多方式腓骨及皮瓣移植修复四肢骨及软组织缺损

目的 探讨带血管的腓骨及皮瓣移植修复四肢骨及软组织缺损的疗效.方法 用腓骨转位修复胫骨缺损4例;游离腓骨移植中折叠移植3例,其中修复股骨下端缺损2例、跟骨缺损1例;单根移植修复胫骨、桡骨、跖骨缺损11例;半面腓骨移植修复掌骨缺损2例.同时均带皮瓣修复骨及软组织缺损.结果 20例全部成活,骨愈合时间为6～ 10周,3～6个月后负重,15例随访6个月～4年,移植骨增粗,下肢正常行走,移植皮瓣弹性好,上肢及手部恢复抓握旋转功能.结论 多方式带血管的腓骨及皮瓣移植是治疗四肢及手术骨和软组织缺损的有效方法.     

膝关节融合治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤

目的 探讨应用自体腓骨移植联合膝关节融合治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的应用及临床效果.方法 对5例股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤行整块切除术后骨缺损,采用游离腓骨移植联合钢板内固定行膝关节融合术重建下肢功能.结果 随访20～40个月,MSTS评分21～27分,骨折愈合时间6～18个月,无移植骨吸收和骨折,无病灶复发,恢复正常工作劳动.结论 肿瘤整块切除联合腓骨移植膝关节融合术是治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤的一种良好选择.     

吻合血管的双腓骨并联移植修复长段股骨缺损

股骨干长段缺损的修复较为困难，过去有采用吻合血管的单根腓骨移植、双腓骨折叠移植以及组合移植等方法。１９９５年１２月，采用了吻合血管的自体双腓骨并联移植，将双侧腓骨滋养血管的对侧缘剥离部分骨膜袖，使双腓骨裸露骨面对合后，缝合骨膜袖，重建并联后的腓骨血循环，修复一例４岁儿童股骨缺损８ｃｍ。术后随访１年１０个月，并联腓骨融合成为一根直径与自体股骨相当的新骨，骨髓腔与股骨相通。这种技术可用于修复肱骨、胫骨、股骨干及股骨下段、胫骨上段肿瘤切除后的长段缺损。     

有血运骨膜内组合的双段腓骨移植修复负重长段粗骨缺损

目的:探讨骨膜内组合双腓骨移植修复长管负重骨缺损的方法.方法:将吻合血管的双腓骨或双段腓骨的前内侧骨膜从中央纵行切开并向两侧剥离至骨嵴,双腓骨或双段腓骨折叠,其前内侧面相对,两断端固定,将相对缘游离的骨膜纵行缝合,使其组合为一个骨膜包裹的粗骨,修复骨缺损.结果:34例长管负重骨缺损均获得良好骨愈合,移植骨无折断.结论:骨膜内组合双腓骨移植是修复长管负重骨缺损的良好方法.     

肱骨远端难治性骨不连的修复

目的 探索肱骨远端难治性骨缺损与骨不连的显微外科修复方法。方法 肱骨远端骨缺损与骨不连12例，均有外科手术史及植骨史，病程8个月～3年10个月，平均12．5个月。肢体短缩4～11cm，其中8例假关节形成，4例缺损3～5cm。采用解剖钢板固定为支架，取吻合血管的腓骨移植修复，移植腓骨长5～15cm，平均8．5cm。结果 术后12例均获随访3～18个月，平均8．5个月。移植腓骨3～8个月全部愈合，随愈合时间延长，移植腓骨增粗，髓腔再通。退行变的肘关节面骨质恢复正常，肘关节伸屈、前臂旋转功能获得恢复，肢体短缩获得纠正，持重及精细操作均达到满意效果。结论 钢板内固定加吻合血管腓骨移植用于邻近关节疑难骨缺损、骨不连的修复，可重建关节功能，免除关节假体置换。     

有血运骨膜内组合的双段腓骨移植修复负重长段粗骨缺损

目的探讨骨膜内组合双腓骨移植修复长管负重骨缺损的方法。方法将吻合血管的双腓骨或双段腓骨的前内侧骨膜从中央纵行切开并向两侧剥离至骨嵴，双腓骨或双段腓骨折叠，其前内侧面相对，两断端固定，将相对缘游离的骨膜纵行缝合，使其组合为一个骨膜包裹的粗骨，修复骨缺损。结果34例长管负重骨缺损均获得良好骨愈合，移植骨无折断。结论骨膜内组合双腓骨移植是修复长管负重骨缺损的良好方法。     

