非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者患病相关因素比较

目的 调查和比较非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)与变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者的年龄、性别、发病季节以及相关环境因素的差异.方法 收集2010年1-8月在门诊首次确诊的NAR患者111例与AR患者112例,通过调查问卷详细记录患者的一般资料、病史经过及患病相关因素.采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 相对于AR而言,NAR随着年龄增加患病人数有增加的趋势.NAR的好发年龄为21～30岁,而AR的好发年龄处于11～20岁.在18岁以上成年人中,NAR和AR患者的平均年龄((-x)±s)分别为(38.6±14.5)岁和(32.8±13.0)岁,差异有统计学意义(t=2.58,P=0.024).NAR在30岁前以男性居多,30岁后则女性病例数上升;而AR患者在20岁前以男性居多,20岁后则以女性多见.NAR在冬季高发(χ2=27.57,P=0.000),AR则高发于春季(χ2=13.75,P=0.003);冬季NAR的发病例数明显多于AR(χ2=12.34,P=0.000).在相关环境因素中,居住地或工作场所靠近交通干道者NAR的发病风险是AR的1.94倍,而居住地或工作场所位于建筑物底层或每天日照<2 h者AR的发病风险分别是NAR的1. 77倍和1.91倍.当患者有过敏性疾病个人史或家族史时,可使AR的发病风险升高至NAR的2.14～4.06倍.NAR患者自报的发病诱因主要为温度变化(56.3%)、经常上呼吸道感染(52.8%)、气候改变(32.4%)和刺激气味(31.1%)等,但与AR患者比较,这些非特异性诱发因素差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).结论 NAR与AR患者在年龄、性别和发病季节分布,个人和家族过敏史,以及某些与发病相关的环境因素等方面存在明显差异.     

非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎临床特点初步分析

目的 探讨高反应性非变应性鼻炎(hyperreactivity non-allergic rhinitis,HNAR)与变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)在性别、年龄分布、发病季节、诱因及临床表现的差异.方法 选择2009年1-8月398例以高反应性鼻部症状首诊的诊断为HNAR及AR的连续患者,以SPSS 17.0软件对其性别、年龄、发病季节、分型、诱发因素及临床症状等因素进行统计分析.结果 HNAR与AR的性别分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.415,P=0.01),HNAR女性患者居多,AR以男性为主;在发病年龄上,HNAR以中青年为主,高发年龄在30～39岁(χ2=51.533,P=0.00),AR以青少年为主,高发年龄在10～19岁(χ2=12.772,P=0.00);HNAR发病无明显季节性,AR发病多在秋季.AR变应原以艾蒿和豚草为主.AR以中-重度持续性为主(χ2=123.991,P=0.00),HNAR以中-重度间歇性为主(χ2=97.420,P=0.00);除鼻痒外,AR较HNAR鼻部及眼部的临床症状重(P值均<0.05);非特异性诱发因素在AR与HNAR患者发病过程中的作用大致相似(统计值,P>0.05).结论 AR与HNAR在性别构成、主要发病年龄、鼻炎分型及发病季节上有明显差异,除鼻痒外AR鼻部及眼部临床症状较HNAR重,但在发病诱因上呈一致性.     

Nasal hyper-responsiveness to histamine, methacholine and phentolamine in patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis and in patients with infectious rhinitis

Recently it has been shown that patients with atopic rhinitis and with an allergy to house dust mites have a stronger nasal response to insufflation of histamine, methacholine and phentolamine than a control group. This hyper-responsiveness could not be demonstrated in patients with perennial non-allergic rhinitis, unless the patients were selected according to the predominant symptoms in the history. Patients with rhinorrhoea ('runners') proved to be hyper-responsive to methacholine compared with normal controls. The existence of two subpopulations was emphasized by hyper-responsiveness to both histamine and methacholine in the runners group compared with the patients with a stuffy nose ('blockers'). Patients with chronic nasal infections (characterized by recurrent episodes of purulent discharge) showed no hyper-responsiveness at all, indicating that either hyper-reactivity does not play an important part in this patient population or methods to detect hyper-reactivity in this group are inadequate. In contrast to our earlier observations in patients with atopic rhinitis, increased responsiveness to phentolamine could not be detected either in the patients with perennial rhinitis or in the patients with infectious rhinitis, indicating that the possible alpha-adrenergic dysfunction found in patients with atopic rhinitis is restricted to this group.     

