Osteochondrosen des kindlichen Fußes

Osteochondrosis is a heterogeneous group of self-limiting conditions characterized by disturbance of enchondral ossification caused by a lack of circulation. Foot pain is a relatively common problem in children and adolescents and may be due to osteochondrosis. Osteochondrosis of the growing foot shows painful radiological alterations including increased density, fragmentation and irregularity of the epiphyses, physes and apophyses. Lacking etiologic and pathophysiologic information, ostoechondroses have been documented in almost every bone of the foot and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating pediatric foot pain. The most common localizations of osteochondroses of the growing foot include the navicular as Kohler’s syndrome, the metatarsal as Freiberg’s infraction and calcaneal apophysitis as Sever’s disease. Prognosis and final outcome vary considerably between the different localizations. Physicians should therefore be informed about the etiology, clinical presentation and treatment options for osteochondroses of the growing foot.     

Light Bulb Procedure for the Treatment of Tarsal Navicular Osteonecrosis After Failed Percutaneous Decompression: A Case Report

Tarsal navicular osteonecrosis in adults is a rare condition with unclear etiology, and the optimal treatment has not been established. Here we report a case of tarsal navicular osteonecrosis with a complete course of treatment and comprehensive imaging studies starting at an early stage. A 37-year-old female diagnosed with tarsal navicular osteonecrosis was first treated with percutaneous decompression, but her symptoms persisted postoperatively. The tarsal navicular showed no further collapse, but follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 months postoperatively revealed persistent osteonecrotic changes. Debridement of the necrotic bone with preservation of the cortical shell and bone substitute packing for the defect (light bulb procedure) were performed. The symptoms resolved by 3 months postoperatively, and the patient could return to work. At a 6-year follow-up visit, the patient was free of symptoms, and MRI showed remodeling of the tarsal navicular without further collapse.     

Osteonecrosis of the accessory navicular bone

A case of osteonecrosis of the accessory navicular bone is reported. This entity should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of painful accessory navicular. Received: 20 October 2000     

Complete spontaneous avascular necrosis of the adult navicula associated with Mee's growth arrest lines of the great and second toenails

Spontaneous total avascular necrosis of the tarsal navicula has been well documented in children (Kohler's disease) but is uncommon in adults where partial necrosis is usually seen after trauma or in Müller-Weiss disease. A case of spontaneous complete navicular osteonecrosis in a 46 year old female is described; she had accompanying Mee's leuchonychial lines in the toenails of the great and second toes only; the lines resolved after 9 months. She has been treated with an excision of the navicula and interpositional iliac crest bone graft talo-cuneiform fusion with resolution of her pain. It is postulated that the combination of the Mee's lines and avascular necrosis of the navicula indicates an occlusion of the dorsalis pedis in a predisposed individual.     

Adult Flat Foot With Multiple Accessory Navicular Bones Treated Surgically: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Multiple accessory navicular bones is an extremely rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, only 8 cases in 2 imaging studies have been published. We report a case of a patient with flat foot with 2 accessory navicular bones. This patient needed to be treated surgically, and the surgery was successful, with short-term follow-up. We believe this is the first case of multiple accessory navicular bones to be treated surgically in English literature. The incidence of multiple accessory navicular bones might be higher. There is a risk to remaining ossicles without resection or fixation during surgery; therefore, we strongly recommend using not only radiographs, but also 3-dimensional computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging scans to confirm the type of accessory navicular bone, at least before surgery, for both painful accessory navicular bone and flat foot with accessory navicular bone.     

Treatment of Chopart Fracture-Dislocations

The Chopart articular space was used by Fran?ois Chopart (1743–1795) as a practical space for amputation in cases of distal foot tumor. It corresponds to the center of the foot and allows for essential articulation by means of the talo-calcaneo-navicular joint (coxa pedis). Chopart fracture-dislocations may therefore include fractures of the navicular, the cuboid, the talus, and calcaneus. The treatment priorities should therefore include addressing all of the injured soft tissues by immediate joint reduction or restoring bony alignment, including the avoidance of threatening compartment syndromes. Subsequent anatomical bone and joint reconstruction, if possible, should first address the talar head and the navicular. The anterior process of the calcaneus and the cuboid should be aligned to preserve foot alignment in the sagittal and horizontal planes. In severe joint destructions, isolated fusion of the calcaneo-cuboidal joint may help preserve functional mobility of the foot. Isolated or associated talo-navicular fusion considerably limits functional mobility of the foot.     

Tibialis posterior tendon abnormalities in feet with accessory navicular bone and flatfoot

To assess tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) pathology, we investigated 27 feet with the accessory navicular bone and 22 normal feet by MRI. We found two major anatomical differences in the feet with the accessory navicular bone; the TPT directly inserted in the accessory navicular bone, without any continuity to the sole of the foot or with a slip, less than 1 mm in thickness, and there was a mass with the density of fibrocartilage tissue, between the tendon and the bone in 20/27 feet. These abnormalities were not detected in the control group. 3 patients in the study group were operated on and the MRI findings were confirmed. These findings suggest that patients with the accessory navicular bone and flatfoot should be examined by MRI for insertion abnormalities of the TPT.     

