清热药的特点及现代研究

目的:探讨清热药与药理作用、中医主治、现代医学主治、药性、药味、归经、化学成分之间的关系.方法:应用“中药性味现代数据库系统”,查询“清热”与药理作用、中医主治、现代医学主治、药性、药味、归经、化学成分之间的关联频次,依据频次的多少,取涵盖最高频次2/3的定为基本范畴,涵盖余下最高频次2/3的定为联合范畴,剩余的定为扩展范畴.结果:清热药的基本药理作用为抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、解热、镇静、影响心血管系统、利尿；清热药的中医基本主治为痈肿、黄疸、咽喉肿痛、疔疮、吐血、目赤肿痛、热淋涩痛、衄血、水肿、喉痹、丹毒、头痛、风热感冒；清热药的现代医学基本主治为湿疹、细菌性痢疾、高血压、慢性气管炎、感冒、烧伤、百日咳、胃溃疡、肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、肺炎、带状疱疹、水肿、咽喉肿痛、十二指肠溃疡、化脓性中耳炎、皮炎、头痛、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、支气管炎、扁平疣、急性扁桃体炎、腹泻、高脂血症、咳嗽、黄疸；清热药的基本药性为寒、微寒；与清热药常联合的基本药味为苦、甘；清热药的基本归经为肝、肺、胃、大肠、心；清热药所含的基本化学成分为有机酸、黄酮类、苷类、生物碱、糖类、鞣质、氨基酸、酯类、挥发油、无机物、萜类.结论:确定清热药与药理作用、中医主治、现代医学主治、药性、药味、归经、化学成分之间的关系,并依据频次将清热药分为基本、联合、扩展范畴,为清热药的现代研究提供了新思路.     

环境与健康系列谈(之七)噪声污染对健康的危害

一、何为噪声污染人们在生活和工作环境中,经常接触各种各样的声音,如雷声、雨声、流水声、波浪声、风声、树涛声、鸟叫声、犬吠声、蝉鸣声、机器声、汽笛声、车轮声、爆破声、音乐声、歌声、铃声、吵闹声、叫卖声等等说不尽的声音。这些声音中,有些是人们需要或者喜欢的,比如鸟叫声、音乐声、歌声、交谈声等;有些则是人们     

不同体质者怎样制作和使用香袋

香袋也叫香囊,是指一种装有芳香类中药的饰物。芳香类中药均具有浓郁的香味,主要包括紫苏、甘松、佩兰、香薷、苍术、菖蒲、艾叶、藿香、桉树叶、白芷、辛夷、川芎、冰片、檀香、木香、丁香等。     

中国医药生物技术协会纳米生物技术分会批准成立大会在深圳召开

2007年12月31日,中国医药生物技术协会纳米生物技术分会批准成立大会在深圳市召开来自全国纳米生物技术领域的近百所大学、中科院研究所、医院、药厂、公司的院士、教授、主任医师、工程技术人员、企业主管出席了成立大会.会议由中国科学院姚开泰院士、中国工程院何继善院士、上海交通大学彭志海教授主持.复旦大学、北京大学、中南大学、清华大学、上海交通大学、四川大学、中山大学、浙江大学、中科院理化所、解放军总医院、石药集团、纳米生物技术公司等单位作了重要发言.     

基层医院医护病程记录差异的原因分析

病历记录着患者的发病原因、发病时间、症状、体征、入院前治疗经过、治疗方法、用药情况、病情转归、入院原因、既往史、家族史、体检、检查（特殊检查）资料、入院时诊断、入院后拟定治疗方案、入院后治疗、用药、治疗时间、病情变化、生命体征、患者一般情况、对治疗或药物的反应、治疗后的结果,直到患者出院的全过程,相对应的护理记录则全面细致地记录了患者生命体征、饮食、排泄物（包括出汗、大小便、抽出胸腹水、咯血、呕血、便血、抽出的脑脊液量等）,     

中华医学会医史学分会第十三届三次全国医史学术大会纪要

在秋高气爽的丰收季节里，中华医学会医史学分会第十三届三次全国医史学术大会，于2013年11月29—30日在美丽的西子湖畔杭州市梅地亚宾馆隆重举行。会议共征集相关学术论文66篇，有来自于北京、上海、天津、重庆、山东、山西、陕西、河北、河南、湖北、福建、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、内蒙、辽宁、黑龙江、吉林、四川、广东、广西、海南、青海等省市的代表及中华医学会、浙江省医学会领导共100余人出席了本次会议。会议的主要议题是：医史学科的多元发展。     

伏灸法治疗哮喘病489例临床探析

伏灸法是指在三伏天施以灸法治疗疾病的方法。该法用于哮喘主要选择背俞穴、督脉的穴位、经外奇穴以及与症状相关的穴位，如肺俞、肾俞、脾俞、大椎、陶道、身柱、神道、灵台、夹脊、涌泉、丰隆等。灸法有隔物灸、瘢痕灸、麦粒灸、实按灸等。     

中华医学会医学信息学分会第五届委员会第一次常委会议纪要

中华医学会医学信息学分会第五届委员会第一次常委会议于2010年4月29日在北京西直门宾馆召开。会议由主任委员代涛教授主持，参加会议的有王汝宽、代涛、徐一新、杨民、王铁城、湛佑祥、刘亚民、尹源、王松俊、苏雪梅、杨文秀、白润萍、王伟、董建成、尚武、李后卿、甘华平、叶春峰。中华医学会组织管理部的徐宁、学术会务部的李丹、网络信息部的刘文君和医科院信息所的何平列席了会议。崔蒙因有事请假未能出席会议。     

后脑勺白发——肾气不足

后脑勺对应的反射区是膀胱经。膀胱经虚弱的患者常伴有尿频、遗尿或尿失禁、小便不畅等症状。因为膀胱的主要功能是贮尿和排尿,所以,这类患者较之常人不易憋尿。而膀胱的排尿功能和肾气的盛衰有密切关系。对策:男性宜食用动物肾、狗肉、羊肉、鹿肉、麻雀、黄鳝、泥鳅、虾、公鸡、核桃仁、黑豆等。     

老年男性代谢综合征特点及影响因素分析

目的 调查2006年度在医院体检的老年男性中代谢综合征及其相关疾病的患病情况,以了解老年男性代谢综合征的患病情况和特点.方法 检测1 024例2006年老年男性的血糖、血脂、胰岛素、血压、身高、体重、腰臀比、胰岛素抵抗指数,并进行统计分析.结果 被调查对象中糖尿病、高血压、血脂紊乱、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征患病比例分别为33.2%、58.33%、52.45%、18.2%、29.7%和21.8%;代谢综合征患者中糖尿病(或胰岛素抵抗)、血脂异常、高血压同时存在者约占67.2%;代谢综合征、胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病、高血压患病比例随年龄增加而升高,肥胖、血脂紊乱比例随年龄增加而下降.心脑疾病患病比例随危险因素的聚集而逐渐升高.Logistic回归分析显示年龄、餐后血糖、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、体重指数、腰臀比与胰岛素抵抗相关.结论 本次体检的老年男性具有较高的代谢综合征患病率,早期干预治疗十分必要.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.