Gammaherpesvirus-Induced Lung Pathology Is Altered in the Absence of Macrophages

The purpose of this study was to examine the lung pathogenesis of murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV-68) infection in mice that lack CC chemokine receptor CCR2, an important receptor for macrophage recruitment to sites of inflammation. BALB/c and CCR2^−/− mice were inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with MHV-68 and samples were collected during acute infection (6 dpi) and following viral clearance (12 dpi). Immunohistochemistry was used to determine which cells types responded to MHV-68 infection in the lungs. Lung pathology in infected BALB/c mice was characterized by a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, necrosis, and increased alveolar macrophages by 12 dpi. Immunohistochemistry showed intense positive staining for macrophages. CCR2^−/− mice showed greater inflammation in the lungs at 12 dpi than did BALB/c mice, with more necrosis and diffuse neutrophil infiltrates in the alveoli. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated much less macrophage infiltration in the CCR2^−/− mice than in the BALB/c mice. These studies show that CCR2 is involved in macrophage recruitment in response to MHV-68 infection and illustrates how impairments in macrophage function affect the normal inflammatory response to this viral infection.     

T细胞抗原受体γδ+T细胞在小鼠暴发型肝炎模型中的作用

目的:T细胞抗原受体(TCR)γδ+T细胞是一种表型和功能独特的T淋巴细胞亚群.通过检测TCR γδ+T细胞在3型鼠肝炎病毒(MHV-3)诱导的小鼠暴发型肝炎模型中的比例变化,初步探讨TCRγδ+T细胞在该疾病模型中的作用.方法:通过腹腔注射MHV-3感染BALB/cJ小鼠诱导暴发型肝炎,利用流式细胞术来检测小鼠外周血、肝脏及脾脏TCRγδ+T细胞的比例变化,并进行统计学分析.结果:BALB/cJ小鼠感染MHV-3后,全部在3～6天内死亡,小鼠外周血、脾脏及肝脏中的TCR γδ+T细胞占CD3+T细胞的比例均在感染后48小时发生显著升高(P＜0.05).MHV-3诱导的小鼠暴发型肝炎模型中TCR γδ+T细胞的比例显著升高,与疾病严重程度呈正相关.结论:TCR γδ+T细胞可能在小鼠暴发型肝炎发生发展中发挥重要作用,为进一步研究小鼠暴发型肝炎的发病机制提供更充分的理论基础.     

Increased severity of viral myocarditis in mice lacking lymphocyte maturation

The role of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis is controversial. To better understand how lymphocyte maturation controls a virus-induced myocarditic process, a murine model of viral myocarditis was utilized. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was inoculated intraperitoneally into three kinds of mice; virus-susceptible C57BL/6, virus-resistant 129/SV and recombination activity gene (RAG)-2 knockout 129/SV mice. The RAG2 participate in the maturity of T and B lymphocytes. Survival rate, heart weight (HW), HW to body weight (BW) ratio, viral genome, cardiac inflammation and myocardial necrosis were evaluated after EMCV (500 plaque forming unit/mouse) inoculation. On post-inoculation day 10, the survival rate of C57BL/6, 129/SV and RAG2 knockout mice were 42, 90 and 0%, respectively. Myocardial viral titer was significantly (P<0.05) higher in C57BL/6 and RAG2 knockout mice than in 129/SV mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated the EMCV genome in the myocardium of RAG2 knockout and C57BL/6 mice, but not in 129/SV mice. At day 8, HW and HW/BW ratios were elevated (P<0.05) in RAG2 knockout mice as well as C57BL/6 mice compared with 129/SV mice. Myocardial necroses were more severe in RAG2 knockout mice than in wild-type 129/SV mice. In conclusion, matured lymphocytes protect the development of viral myocarditis which includes viral replication and myocardial apoptosis.     

