blood pressure, increase in atrial pressure and atrial strain, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) lead to heterogeneity and instability in atrial conduction. The resulting physiopathological situation may elevate maximum Pwave duration (P_max) and P-wave dispersion (PWD) in electrocardiography. The objective of our study was to explore the effect of the sudden change in atrial hemodynamics on P_max and PWD, which may indicate the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) development in hypertensive urgency. Methods  The study included patients diagnosed as hypertensive urgency (systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg). Nitroprusside was started at a dose of 0.2 μg/kg/min, and the ensuing dose was arranged according to blood pressure. Echocardiography and electrocardiography were used to noninvasively measure changes in diastolic function and PWD and P_max, respectively. Results  The study enrolled 102 patients (mean age 57.9±11.6 years; 32 [31.4%] males, and 70 [68.6%] females). P_max decreased from 99.9±11.1 msec (95% confidence intervals [CI] 97.7, 102) to 88.5±9.3 msec (95% CI 86.6, 90.3) (P<0.001), while PWD decreased from 60.1±7.4 msec (95% CI 58.7, 61.6) to 43.9±6.7 msec (95% CI 42.5, 45.2) (P<0.001). In addition, most patients had LVH and diastolic dysfunction. After nitroprusside treatment improvements in indicators of diastolic functions such as E/A ratio, deceleration time, and isovolumetric relaxation time were observed. Conclusion  The change observed in P_max and PWD in hypertensive urgency may be associated with the rapid change in blood pressure and atrial strain, sympathetic nervous system activation, relative myocardial ischemia, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Rapid regulation of blood pressure with nitroprusside brought about a marked decrease in P_max and PWD in our patients. This improvement was interpreted as atrial conduction acquiring a stable and homogeneous character, which may reduce the risk of AF development in hypertensive urgency.     

斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线评价左心耳排空功能

目的 评价应用斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线测定左心耳排空功能的可行性。 方法 对68例患者行实时三维经食管超声心动图检查,采集左心耳实时三维图像及二维长轴动态图像。使用斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线、三维容积法、二维面积法测定左心耳排空功能。以三维容积法测定的结果为金标准,评价斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线法测量左心耳功能的可行性。分析3种方法重复测量结果的差异。 结果 斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线法和三维容积法测定的左心耳排空分数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线法和三维容积法测定的左心耳排空分数[(51.03±20.12)%和(49.86±20.98)%]小于二维面积法[(54.65±17.16)%,P<0.05]。3种方法间同一观察者及观察者间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 斑点追踪成像时间-容积曲线可用于评价左心耳排空功能。     

Left atrial appendage dysfunction in acute cerebral embolism patients with sinus rhythm: correlation with pulse wave tissue Doppler imaging

To evaluate left atrial appendage (LAA) dysfunction using left atrial pulse-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI) in acute cerebral embolism (ACE) patients with sinus rhythm (SR), transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiograhy (TEE) were performed in 60 consecutive patients with SR without obvious left ventricular dysfunction within 2 weeks after ACE. Two groups were identified: LAA dysfunction [LAA emptying peak flow velocity (LAA-eV) <0.55 m/s, n = 20, age 65 ± 10 years] and without LAA dysfunction (LAA-eV ≥ 0.55 m/s, n = 40, age 64 ± 10 years) on TEE. Left atrial wall motion velocity (WMV) was obtained from PW-TDI, with the sample volume placed at the left atrial anterior wall adjacent to ascending aortic inferior wall from the long axis view on TTE. WMVs showed triphasic waves: after the P wave (La’) during systole (Ls’), and during early diastole. La’ and Ls’ were significantly lower in the group with versus without LAA dysfunction (4.9 ± 1.4 vs. 7.7 ± 1.8 cm/s, p < 0.0001; 5.3 ± 2.0 vs. 6.7 ± 1.9 cm/s, p < 0.001, respectively) and prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, left atrial volume index, and serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide were significantly higher (60 vs. 15 %, p < 0.001; 32 ± 13 vs. 24 ± 13 ml/m², p < 0.05; 174 ± 279 vs. 48 ± 68 pg/ml, p < 0.01, respectively). La’ was an independent predictor of LAA dysfunction (OR 0.380, 95 % CI 0.156–0.925, p < 0.05), and was significantly correlated with LAA-eV (r = 0.594, p < 0.0001) and LAA fractional area change (r = 0.682, p < 0.0001). The optimal cut-off value for LAA-eV < 0.55 m/s was 5.5 cm/s (sensitivity 83 %, specificity 88 %). La’ is a useful and convenient strong predictor of LAA dysfunction in ACE patients with SR.     

Echocardiographic features of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Background. There are several risk factors for the initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and the underlying mechanisms are multifactorial. Our study aims to explore the echocardiographic parameters that can identify in patients with PAF compared to normal subjects. Methods. Eighty consecutive patients who were with PAF detected by 24-h Holter monitoring (HM) were assigned in our study. The control group (n = 80) consisted individuals with no PAF on HM. Indication for HM was palpitations at rest. All patients underwent routine echocardiographic evaluation. Patients with aortic and mitral stenosis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism were excluded from the study. Comprehensive clinical data were collected. Results. Mean age of the patients with PAF was 63 ± 11 years and of those 42% were male subjects. There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertension in both groups. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 57 ± 15% in PAF group and 64 ± 2% in control subjects (p < 0.001). Mean values of left atrial (LA) diameter for PAF and control groups were 3.7 ± 0.6 cm vs. 3.1 ± 0.4 cm (p < 0.001), respectively. Patients with PAF had more severe valve insufficiency, higher values of mean pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PAP) (29 ± 10 mmHg vs. 25 ± 2 mmHg, respectively; p = 0.001) and deteriorated MV inflow velocities (E:A ratio 0.9 ± 0.4 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3, respectively; p = 0.008) when compared to control group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, LA diameter predicted the development of PAF after adjusted for age and gender. Conclusion. Our results indicate that LA diameter predicts the development of PAF.     

