芭蕉根不同提取物的抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的 探讨芭蕉根不同极性溶剂提取物的抗炎、镇痛活性.方法 采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀实验、角叉菜胶致小鼠足肿胀和小鼠棉球肉芽肿等实验进行抗炎实验,采用醋酸扭体法进行镇痛实验,对芭蕉根的石油醚提取物、正丁醇提取物,80%乙醇提取物和水提取物进行抗炎和镇痛实验研究.结果 芭蕉根石油醚和正丁醇提取物可以明显的减轻二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀和棉球肉芽肿的重量,对角叉菜胶所致的小鼠足肿胀也有明显的抑制作用;芭蕉根乙醇提取物和水提取物对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应有较好的抑制作用.结论 在相同剂量下,芭蕉根石油醚提取物和正丁醇提取物显示出较好的抗炎活性,而80%乙醇和水提取物相对具有较好的镇痛活性.     

癃清片抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:研究和比较癃清片不同溶剂提取物的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、角叉菜胶诱导小鼠足肿胀进行抗炎实验,采用热板法和醋酸扭体法进行镇痛实验,比较癃清片醇提取物、水提取物、二氯甲烷和正丁醇部位的抗炎镇痛作用。结果:癃清片醇提物、水提物均具有不同程度的抗炎镇痛作用,同剂量之间比较以醇提取物活性较强。癃清片正丁醇部位(0.23g/kg、0.46g/kg)能明显降低二甲苯致炎小鼠血清中PGE2、MAD、TNF-α含量,醇提正丁醇部位(0.46g/kg)抑制角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀,该部位(0.12g/kg、0.23g/kg、0.46g/kg)能延长热板所致的小鼠舔后足的时间,该部位(0.23g/kg、0.46g/kg)减少醋酸致小鼠扭体反应的次数。结论:癃清片具有明显的抗炎镇痛活性,醇提取物的正丁醇部位可能是其一个有效部位。     

苗药青龙方不同提取物的镇痛抗炎作用实验研究

目的:探索苗药青龙方不同极性溶剂提取物的镇痛和抗炎活性。方法:以热板法和醋酸扭体法进行镇痛实验、二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀实验,对青龙方的水提取物、乙醇提取物进行镇痛抗炎作用实验研究。结果:水提取物能提高小鼠痛阈值,对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应有一定抑制作用,对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀具抑制作用;乙醇提取物显著提高小鼠痛阈值,对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应具显著抑制作用,对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显抑制作用。结论:同剂量下,乙醇提取物的镇痛抗炎作用优于水提取物的镇痛抗炎作用。     

拟草果甲醇提取物抗炎镇痛作用研究

目的:观察拟草果甲醇提取物抗炎镇痛作用及急性毒性。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、毛细血管通透性实验等方法观察拟草果甲醇提取物的抗炎作用;采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、小鼠热刺激反应观察拟草果甲醇提取物的镇痛作用,采用Bliss法计算拟草果甲醇提取物LD50。结果:拟草果甲醇提取物能减轻小鼠耳廓肿胀;降低小鼠毛细血管通透性;减少小鼠扭体次数;提高小鼠热刺激疼痛的痛阈值;拟草果甲醇提取物LD50为547.20 g药材/kg。结论:拟草果甲醇提取物具有较好的抗炎镇痛活性,且毒性小。     

食用土当归总有机酸的抗炎镇痛作用

目的比较食用土当归Aralia cordata Thunb.的总有机酸与醇提取物的抗炎和镇痛作用。方法采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法、鸡蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀法观察抗炎作用;采用热刺激致小鼠疼痛法、醋酸致小鼠扭体法观察镇痛作用。结果食用土当归总有机酸对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、鸡蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀具有良好的抑制作用;并能减少醋酸致小鼠扭体的次数,提高热致痛小鼠的痛阈;与醇提取物相比无显著性差异。结论食用土当归总有机酸也是抗炎镇痛的有效部位。     

大蝎子草抗炎镇痛活性部位研究

目的 研究大蝎子草抗炎镇痛的活性作用部位,为进一步寻找活性成分奠定基础.方法 采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及皮肤毛细血管通透性实验、醋酸致小鼠扭体反应与小鼠热板致痛等实验动物模型进行整体动物生物活性评价.结果 大蝎子草提取物水层、醋酸乙酯层和氯仿层能够显著减少醋酸致小鼠扭体次数,延长热板痛反应时间,水层还能显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及皮肤毛细血管通透性增高,与对照组比较均有显著性差异.结论 大蝎子草提取物水层有较好的抗炎镇痛作用,醋酸乙酯层和氯仿层具有镇痛作用,为活性成分的寻找提供了研究基础和方向.     