肌球蛋白致自身免疫性心肌疾病的实验研究

目的　探索在没有病毒感染的情况下 ,自身免疫机制在心肌炎和心肌病发病中的作用。方法　 (1)猪心肌肌球蛋白致BALB/C鼠自身免疫性心肌疾病模型的复制 :实验组 (n =32 )于实验的第 0 ,7和 30天 3次注射肌球蛋白 ,对照组 (n =2 0 )与实验组同样的时间注射弗氏完全佐剂 ,于初次免疫后的第 15 ,2 1和 12 0天分别留取血清和心肌标本。 (2 )病毒性心肌炎模型的复制 :病毒接种组 (n =2 2 )给予 10 3 TCID50 / 0 1mlCVB3 溶液腹腔注射 ,对照组 (n =10 )给予Vero细胞冻融液 0 1ml腹腔注射 ,接种时间及采样时间同肌球蛋白免疫组。 (3)抗体检测 :ELISA法检测小鼠血清抗肌球蛋白抗体。结果　病理结果显示 ,肌球蛋白致心肌炎小鼠急性期 (15和 2 1d)以心肌纤维变性坏死和淋巴细胞浸润较明显 ,间质病变较轻 ,内膜和心瓣膜无明显改变 ;慢性期 (12 0d)仅见心肌纤维化 ,急慢性期均可检测到高滴度的抗肌球蛋白抗体 (P <0 0 0 1) ,对照组为正常心肌 ,抗体滴度低。病毒接种组慢性期亦显示成纤维细胞增生。结论　心肌肌球蛋白可以作为自身抗原刺激机体产生自身免疫反应 ,在没有病毒感染的情况下 ,单一的自身免疫机制即可导致心肌炎向心肌病的转化。     

Role of the type 5 adenovirus gene encoding the early region 1B 55-kDa protein in pulmonary pathogenesis.

Comparison of the inflammatory response of Sigmodon hispidus cotton rats to pulmonary infection with wild-type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) or with a viral mutant, in which the early region 1B gene encoding a 55-kDa protein, Ad5dl110 (dl110), was deleted, indicated that the inflammation in animals infected with dl110 was markedly reduced compared with the inflammation in animals infected with wild-type Ad5, although both viruses replicated to the same extent. Comparable experiments done with C57BL/6 mice yielded identical results, even though only the early phase of gene expression essential for viral replication occurs in mice. Cytokine analysis of infected mouse lungs indicated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 were produced in relatively large quantities in wild-type Ad5-infected mice and at significantly lower levels in dl110-infected mice during the early stages of infection.     

鼠巨细胞病毒感染BALB/c小鼠心肌炎模型的建立

目的:建立鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)感染心肌炎动物模型。方法:用巨细胞病毒经腹腔注射感染BALB/c小鼠。结果:MCMV感染小鼠心肌炎发病率为69.4%,死亡高峰在感染后7～14d,死亡率为11.11%;44.5%的感染鼠出现心外膜炎。MCMV感染的第7天,心肌细胞出现肿胀、变性,血管周围有大量炎症细胞灶性浸润;第14天,可见单个心肌细胞核固缩、溶解,心肌细胞小灶性坏死、崩解,周围见单核细胞、淋巴细胞浸润;病变于感染后7～14d达高峰,第14天后开始减轻。MCMV感染小鼠全部心肌病变积分均≤2分,属轻度心肌炎改变;心电图的改变率达50%。结论:该心肌炎动物模型为探讨病毒性心肌炎的发病机制、转归及抗病毒药物的筛选提供了有力的工具。     

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta play a critical role in the resistance against lethal herpes simplex virus encephalitis

BACKGROUND: The innate immune response after herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis could be protective or, paradoxically, implicated in neuronal damage. We investigated the role of the innate immune response in such infection using a C57BL/6 mouse knockout (KO) model for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and/or interleukin (IL)-1beta. METHODS: Encephalitis was induced by intranasal infection with a clinical strain of HSV-1 in 1-month-old KO or wild-type (WT) mice. Mice were monitored for survival, brain viral load was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the inflammatory response was assessed by in situ hybridization in groups of mice killed on days 3-7. RESULTS: WT mice had a significantly higher mean life expectancy (P=.0001, log-rank test) than other groups. IL-1beta and TNF-alpha KO mice had a similar mean life expectancy, and encephalitis was lethal to all TNF-alpha /IL-1beta-deficient mice. Brain viral loads were lower in WT than in KO mice that had disseminated viral replication in the pons and medulla. Moreover, TNF- alpha and IL-1beta KO mice failed to initiate an adequate immune response, as shown by the virtual absence of expression of proinflammatory molecules in the brain. CONCLUSION: These data clearly demonstrate the importance of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in protection against HSV-1 encephalitis in this mouse model.     