膝关节融合治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤

目的：探讨应用自体腓骨移植联合膝关节融合治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤的应用及临床效果。方法：自2007-2009年对5例股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤（Campanacci Ⅲ级）行整块切除术后骨缺损,采用游离腓骨移植联合钢板内固定行膝关节融合术重建下肢功能。结果：所有患者随访20～80个月,疼痛症状消失,MSTS评分21～27分,骨愈合时间6—18个月,无移植骨吸收和骨折,恢复正常工作劳动。所有患者均未出现病变复发及肺转移。结论：肿瘤整块切除联合腓骨移植膝关节融合术是治疗股骨远端侵袭性骨巨细胞瘤的一种良好选择。     

有血运骨膜内组合的双段腓骨移植修复负重长段粗骨缺损

目的：探讨骨膜内组合双腓骨移植修复长管负重骨缺损的方法。方法：将吻合血管的双腓骨或双段腓骨的前内侧骨膜从中央纵行切开并向两侧剥离至骨嵴，双腓骨或双段腓骨折叠，其前内侧面相对，两断端固定，将相对缘游离的骨膜纵行缝合，使其组合为一个骨膜包裹的粗骨，修复骨缺损。结果：34例长管负重骨缺损均获得良好骨愈合，移植骨无折断。结论：骨膜内组合双腓骨移植是修复长管负重骨缺损的良好方法。     

同种异体骨移植修复骨纤维异样增殖症术后骨缺损

目的观察同种异体皮质骨移植可吸收钉固定修复骨纤维异样增殖症刮除术后皮质骨缺损的疗效。方法自2004年3月至2007年4月我科共收治骨纤维异样增殖症24例,其中股骨11例,肱骨5例,合并桡骨2例,股骨颈及转子间1例,胫骨6例（合并腓骨1例）,单纯腓骨1例。24例中6例出现病理骨折并骨愈合。所有患者入院后行病灶刮除,松质骨打压植骨后运用同种异体皮质骨移植可吸收螺钉固定修复皮质骨缺损。术后1、2、3、6、9、12个月对患者进行门诊随访,此后每年随访一次,观察患者的移植骨愈合、并发症及患肢功能恢复情况。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ/甲级愈合。术后1年,24例患者植入的骨粒及皮质骨块与正常骨质均基本融合;术后1年3例失访,随访的21例术后2～5年移植骨吸收重建,骨缺损修复,病灶消失,其中14例骨干病灶中有6例髓腔再通。3例残留手术区域隐痛,与天气变化有关。所有患者截止随访末期功能均良好,无复发。1例患者术后3年邻近腓骨出现新病灶,5年后因摔伤导致腓骨病理性骨折,但胫骨无骨折。结论同种异体皮质骨移植可吸收钉固定修复骨纤维异样增殖症刮除术后皮质骨缺损疗效可靠。     

倒置股骨远端微创内固定系统治疗股骨近段骨不连

目的 报告倒置股骨远端微创内同定系统(LISS)治疗股骨近段骨不连的效果及其评价. 方法2003年4月至2007年2月采用对侧股骨远端LISS倒置固定治疗股骨近段骨折术后骨不连17例,其中肥大型8例,萎缩型6例,骨缺损型3例.所有患者均进行植骨,其中局部滑行加骨痂植骨6例,自体髂骨植骨9例,吻合血管的游离腓骨移植2例. 结果术后所有患者获得5～32个月(平均13.8个月)随访,所有骨折均顺利愈合,无切口感染,接骨板螺钉松动、断裂发生;完全负重时间16.5周(11～28周).采用Sanders创伤后髋关节评分标准评估髋关节功能:优10例,良5例,差2例,优良率88.2%.结论 倒置股骨远端LISS固定辅以自体骨植骨能明显促进骨折愈合,是治疗股骨近段骨不连的有效方法.     