马鞭草抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：探讨马鞭草的抗炎镇痛作用。方法：抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀等常规抗炎模型;镇痛实验采用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果：马鞭草提取物可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀及角又菜胶引起的大鼠足跖肿胀,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的增重及醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值。结论：马鞭草有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。     

竹节人参抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:探讨竹节人参的抗炎镇痛作用。方法:抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀等常规抗炎模型;镇痛实验采用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果:竹节人参提取物可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀及角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足跖肿胀,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的增重及醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值。结论:竹节人参有明显的抗炎镇痛作用。     

刺茎楤木根皮抗炎镇痛作用的研究

目的 探讨刺茎楤木根皮的抗炎镇痛作用. 方法抗炎实验采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀角叉菜胶致鼠足肿胀大鼠棉球肉芽肿等常规炎症模型;镇痛实验采用热板法和醋酸扭体法.结果 刺茎楤木根皮提取物可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廊肿胀及角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足跖肿胀,能显著抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿的增重及醋酸致小鼠扭体反应,可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阀值.结论 刺茎楤木根皮有明显的抗炎镇痛作用.     

苗药黑骨藤配伍金铁锁不同提取物的镇痛抗炎作用研究

目的探讨苗药黑骨藤配伍金铁锁不同极性溶剂提取物的镇痛、抗炎活性。方法采用热板法和醋酸扭体法进行镇痛实验,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀实验,对黑骨藤配伍金铁锁的水提取物、70%乙醇提取物进行镇痛和抗炎作用实验研究。结果黑骨藤配伍金铁锁水提取物能提高小鼠痛阈值,对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应有一定抑制作用,对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀也具抑制作用;两药配伍的70%乙醇提取物显著提高小鼠痛阈值,对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应具显著抑制作用,对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显抑制作用。结论在相同剂量下,黑骨藤配伍金铁锁70%乙醇提取物的镇痛抗炎作用显著优于水提取物的镇痛抗炎作用。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of Inonotus obliquus, Polygala senega L., and Viburnum trilobum in a cell screening assay

Aim of the study

The purpose of the study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Chaga), Polygala senega (Senega) and Viburnum trilobum (Cranberry) bark extract fractions from locally produced materials in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced murine macrophage RAW 164.7 cells.

Materials and methods

Four fractions from each of the three extracts were obtained: (80% ethanol extracted; Fa), (water-soluble polysaccharide fraction; Fb), (Polyphenolic fraction; Fc) and (ETOAc/H₂O extracted fraction; Fd). These extract fractions were tested in the cell screening system at 50,100 and 500 μg/ml for their ability to inhibit LPS induced inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6. Supernatants from LPS alone treated cells were used as control. The cytokines in the cell culture supernatants following treatments with extract fractions were quantified by ELISA method, using 96 well ELISA plates.

Results

All fractions of the extracts significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα except the polyphenolic Fc fraction of Senega which showed an increased production of IL-6. Furthermore, each fraction showed a dose-dependant anti-inflammatory effect. Nitric oxide production was not affected by cranberry and senega, while Chaga significantly reduced NO production in murine macrophage cell assay.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that the extracts obtained from the root of Polygala senega L., bark of Viburnum trilobum, and the mushroom Inonotus obliquus possess anti-inflammatory properties when tested in a RAW 264.7 macrophage cell system.     

Evaluation of the analgesic and topical anti-inflammatory effects of Hypericum reflexum L. fil

The present study investigates the analgesic and topical anti-inflammatory effects of the infusion, methanol extract and fractions of the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum reflexum L. fil. in mice. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, tail flick test and the tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear inflammation model in mice were used to determine these effects. Our findings show that oral administration of all extracts tested from this species significantly inhibit acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Only the methanol extract and chloroform fraction were significantly active in both phases of formalin-induced pain and in the tail flick assays, suggesting that they may have central analgesic properties. On the other hand, the topical treatment of methanol extract, butanol and chloroform fractions of this species significantly reduced the TPA-induced ear oedema. In conclusion, the results indicate analgesic and topical anti-inflammatory activities in mice for the Hypericum species studied.     

Analgesic and topical anti-inflammatory activity of Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait

The present study investigates the analgesic and topical anti-inflammatory activities of the infusion, methanol extract and fractions of the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. in mice. The acetic acid-induced writhing test, tail flick test and the tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear inflammation model in mice were used to determine these effects. Our findings show that oral administration of methanol extracts, and the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions of both species and the infusions of Hypericum glandulosum significantly inhibit acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Only the infusion, methanol extract and butanol and chloroform fractions of Hypericum glandulosum were significantly active in the tail flick assay, suggesting that they may have central analgesic properties. On the other hand, the topical treatment of all extracts tested from both species, with the exception of the infusions and the Hypericum canariense aqueous fraction, significantly reduced the TPA-induced ear oedema. In conclusion, the results indicate analgesic and topical anti-inflammatory activities in mice for the Hypericum species studied.     