IL-18 and IL-12 induce intestinal inflammation and fatty liver in mice in an IFN-gamma dependent manner

BACKGROUND: In murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, colonic inflammation is considered to be caused by an aberrant Th1-type immune response. AIM: To investigate if systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 to wild-type BALB/c mice induces liver injury and intestinal inflammation, and if pathological changes are observed, what cytokines are involved. METHODS: Mice (BALB/c-wild-type (wt), MRL-lpr/lpr, BALB/c-interferon gamma knock out (IFN-gamma KO), C57BL/6-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) KO, and BALB/c tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) KO) were injected intraperitoneally each day with IL-12 (20 ng/g/mouse) and/or IL-18 (200 ng/g/mouse). RESULTS: Administration of IL-12 and IL-18 to BALB/c-wt mice induced prominent intestinal mucosal inflammation and fatty liver, leading to piloerection, bloody diarrhoea, and weight loss. IL-12 and IL-18 induced striking elevations in serum levels of IFN-gamma that caused NO production, although increased NO had no exacerbating effect on mice. Moreover, iNOS KO mice, or MRL lpr/lpr mice lacking functional Fas were equally susceptible to IL-12 and IL-18. Administration of IL-12 and IL-18 did not induce TNF-alpha production in wild-type mice, and the same treatment to TNF-alpha KO mice induced intestinal mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, they had diffuse and dense infiltration of small fat droplets in their hepatocytes associated with an increase in serum levels of liver enzymes. In contrast, the same treatment in IFN-gamma KO BALB/c mice and iNOS KO mice did not induce these changes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study strongly indicates that IL-18 together with IL-12 induces intestinal mucosal inflammation in an IFN-gamma dependent but TNF-alpha, NO, and Fas ligand independent manner, and fatty liver is dependent on IFN-gamma and NO.     

Encephalomyocarditis virus myocarditis in inbred strains of mice--chronic stage

Inbred strains of A/J, BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice were inoculated with the M variant of encephalomyocarditis virus having a titer of 100 TCID50/0.1 ml. Myocardial lesions were seen in 73 of 150 BALB/c mice (48.7%), 160 of 259 C3H/He mice (61.8%) and 115 of 174 DBA/2 mice (66.1%). No pathologic findings were noted in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. In C3H/He and DBA/2 mice, dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart accompanying myocardial lesions persisted up to the 8th month after virus inoculation. The present study revealed that myocardial lesions similar to those in congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy persisted for a long period after viral infection.     

Targeted delivery of ribavirin improves outcome of murine viral fulminant hepatitis via enhanced anti-viral activity

Side effects of interferon-ribavirin combination therapy limit the sustained viral response achievable in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. Coupling ribavirin to macromolecular carriers that target the drug to the liver would reduce systemic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hemoglobin-ribavirin conjugate (HRC 203) in murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3) induced viral hepatitis. HRC 203 had greater anti-viral activity on both isolated hepatocytes and macrophages, whereas both ribavirin and HRC 203 inhibited production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages. In vivo, untreated MHV-3-infected mice all developed clinical and biochemical signs of acute viral hepatitis and died by day 4 post infection. Livers recovered from untreated infected mice showed greater than 90% necrosis. In contrast, survival was enhanced in both ribavirin- and HRC 203-treated mice with a marked reduction in biochemical [ALT(max) 964 +/- 128 IU/L (ribavirin); 848 +/- 212 IU/L (HRC 203)] and histological evidence of hepatic necrosis (<10% in ribavirin/HRC 203 vs. 90% in untreated controls). Clinically, HRC 203-treated mice behaved normally, in contrast to ribavirin-treated mice, which developed lethargy and abnormal fur texture. In conclusion, targeted delivery of ribavirin to the liver alters the course of MHV-3 infection as demonstrated by prolonged survival, improved behavior, and reduced signs of histologically evident disease, as well as inhibition of viral replication and production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro.     