Maladie de Muller-Weiss idiopathique : à propos d’un cas traité chirurgicalement

The authors report a case of idiopathic Muller-Weiss disease in a 34-year-old male. Treatment was surgical and consisted in a fusion of talonavicular and naviculocuneiform joints, with excellent clinical results. X-rays showed that osteonecrosis of navicular bone was stopped.     

Distribution and correlates of plantar hyperkeratotic lesions in older people

Background

The navicular drop test is a measure to evaluate the function of the medial longitudinal arch, which is important for examination of patients with overuse injuries. Conflicting results have been found with regard to differences in navicular drop between healthy and injured participants. Normal values have not yet been established as foot length, age, gender, and Body Mass Index (BMI) may influence the navicular drop. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of foot length, age, gender, and BMI on the navicular drop during walking.

Methods

Navicular drop was measured with a novel technique (Video Sequence Analysis, VSA) using 2D video. Flat reflective markers were placed on the medial side of the calcaneus, the navicular tuberosity, and the head of the first metatarsal bone. The navicular drop was calculated as the perpendicular distance between the marker on the navicular tuberosity and the line between the markers on calcaneus and first metatarsal head. The distance between the floor and the line in standing position between the markers on calcaneus and first metatarsal were added afterwards.

Results

280 randomly selected participants without any foot problems were analysed during treadmill walking (144 men, 136 women). Foot length had a significant influence on the navicular drop in both men (p < 0.001) and women (p = 0.015), whereas no significant effect was found of age (p = 0.27) or BMI (p = 0.88). Per 10 mm increase in foot length, the navicular drop increased by 0.40 mm for males and 0.31 mm for females. Linear models were created to calculate the navicular drop relative to foot length.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the dynamic navicular drop is influenced by foot length and gender. Lack of adjustment for these factors may explain, at least to some extent, the disagreement between previous studies on navicular drop. Future studies should account for differences in these parameters.     

Tibialis posterior tendon abnormalities in feet with accessory navicular bone and flatfoot

To assess tibialis posterior tendon (TPT) pathology, we investigated 27 feet with the accessory navicular bone and 22 normal feet by MRI. We found two major anatomical differences in the feet with the accessory navicular bone; the TPT directly inserted in the accessory navicular bone, without any continuity to the sole of the foot or with a slip, less than 1 mm in thickness, and there was a mass with the density of fibrocartilage tissue, between the tendon and the bone in 20/ 27 feet. These abnormalities were not detected in the control group. 3 patients in the study group were operated on and the MRI findings were confirmed. These findings suggest that patients with the accessory navicular bone and flatfoot should be examined by MRI for insertion abnormalities of the TPT.     

La tuberculose des os du pied : à propos de deux cas

We are reporting on two cases of tuberculosis of the bones of the foot, one located in the navicular cuneiform, intercuneiform, navicular cuboid and tarsometatarsal joints and the other in the fourth metatarsal. The clinical signs are often misleading and should be complemented by additional investigations (X-rays, CT scans and MRI). A biopsy is crucial in confirming the tuberculosis diagnosis. Antituberculosis treatment is effective and should be continued for nine months. It is beneficial to note that any persistent clinical symptoms or suspect bone lesion with an atypical presentation should be treated as a tuberculosis diagnosis in order to avoid any delays in diagnosis that could result in functional complications.     

Muller-Weiss病的临床研究进展

Muller-Weiss病是一种多发于中老年女性的足部疾病。该病的病因一直存在争议,现普遍认为足舟骨发育异常,以及作用于足舟骨表面的异常应力分布,是导致该病的主要原因。临床表现为负重时中足背侧的疼痛及进展性的"平足-内翻"畸形。外科手术是目前有效的治疗方法。本文就Muller-Weiss病的临床研究进展进行综述。     

Osteomyelitis of the accessory navicular bone in the foot. A case report

The accessory navicular is one of the most symptomatic bones of the foot. Osteonecrosis and fracture of this bone have been previously described. We report a case of osteomyelitis of an accessory navicular bone in a young girl, to make treating clinicians aware of this rare possibility.     