定量组织速度成像测量二尖瓣环运动速度

目的　应用定量组织速度成像测量二尖瓣环运动速度评价扩张型心肌病患者左室舒张功能。方法　定量组织速度成像测量 14例正常人和 14例扩张型心肌病患者二尖瓣环 6个节段 (后间隔和侧壁、前间隔和后壁、前壁和下壁 )舒张早期峰值速度Ve、左房收缩期峰值速度Va ,计算Ve Va ;多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣口血流快速充盈速度E峰、左房收缩充盈速度A峰 ,计算E A值。结果　正常人和扩张型心肌病患者两组间E A无显著统计学差异 ,而扩张型心肌病组二尖瓣环平均Ve Va、平均Ve较正常组显著减低 (Ve Va :0 .89± 0 .11vs 1.76± 0 .76,P =0 .0 0 1;Ve :-4 .79± 2 .2 2vs -8.42± 2 .2 7,P<0 .0 0 0 1) ;正常组中二尖瓣环平均Ve Va与E A显著相关 (r =0 .63 ,P =0 .0 0 8) ,而扩张型心肌病组二尖瓣环平均Ve Va与E A无显著相关。结论　扩张型心肌病患者二尖瓣口血流频谱表现为假性正常化 ,定量组织速度成像测量二尖瓣环运动速度可准确评价其左室舒张功能。     

冠状动脉内多普勒导丝评价主动脉瓣狭窄对冠状动脉血流的影响

目的应用冠状动脉内多普勒导丝评价主动脉瓣狭窄对冠状动脉血流的影响。方法选取慢性重度的主动脉瓣狭窄患者13例,先行冠状动脉造影检查,排除冠心病,再行冠状动脉内多普勒检查,测定前降支中远端的平均峰值流速(APV),舒张收缩流速比值(DSVR),冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)等,并测定左室舒张末压力(LVEDP),用10例正常数据作对照。结果与正常对照组相比,主动脉瓣狭窄时,冠状动脉血流LVEDP升高[(18.6±9.5)mmHgvs(7.9±5.5)mm-Hg,P<0.05];APV降低[(15.8±9.5)cm/svs(24.8±14.6)cm/s,P<0.05];DSVR无变化(2.4±1.9vs2.6±1.7,P>0.05);CFR升高(4.8±2.7vs3.5±2.2,P<0.05);前降支中段内径变化不大[(3.7±1.5)mmvs(3.5±1.4)mm,P>0.05]。结论慢性重度主动脉瓣狭窄对冠状动脉血流有显著影响,表现为基础状态时APV降低,DSVR无变化和CFR升高,并使左室舒张功能减低。APV减低可能是冠状动脉造影正常的主动脉瓣狭窄患者心绞痛的主要机制。     

磁共振feature tracking初步评价终末期肾病患者心肌形变

目的 采用心脏磁共振feature tracking (CMR-FT)技术初步分析终末期肾病患者左心室心肌形变各参数的变化情况。方法 对10例正常志愿者和9例终末期肾病接受血液透析治疗的患者行1.5T心脏非对比增强、FIESTA序列电影成像,并采用feature tracking (FT) 2D模型对左心室运动及整体心肌形变情况进行定量分析。结果 终末期肾病患者左心室心肌质量[(132.70±44.44) g]大于正常志愿者[(80.00±11.29)g, P<0.05]。终末期肾病患者左心室心肌整体径向应变、环向应变、径向收缩期峰值运动速度、径向舒张期峰值运动速度均低于健康志愿者[(22.52±10.41)% vs (39.46±7.10)%,(-12.57±3.91)% vs (-19.80±2.11)%,(22.70±5.72)mm/s vs (34.77±3.81)mm/s, (-24.71±8.83)mm/s vs (-43.88±8.89)mm/s, P均<0.05)。而终末期肾病患者和正常志愿者的左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 CMR-FT技术能够定量评价终末期肾病患者左心室心肌运动及形变情况。     

Left atrial function in congestive heart failure: assessment by transmitral and pulmonary vein Doppler

The relation of transmitral flow patterns and pulmonary venous velocities was analyzed from 50 heart failure patients (28 men, 22 women; mean [±SD] age 61 ± 9 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%. Doppler echocardiography was performed in all patients. Transmitral flow measurements included early (E) and atrial (A) velocities and deceleration time of E wave (DT). Patients were assigned to two groups according to E/A ratio, DT, or both: 20 patients in the restrictive group, and 30 patients in the nonrestrictive group. Pulmonary venous flow was obtained by the transthoracic approach. Systolic (S), diastolic (D) and atrial reversal (Ar) velocities were measured. Of the study population, 13 patients had simultaneously determined pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).The results showed a lower S (28 ± 11 vs. 51 ± 10 cm/sec, p < 0.01), a higher D (66 ± 13 vs. 44 ± 10 cm/sec, p < 0.01) and a smaller Ar (12 ± 10 vs. 24 ± 9 cm/sec, p < 0.01) in the restrictive group compared with those in nonrestrictive group. In the subgroup of patients undergoing invasive hemodynamic studies, there was no relationship between PCWP and atrial reversal velocity. However, a significant correlation was observed for pulmonary systolic (r = -0.70, p < 0.01) and diastolic (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) velocities to PCWP. These findings suggest a reduction in left atrial compliance and atrial systolic function and both play important roles in heart failure patients with the restrictive transmitral flow pattern.