γδT细胞在3型鼠肝炎病毒诱导的小鼠慢性病毒性肝炎中作用的探讨

目的:探讨在3型鼠肝炎病毒(MHV-3)诱导的鼠慢性病毒性肝炎模型中随着感染时间的延长肝脏γδT细胞在肝脏T细胞中的比例变化以及细胞因子IFN(干扰素)-γ的表达.方法:C3H/Hej小鼠腹腔注射10pfu(空斑形成单位)MHV-3建立小鼠慢性病毒性肝炎模型,应用流式细胞技术荧光分析法检测MHV-3感染后0天、5天、10天、15天、20天肝脏中γδT细胞在T细胞中的比例变化及其表达IFN-γ的比例.结果:随着MHV-3感染时间的延长,模型中肝脏γδT细胞在肝脏T细胞中的比例较0天逐渐升高(P＜0.05),在感染后10天达到最高值.肝脏γδT细胞大量表达IFN-γ,在MHV-3感染10天后达到最高值.结论:感染MHV-3后C3H/Hej小鼠体内γδT细胞的数量增加并表达IFN-γ,提示γδT细胞参与了MHV-3诱导的小鼠慢性病毒性肝炎的发生发展过程.     

Enhanced atherogenesis is not an obligatory response to systemic herpesvirus infection in the apoE-deficient mouse: comparison of murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 and herpes simplex virus-1

Viral and bacterial infectious agents have been implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis. We have previously shown that a gamma-herpesvirus can accelerate atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mouse. To address whether a virally induced systemic immune response is sufficient to trigger enhanced atheroma formation, we infected apoE-/- mice with murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) or herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). In this study, we show that both viruses were able to induce a cell-mediated and humoral immune response in the apoE-/- mouse, which was sustained over a period of 24 weeks. Although intranasal or intraperitoneal infection with MHV-68 induced similar levels of virus-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in the serum of apoE-/- mice, those infected with HSV-1 showed higher anti-HSV-1 IgG2a compared with IgG1 antibody levels. In addition, viral message was not detected in the aortas of HSV-1-infected animals, whereas we have shown previously that MHV-68 mRNA can be detected in the aortas of infected mice as early as 5 days after infection. Compared with control mice, apoE-/- mice infected with MHV-68 showed accelerated atherosclerosis, whereas mice infected with HSV-1 did not. These data indicate that a systemic immune response to any particular infectious agent is insufficient to induce enhanced atherosclerosis in the apoE-/- mouse and point to specific infections or immune mechanisms that might be essential for virally enhanced atherogenesis.     

Focal liver necrosis appears early after partial hepatectomy and is dependent on T cells and antigen delivery from the gut

Introduction: Progressive liver failure may develop following removal of a large part of the liver or transplantation of a small for size liver graft. The pathophysiology of this clinical syndrome is only partially understood. Methods: We assessed liver damage and hepatocyte 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation following partial hepatectomy (PH) in C57BL/6, BALB/C and immune‐deficient mice. Hepatic lymphocyte subpopulations were characterized. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and bowel decontamination determined the role of gut antigens. Results: Discrete, round necrotic lesions were observed as early as 2 h following 70%, but not 30% PH. In immune competent mice the extent of hepatocyte necrosis inversely correlated with BrdU incorporation. T, natural killer and natural killer T cells were recruited to the liver early after PH; however, only T‐cell depletion abrogated hepatic necrosis. Hepatic injury was significantly reduced in non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice undergoing PH, while BrdU incorporation was not affected. Liver injury was augmented by LPS injection and reduced by gut decontamination. Conclusions: A distinct pattern of early focal hepatic necrosis is observed following extensive PH in mice. T cells infiltrating the liver immediately after PH and gut‐derived antigens are indispensable for the observed liver necrosis and may thus provide therapeutic targets to ameliorate liver damage following PH.     