单纯副舟骨切除术治疗足副舟骨疼痛综合征

目的：观察及评价单纯副舟骨切除术治疗足副舟骨疼痛综合征的临床疗效。方法：从2006年11月至2008年12月,收治足副舟骨疼痛综合征患者23例25足,全部采用单纯副舟骨切除术治疗,其中男14例,女9例;年龄8～35岁,平均14.6岁;病程6个月～12年。主要症状是跑步或行走后足疼痛,多为间歇性,查体足舟骨粗隆处异常突起伴压痛,X线或CT检查发现副舟骨存在。治疗是以足副舟骨为中心做一长约2cm弧形切口,剖开或部分切断胫后肌腱,暴露出副舟骨并切除,明显突起的舟骨隆突部分咬除和修整,胫后肌腱均予修复。术后佩戴内翻位支具2周扶双拐不负重行走,2周后逐渐弃拐负重,3个月内避免剧烈跑跳运动。有残留症状者结合理疗和足弓垫支撑垫等处理措施。术后随访评估患者症状缓解程度及活动恢复情况。结果：所有病例术后随访3～18个月,平均12个月。症状完全消失21足,大部分缓解4足（其中3足合并轻度扁平足,1足合并陈旧扭伤）。平均住院5d,无切口感染,均恢复日常生活和工作。结论：单纯副舟骨切除术治疗足副舟骨疼痛综合征,对胫后肌腱损伤小,不干扰足底内侧纵弓,术后无须长时间制动,住院时间短,创伤小,临床疗效较好,特别适合无扁平足及陈旧足外伤患者。     

Inheritance of the accessory navicular bone

The accessory navicular bone is one of the most symptomatic bones of the foot. Although it has been reported to be present in various members of the same family, there is a lack of knowledge about its inheritance in the literature. We examined three families and suggest that it has an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Received: 4 August 1999     

Skewfoot

The deformity, congenital metatarsus adductus, has been given different names in various countries by different authors. In addition, there are both mild and severe forms, and some authors subdivide the deformity by degree. The severe form is also called skewfoot or serpentine foot, but to us these terms only appear to represent differences in degree. With regard to etiology, it has been found that a narrow uterus, for various reasons, seems to play a role, and that the foot and lower leg is rotated internally. If not treated early, the internal rotation of the lower leg increases and is frequently misdiagnosed. Conservative treatment consists, first of all, of plaster casts, with the lower leg rotated externally, the forefoot abducted, and the hindfoot supinated. The deformity itself consists of the adducted metatarsal bones and--to different degrees--a subluxation of the Chopart joint. In extreme cases there is a vertical medially directed talus and the navicular bone is displaced laterally. Different surgical procedures are discussed. We have found that the tendon of the anterior tibial muscle inserts more distally than usual at the base of the first metatarsal bone and winds itself towards the plantar side. For treatment, it is transferred to the dorsal side of the first cuneiform bone. In one child with severe serpentine feet, the posterior tibial muscle did not insert at the navicular bone but only inserted at the plantar side of the middle part of the foot. During the operation, the Chopart joint is reduced and a part of the posterior tibial tendon is led to the navicular bone.     

Osteonecrosis of jaw in patient with hormone-refractory prostate cancer treated with zoledronic acid

Intravenous bisphosphonates are widely used in the management of metastatic bone disease, as well as osteoporosis. Recent published reports have documented a possible link between treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaw. We report a case of osteonecrosis of the jaw in 1 patient with prostate cancer receiving both chemotherapy and intravenous zoledronic acid (Zometa). Bisphosphonates have been demonstrated to alter the normal bone microenvironment and appear to have direct effects on tumors as well. These changes may contribute to the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw, particularly after tooth extractions or other invasive dental procedures.     

Stress fractures of the foot and ankle

Stress fractures occur as a result of microscopic injuries sustained when bone is subjected to repeated submaximal stresses. Overtime, with repeated cycles of loading, accumulation of such injuries can lead to macro-structural failure and frank fracture.There are numerous stress fractures about the foot and ankle of which a trauma and orthopaedic surgeon should be aware. These include: metatarsal, tibia, calcaneus, navicular, fibula, talus, medial malleolus, sesamoid, cuneiform and cuboid.Awareness of these fractures is important as the diagnosis is frequently missed and appropriate treatment delayed. Late identification can be associated with protracted pain and disability, and may predispose to non-union and therefore necessitate operative intervention.This article outlines the epidemiology and risk factors, aetiology, presentation and management of the range of stress fractures in the foot and ankle.     

The Mueller–Weiss syndrome: spontaneous osteonecrosis of the tarsal navicular bone

A case of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the tarsal navicular bone is presented. The diagnosis and management of this condition is outlined with a review of the literature.     

Bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis after septic shock and multiorgan failure.

A case of bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis after septic shock is presented. We suggest that the osteonecrosis was caused by ischemic insults to the proximal femora. The association between septic shock and osteonecrosis has not been previously reported. INTRODUCTION: Osteonecrosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by the in situ death of bone. A diverse range of conditions has been associated with osteonecrosis. We present a case of bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis that occurred after an episode of septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 66-year-old woman presented with a left-sided renal stone and a urinary tract infection. Her condition rapidly progressed to a life-threatening illness with septic shock complicated by multiorgan failure, which necessitated prolonged intensive care and inotropic support. She made a full recovery but 3 months later developed bilateral osteonecrosis of the femoral heads requiring bilateral total hip joint replacement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the osteonecrosis was caused by ischemic insults to the femoral heads as a result of the widespread systemic ischemia that occurred during her initial illness. To our knowledge, septic shock has not been previously described as a cause of osteonecrosis. Clinicians should be aware of this association, particularly in patients presenting with bone pain after episodes of sepsis.