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Liu-Shen-Wan and its individual fractions

Liu-Shen-Wan (LSW), a famous traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of upper respiratory tract inflammation, was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Acetic acid-elevated vascular permeability, carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na)-induced leukocyte migration and ear edema induced by picryl chloride were used to test anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests were used to determine analgesic effect. It was observed that LSW exerted significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in these models at doses of 30 and 90mg/kg crude drug in vivo. In addition, LSW potently inhibited proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) stimulated by streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin at doses of 0.5-5microg/ml in vitro. LSW was then partitioned with chloroform, methanol, water and mineral fraction. Several fractions inhibited inflammation and pain in varying degrees. Among them, chloroform fraction was the most active in hot-plate and writhing tests, and exerted the remarkable inhibitory effect on human PBMC proliferation. Methanol and water fractions had more suppressive activities in vascular permeability, leukocyte migration and PC-DTH tests. These results suggest that LSW has significantly anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The chloroform fraction is a key fraction of LSW to the overall anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, while methanol and water fractions also partly contribute to anti-inflammatory activities of LSW.     

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of folklore: Mallotus peltatus leaf extract

Since ages Mallotus peltatus (Geist) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus (Euphorbiaceae) leaf and stem bark is used in folk medicine to cure intestinal ailments and skin infections. In several intestinal ailments, localized inflammation is of common occurrence and hence we have evaluated the antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory activity of M. peltatus leaf extract. The crude methanol extract of M. peltatus leaves was found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis and the dermatophytic fungi Microsporum gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges from 128 to 2000 microg ml(-1) for bacteria and 128 mg ml(-1) for fungi, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 2-4-fold higher than MIC. The methanol-water fraction of the extract showed similar activity against Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Proteus isolates. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract against carrageenan (acute model) and dextran-induced (subacute model) rat paw oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma (chronic model) in rats were studied using indomethacin (10 mg kg(-1)), a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug, as standard. The methanol extract at 200 and 400 mg kg(-1), and the n-butanol fractions A and B at 25 mg kg(-1), exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in Albino rats, compared with indomethacin. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and reducing sugars in the crude extract while the n-butanol fractions showed the presence of ursolic acid, beta-sitosterol and some fatty acids as major compounds. Further study with fractions showed that the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity is due to either fraction A (ursolic acid) alone or the combination of fractions A and B (beta-sitosterol and fatty acids) of the extract.     

In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Cheilanthes farinosa

In Ethiopia inflammatory skin diseases are among the most common health problems treated with traditional remedies which mainly comprise medicinal plants. In the present work, the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Cheilanthes farinosa (Forsk.) Kaulf (Adianthaceae), a fern used in many parts of Ethiopia to treat inflammatory skin disorders, were studied using in vivo models of inflammation and pain. The results of the study showed that the fronds Cheilanthes farinosa possess strong anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties. It was further demonstrated that the active ingredients of the fern reside mainly in the methanol fraction from which three compounds viz. the flavonol glycoside rutin, and the natural cinnamic acids, caffeic acid and its quinic acid derivative chlorogenic acid have been isolated. The methanol extract was also shown to potentiate the anti-inflammatory activity of acetyl salicylic acid. At the tested concentrations, the methanol extract displayed a better anti-nociceptive activity than that of ASA in both the early and late phases of formalin induced nociception in mice. However, the activity of the extract was more pronounced in the late phase, which is commonly associated with inflammatory pain. Evaluation of the pharmacological properties of the compounds isolated from the active fractions pointed out that chlorogenic acid possesses strong anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities while caffeic acid and rutin were inactive. Moreover, on molar basis chlorogenic acid was proved to be superior in its anti-inflammatory action to acetyl salicylic acid. It was therefore concluded that chlorogenic acid contributes, in full or in part, to the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Cheilanthes farinosa. Both the methanolic extract and pure chlorogenic acid failed to display anti-nociceptive activity when tested by the tail-flick test indicating that the plant is not a centrally acting analgesic but instead exerts its analgesic activity by way of its antinflammtory action.     