Amyocarditic coxsackievirus B3 causes myocarditis in immunocompromised mice

In the present study, we investigated the role of the immune status of the host in the pathogenesis and development of coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis. We compared the disease expression in myocarditic coxsackievirus B3 (CB3M)-infected BALB/c wild-type mice and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and in amyocarditic coxsackievirus B3 (CB3O)-infected BALB/c wild-type mice untreated or treated with immunosuppressive agents and SCID mice. There were no differences in viral growth in vitro between CB3M and CB3O. Severe myocarditis developed in CB3M-infected wild-type and SCID mice, CB3O-infected SCID mice and CB3O-infected wild-type mice with total immunosuppression. However, myocarditis was not induced in CB3O-infected wild-type mice untreated and treated with partial immunosuppression. There were no changes in myocardial virus titres among these groups of mice. In addition, myocarditis was induced in CB3O-infected wild-type mice treated with Thy 1.2 (pan T) or Lyt 2 (CD8) antibody but not in those mice treated with L3T4 (CD4) antibody. Thus, the CB3O variant did not induce myocarditis in wild-type mice associated with the induction of the CD8⁺ lymphocyte subset but was shown to have the genetic capability to induce myocarditis if the host was in an almost total immunosuppressive or CD8-depleted state. The results suggest that induction of myocarditis by the amyocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3 may occur and partially depends on the immune status of the host, and that myocarditis is due in part to an immunopathogenic mechanism.     

幽门螺杆菌疫苗接种小鼠产生免疫后胃炎的影响因素

目的:研究幽门螺杆菌(H pylorl)疫苗接种小鼠产生免疫后胃炎的影响因素．方法:将H pylori疫苗免疫C57BL／6和BALB／c的小鼠,观察攻击后胃黏膜H pylori定植和炎症情况．将H pylori疫苗免疫C57BL／6小鼠,然后予不同菌量的H pylori攻击,观察胃黏膜H Pylori定植和炎症情况．将H pylori疫苗经口和经腹腔免疫C57BL／6小鼠,观察攻击后胃黏膜H pylori定植和炎症情况.对感染H pylori的C57BL／6小鼠予H pylori疫苗治疗,观察治疗免疫后胃黏膜H pylori定植和炎症情况．结果:不同品系的小鼠免疫保护程度无明显差异,但C57BL／6小鼠免疫后胃炎重于BALB／c小鼠．接受不同攻击茵量的小鼠保护程度无明显差异,但大的攻击茵量可诱导更严重的免疫后炎症．不同免疫途径诱导的免疫保护程度及攻击后不同时间点的炎症程度均无显著性差异．治疗性免疫导致H pylori定植明显降低,同时也引发更为严重的胃炎．结论:在不同的免疫宿主、免疫途径和治疗性免疫中均存在免疫后胃炎．免疫后胃炎的强弱程度受免疫宿主和攻击菌量的影响．     

Cardiomyocyte-restricted over-expression of C-type natriuretic peptide prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by myocardial infarction in mice

OBJECTIVE: Infused C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) was recently found to play a cardioprotective role in preventing myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and improving cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiomyocyte-specific CNP over-expression on I/R injury and MI in transgenic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: We generated transgenic (TG) mice over-expressing CNP in cardiomyocytes. Elevated CNP expression on RNA and protein levels was demonstrated by RNase-protection assay and radioimmunoassay. Male TG mice and age-matched wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to 1-hour global myocardial ischaemia and 23 h of reperfusion or permanent ligation of the coronary artery for 3 weeks. Infarct size did not differ between the WT and TG groups in mice subjected to I/R. In mice that underwent permanent ligation of coronary arteries, both left and right ventricular hypertrophy were prevented by CNP over-expression 3 weeks post-MI. Histological analysis revealed less necrosis, muscular degeneration and inflammation in infarcted TG mice. Impairment of cardiac function was less pronounced in transgenic animals than in the wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS: Over-expression of CNP in cardiomyocytes does not affect I/R-induced infarct size but prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by MI. Therefore, CNP may represent a potent therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with cardiac hypertrophy induced by myocardial infarction or other aetiology.     