Free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft to the tibia

We reviewed the clinical results of reconstruction performed for extensive tibial bone and soft tissue defect with a free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft in 46 patients (43 male and 3 female). The mean duration of follow-up was 30 months (range 13-76 months). The mean age at the time of reconstruction was 41 years (range 15-66 years). In the 46 consecutive procedures of free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular grafts, bony union was achieved in 43 grafted fibulae at an average of 3.75 months after operation. There were two delayed unions and one non-union. Forty-four cutaneous flaps survived, and two cutaneous flaps failed due to deep infection and venous insufficiency. One necrotized cutaneous flap was replaced with a latissimus dorsi free flap and the other with a soleus muscle rotational flap without replacing the grafted fibulae; unions were obtained without significance complications. All grafted fibulae hypertrophied during the follow-up periods. The most common complication was fracture of the grafted fibulae in 15 patients, and it occurred at an average of 9.7 months after the reconstruction. The fractured fibulae were treated with long leg above-the-knee cast immobilization or internal fixation with conventional cancellous bone graft. Free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft is a good treatment modality for the reconstruction of extensive bone and soft tissue defect in the leg. Fracture of the grafted fibula, one of the most common complications after this operation, can easily be treated with cast immobilization or internal fixation with conventional cancellous bone graft.     

Free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft to the tibia in 51 consecutive cases

The authors reviewed retrospectively the clinical results of 51 consecutive cases of vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft to the tibia for the reconstruction of extensive tibial bone and soft-tissue defects. The mean duration of follow-up was 31 months (range: 13 to 76 months). In the 51 procedures of free vascularized osteocutaneous fibula graft from the contralateral side, bony union was achieved in 48 cases at an average of 3.74 months after the operation, except for two cases of non-union and two cases of delayed union. Forty-eight cutaneous flaps survived, and three cutaneous flaps failed due to deep infection and venous thrombosis. All united fibulae hypertrophied during the follow-up periods. Stress fracture of the grafted fibula was the most common complication (16 cases), and it was treated with above-the-knee cast immobilization or internal fixation with a conventional cancellous bone graft. The free vascularized osteocutaneous fibular graft is recommended as a useful treatment modality for the reconstruction of extensive tibial defects combined with soft tissue injury.     

复合骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损

目的 报道复合骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损的临床疗效。方法 2001年1月-2002年12月应用带监测皮岛的自体腓骨与大段同种异体深低温冷冻骨关节复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损10例。结果 10例均得到随访，随访时间5～24个月。移植的自体腓骨长度最长28cm，最短15cm。8例在术后3个月即有影像学骨性愈合，10例均于术后半年完全负重和邻近关节自由活动，术后超过1年的5例均已拆除内固定，术后1年均完全愈合。结论 带监测皮岛的自体腓骨与大段同种异体深低温冷冻骨关节复合移植是修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损的有效且可靠的方法，可用于骨肿瘤保肢术中。     

复合骨形态蛋白-2的聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/磷酸三钙人工骨结合带血供组织修复羊大段骨缺损的试验研究

目的研究复合骨形态蛋白-2的聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/磷酸三钙(PLGA-TCP-BMP-2)人工骨结合尺骨骨膜及长段自体骨移植修复大段骨缺损的效果。方法手术造成30 mm绵羊桡骨骨缺损,A组植入人工骨及带血运的长段尺骨,B组植入人工骨及带血运的尺骨骨膜,C组仅植入人工骨,D组不植入任何材料。四组均以钢板固定桡骨缺损区。术后行X线摄片,24周处死行CT及组织学检查,进行系统评价。结果 X线检查示术后放射学评分A组高于其它各组。组织学结果显示,A组新生骨完全修复骨缺损区;B组新生骨与断端皮质骨融合,新生骨痂较为纤细;C组新生板层骨及骨陷窝排列较为紊乱;D组无骨连接表现。A、B、C组均未见人工骨材料残留。A组组织学评分最高,D组最低,差异有显著性。结论PLGA-TCP-BMP-2人工骨结合长段自体骨或带血供尺骨骨膜移植能够很好的修复绵羊桡骨大段骨缺损。     

带血管腓骨复合异体骨修复长骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的 探讨带血管腓骨复合异体骨重建长骨恶性肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床结果.方法 2006年4月至2009年10月对19例四肢长骨恶性骨肿瘤患者行保肢手术,男11例,女8例;年龄11～37岁,平均(18.5±7.6)岁.肱骨5例、股骨7例、胫骨7例.肿瘤切除后骨缺损长度(13.2±4.3)cm,采用带血管自体腓骨复合大段异体...     