Anti-inflammatory evaluation of Solidago chilensis Meyen in a murine model of pleurisy

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and the mechanism of action of the aqueous extracts obtained from rhizomes, leaves and inflorescences of Solidago chilensis in the mouse model of pleurisy. The extracts were prepared by infusion and were lyophilized. RESULTS: The aqueous extracts of rhizomes, leaves or inflorescences inhibited leukocytes, neutrophils and exudation (P<0.05) in the inflammation induced by carrageenan. The rhizomes aqueous extract, butanolic and aqueous residual fractions inhibited leukocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, adenosine-deaminase, and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in the inflammation induced by carrageenan (P<0.05). The rhizome aqueous extract and butanolic fraction also inhibited exudation, nitric oxide, and interleukin-1 beta levels (P<0.05). The rhizomes aqueous extract and its two derived fractions reduced leukocytes and mononuclears in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine, or substance P (P<0.05) and neutrophils in the pleurisy induced by histamine or substance P (P<0.05). Only aqueous residual fraction inhibited neutrophils induced by bradykinin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Solidago chilensis aqueous extracts from leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes demonstrated an important anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting cells in the inflammation caused by carrageenan. In addition, the rhizomes aqueous extract and its derived fractions also decreased pro-inflammatory mediators release into the site of the inflammatory process. The rhizomes aqueous extract and the butanolic fraction showed more evident anti-inflammatory actions.     

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the stem bark extracts of Erythrophleum suaveolens (Caesalpiniaceae), Guillemin & Perrottet

The MeOH stem bark extract of Erythrophleum suaveolens dissolved in water and shaken up with ethylacetate (EtOAc) and fractionated on a polyamide column with methanol as eluent produced five principal fractions. These fractions were designated as fraction A (74.8 mg yield and rich in alkaloids), fraction B (36.6 mg), fraction C (7.8 mg yield, monomeric procyanidin), fraction D (26.6 mg yield, rich in monomeric and oligomeric procyanidin), and fraction E (18.1 mg yield, rich in polymeric procyanidin). The original MeOH extract administered (100 mg/kg po) produced about 47% inhibition of carrageenin-induced paw oedema 1 h after administration. Fraction D, obtained from the ethylacetate extract and rich in procyanidins produced over 33% inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema while a dose of 19.2 microg/ml produced 100% inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase. A dose of 100 mg/kg of the MeOH extract also produced over 30% reduction of the sensitivity to pain while 50 mg/kg of fraction D rich in procyanidins produced over 45% analgesic effects. These results were judged significant compared to those obtained with indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. These findings suggest that extracts of the bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens possess potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic property and that the procyanidins lead to the observable pharmacological effects.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of crude methanolic extract and fractions of Alchornea cordifolia leaves

The leaves of Alchornea cordifolia were collected, identified, dried, and reduced to coarse powder and extracted with aqueous methanol. Using various solvent treatments, the powdered dried leaf was fractionated into five fractions, A1, A2, B, C, D and E. The fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis to identify the biologically active constituents. The anti-inflammatory effects of crude methanolic extract (ME) of Alchornea cordifolia leaves and the five fractions were evaluated using egg-albumen-induced rat hind paw oedema as a model of inflammation. The crude extract was also subjected to acute toxicity test. Fraction A2, which exhibited the most promising anti-inflammatory effect, was also subjected to analgesic and ulcerogenic tests. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins and traces of alkaloids. The LD(50) of the aqueous ME was found to be 1131.4 mg/kg. The crude ME (50 mg/kg) gave anti-inflammatory activity which was significant (P<0.05) at all the observation times (1-3h). The different solvent fractions exhibited varying degrees of anti-inflammatory activities, with terpenoid fraction (A2) and the tannin-containing multi-component fraction (D) showing very high and significant (P<0.01) activity at 100mg/kg, with percentage inhibition of oedema value of 87.69 each. In conclusion, the aqueous ME of Alchornea cordifolia leaves could be beneficial in the management of different inflammatory disease states. Its anti-inflammatory activity may not be attributed only to the terpenoid content.     

Antidepressant activity of some Hypericum reflexum L. fil. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice

We previously reported that oral administration of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum reflexum L. fil. was active in the tetrabenazine and forced swimming test. In the present study, the effect of the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions obtained from the methanol extract of this species on the central nervous system was investigated in mice, particularly in animal models of depression. Antidepressant activity was detected in the butanol and chloroform fractions of this species using the forced swimming test since both fractions induced a significant reduction of the immobility time, producing no effects or only a slight depression on spontaneous motor activity when assessed in a photocell activity meter. Moreover, these fractions did not alter significantly the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. On the other hand, the chloroform fraction produced a slight but significant hypothermia and was also effective in antagonizing the ptosis induced by tetrabenazine. Furthermore, the butanol fraction produced a slight potentiation of the head twitches and syndrome induced by 5-HTP. Taken together, these data indicate that the butanol and chloroform fractions from Hypericum reflexum possess antidepressant-like effects in mice, providing further support for the traditional use of these plants in the Canary Islands folk medicine against central nervous disorders.