Mural thrombi in mice with acute viral myocarditis

In an investigation of the relationship between mural thrombosis and congestive heart failure (CHF) in acute viral myocarditis, inbred BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with the M variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus and sacrificed on days 7 (n = 33), 10 (n = 35) and 14 (n = 39). Myocarditis was found in 105 of 107 sacrificed mice (98.1%). Myocardial necrosis with cellular infiltration was evident after day 7 and was extensive in the ventricles and atria. In the 105 mice with myocarditis, 17 mice (16.2%) developed CHF after day 10, and 15 mice (14.3%) had thrombi as early as day 7. All thrombi were in the left and/or right atrium. The incidence of thrombi in mice with CHF was higher, but not significantly so, than that in mice without CHF (23.5% vs 12.5%). All 50 control mice had no myocardial lesions or thrombi. This study demonstrates that thrombus formation was not rare in the absence of CHF in the acute stage of viral myocarditis and suggests that clinically acute viral myocarditis has a risk of systemic and/or pulmonary embolism even when resting cardiac function is normal.     

Protective effect of OK-432 (streptococcal preparation) on murine fulminant hepatitis following mouse hepatitis virus infection

The effects of OK-432 (streptococcal preparation) on murine fulminant hepatitis were investigated. Hepatitis was induced by injection of mouse hepatitis virus type 2 (MHV-2) at a strength of either 1 x 10(3) or 1 x 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU). Mice without OK-432 treatment died within 5 days, whereas mice preinoculated with OK-432 showed survival rates of 50% (1 x 10(3) PFU) or 10% (1 x 10(4) PFU) after 60 days. Survival time was not prolonged if OK-432 was injected after MHV-2. Examined histologically, mice not treated with OK-432 showed severe haemorrhagic necrosis of the liver, often panlobular. Treated mice showed less necrosis; the least necrosis was observed in those injected with OK-432 before MHV-3. In those mice injected first with OK-432 and then with 1 x 10(3) PFU of MHV-2 that survived 7 days, autopsy showed a very slight and focal hepatic necrosis, with follicular infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages. Mitogenic reaction of spleen cells was remarkably less than normal in mice with MHV-2 injection. However, mice injected with OK-432 before MHV-2 (same treatment as mice showing high survival rates) showed relatively high reactivity in comparison with mice not treated with OK-432.     

黄芪总黄酮对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心脏血流动力学及心肌细胞钙电流的作用

目的研究黄芪总黄酮(TFA)对BALB/c小鼠病毒性心肌炎急性期心脏血流动力学及心肌细胞钙电流的作用。方法应用柯萨奇B3病毒制作BALB/c小鼠病毒性心肌炎模型7只,腹腔注射TFA溶液(20mg/kg)1次/d,并设正常对照组及病毒感染对照组各7只,7d后行血流动力学检查;应用胶原酶酶解法急性分离病毒性心肌炎BALB/c小鼠心室肌细胞,利用全细胞膜片钳的方法记录TFA对BALB/c小鼠病毒性心肌炎模型心室肌细胞Ca2+电流的作用。结果(1)TFA组与正常对照组和病毒感染组相比血流动力学指标明显改善。(2)TFA组与对照组比较,L-型钙电流(L-ICa)由给药前的(0.28±1.07)nA增加到给药后的(0.39±0.84)nA(P<0.05)。结论TFA可以明显改善BALB/c小鼠病毒性心肌炎急性期心脏血流动力学,TFA可增加病毒性心肌炎BALB/c小鼠心室肌细胞L-ICa的幅值。