带血运骨膜管移植和骨充填物修复桡骨长段缺损的研究

目的：探讨联合应用带血运骨膜管移植和骨充填物治疗兔桡骨长段缺损的效果。方法：实验分两部分，分别选用幼兔和成年兔各40只，根据填充物的不同分为4组，将兔双侧桡骨干中段切除3cm制成骨长段缺损模型，保留切骨段骨膜，重新重原缝合后作带血运骨膜管移植模型，左侧分别用自体骨，同种异体脱钙骨，磷酸三钙陶瓷和羟基磷灰石进行填充，右侧不行任何填作为对照。观察3个月。通过X线片，髓强度，骨密度和组织学检查等方法，了解骨缺损的修复效果。结果：幼兔术后6周，所有实验组双侧的骨缺损均得到修复，术后12周，磷酸三钙陶瓷和羟基磷灰石组桡骨抗弯曲强度较差与自体骨组、同种异体脱钙骨组和对照侧比较具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；骨愈合为膜内成骨和软骨成骨，以膜内成骨为主，成年兔；各组实验侧骨缺损修复率分别为：自体骨组50％；同种异体脱钙骨组40％；磷酸三钙陶瓷和羟基磷灰石组为30％。对照侧骨缺损修复率为42．5％，结论：幼兔单行单血运骨管移植或结合应用骨充填物均可有效修复骨长段缺损，但置换较慢的骨充填物不利于再生骨强度的恢复，成年兔带血运骨膜移植联合应用骨填充物不能有效修复骨长段缺损。     

Reconstruction of large traumatic segmental defects of the femur using segmental allograft with vascularized fibula inlay

Segmental defects of the distal femur following trauma pose a reconstructive challenge. A stable reconstruction capable of withstanding high forces while allowing early mobility is paramount. The Capanna technique of reconstruction combining allograft with vascularized bone graft provides such a construct and has been described for oncological resection. We describe a modified Capanna technique, the "inlay" construct. Three reconstructions were performed for distal femoral segmental loss following trauma. One patient had bilateral reconstructions. Bone defects measuring 11, 9, and 8 cm were reconstructed using a large segmental allograft and free fibular flap inlay assembly. Both patients made uneventful recoveries and achieved full weight-bearing without walking aids 6 months postreconstruction. Range of movement of each knee joint achieved at least 90 degrees of active flexion. We have shown that large segmental traumatic defects of the femur can be successfully reconstructed using segmental allograft with vascularized fibula inlay. This reconstruction provides early mechanical stability, protecting the fibula from fracturing and allowing axial loading of healing bone. The inlay assembly allows a large area of bony contact between allograft and vascularized bone, optimizing bony healing. It is a good alternative to other established techniques of managing significant segmental defects of the distal femur.     

Vascularized bone grafts for upper limb reconstruction: defects at the distal radius, wrist, and hand

Vascularized bone grafts have been successfully applied for the reconstruction of bone defects at the forearm, distal radius, carpus, and hand. Vascularized bone grafts are most commonly used in revision cases in which other approaches have failed. Vascularized bone grafts can be obtained from a variety of donor sites, including the fibula, the iliac crest, the distal radius (corticocancellous segments and vascularized periosteum), the metacarpals and metatarsals, and the medial femoral condyle (corticoperiosteal flaps). Their vascularity is preserved as either pedicled autografts or free flaps to carry the optimum biological potential to enhance union. The grafts can also be transferred as composite tissue flaps to reconstruct compound tissue defects. Selection of the most appropriate donor flap site is multifactorial. Considerations include size matching between donor and defect, the structural characteristics of the graft, the mechanical demands of the defect, proximity to the donor area, the need for an anastomosis, the duration of the procedure, and the donor site morbidity. This article focuses on defects of the distal radius, the wrist, and the hand.     

Upper limb salvage with microvascular bone transfer for major long-bone segmental tumor resections

A series of 14 young, active patients who underwent vascularized bone graft reconstructions of large (9-15 cm) segmental skeletal defects of the upper extremity resulting from resection of a variety of bony tumors is presented. Eight defects involved the proximal humerus and required shoulder joint reconstruction, two were mid humeral and four involved the distal radius. Surgical techniques for both distal radius reconstruction with vascularized iliac crest and vascularized fibular head and glenohumeral reconstruction using the vascularized fibula are described. Several cases are discussed in detail, including achievement of bony union, postoperative range of motion and pain, and each patient's ability to resume activities. The literature is reviewed, and other reconstructive options for large bony defects of the upper extremity after tumor resection are discussed: nonvascularized bone grafts, allograft transfer, and custom prosthetic devices. The authors think that vascularized bone grafting offers the most favorable method of upper extremity salvage with preservation of joint function, especially at the shoulder.