儿童非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者生活质量的对比研究

目的：分析比较儿童非变应性鼻炎（NAR）患者与变应性鼻炎（AR）患者生活质量之间的差异,探讨NAR对患儿生活质量的影响。方法2011年6月～2012年6月在门诊首次确诊的52例NAR患儿和69例AR患儿（6～12岁）,指导患儿及家长采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评价患儿的鼻、眼及胸部症状,并采用儿童鼻结膜炎生活质量调查表（RQLQ）评估并比较NAR与AR患儿的生活质量有无差异。统计结果采用SPSS13.0软件进行分析。结果 NAR组与AR相比,VAS评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）;RQLQ两组评分无明显差异（P〉0.05）。NAR组内,各项症状VAS评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,“鼻堵”为首要症状;RQLQ各项目以及各方面间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,各项鼻部症状相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,“鼻堵”和“流涕”为首要症状,各项非鼻眼部症状相比差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,“注意力难以集中”为首要症状。结论 NAR对患儿的生活质量有着明显的影响,值得临床护理工作中重视。     

变应性鼻炎和非变应性鼻炎临床特征比较

目的探讨变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis,AR）和非变应性鼻炎（non-allergic rhinitis,NAR）临床特征的差异。方法选取2010年1月～2010年12月在我院门诊就诊的AR和NAR患者1647例,通过病史采集、皮肤点刺实验（skin fastinsertion test,SPT）、鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞计数和血清总IgE检查等评价分析两者的差异。结果鼻炎患者中AR占72.4%,NAR占2 7.6%;AR患者发病年龄（25.8±1 3.5）岁,显著低于NAR患者发病年龄（31.4±16.0）岁,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;AR发病有明显的季节性,NAR发病受季节性影响不大。鼻部症状中,AR易出现打喷嚏（AR,88.4%;NAR,47.9%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;鼻痒症状AR占8 4.4%,NAR占4 3.6%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;而NAR易出现鼻塞（NAR,9 6.3%,AR,9 1.2%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）和流涕（NAR,9 3.5%,AR,91.8%）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。AR患者鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞比例占50.1%±33.1%,血总IgE（359.7±323.4）IU/ml,且显著高于NAR患者20.1%±30.5%,123.0IU/ml±205.6 IU/ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0.001）。结论 AR与NAR在发病年龄、发病季节、临床症状、鼻分泌物涂片嗜酸性粒细胞比例和血总IgE上有明显差异。     

Comparison of pre- and post-operative stress levels in patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis

The effects of stressful events, such as surgery, on patients with allergic diseases are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) are more susceptible to stress and oxidative stress than non-allergic individuals. 20 AR patients and 20 non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) patients were recruited to this study and underwent nasal septoplasty. To evaluate the degrees of stress and oxidative stress, we collected urine and blood samples 1?day before and 1?day after surgery. Stress was assessed by measuring urine cortisol levels. Oxidative stress was assessed by calculating the balance of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) measured by the diacron reactive oxygen metabolites test, and antioxidant capacity (AC) was measured by the biological antioxidant potential test. In both groups, the level of post-operative urine cortisol was significantly higher than the pre-operative level, with no significant difference between the two groups. ROM levels were significantly higher in both groups after surgery than before surgery. The antioxidant capacity of the AR group was lower after surgery than before surgery, while it was greater in the NAR group after surgery. There were no significant differences in pre- or post-operative ROM or AC levels between the two groups. The ROM/AC ratio was significantly higher after surgery in the AR group than it was in the NAR group. The post-operative ROM/AC imbalance of AR patients suggests that these patients might be vulnerable to stress, especially oxidative stress.     

非变应性鼻炎与变应性鼻炎患者临床特征分析

目的 分析和比较非变应性鼻炎(non-allergic rhinitis,NAR)与变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)的临床特征以及伴随疾病.方法 以2010年1月至2011年6月期间,主诉鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏和鼻痒症状中至少有2个症状的门诊患者556例作为研究对象,根据病史、体征和变应原检测结果进行诊断,其中NAR患者206例、AR患者350例.通过调查问卷详细记录患者一般信息、鼻部症状、伴发症状和各种合并症等,采用记分法评价症状严重程度.以SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析.结果 NAR患者的平均(x±s,下同)年龄(31.8±16.7)岁,高于AR患者的(26.3±14.8)岁,差异有统计学意义(t=4.01,P=0.0001);而性别构成比的差异无统计学意义(x2=0.12,P=0.73).在各种临床表现中,NAR和AR患者鼻塞症状出现率(分别为89.8％和92.0％)的差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.26,P=0.611),但AR患者的流涕、喷嚏、鼻痒、眼痒、流泪、喘息和咳嗽症状出现率均明显高于NAR患者,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).而且这些症状(咳嗽除外)在AR患者中尤为严重,其症状评分明显高于NAR患者,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).NAR和AR患者中大多数为中-重度持续性,分别占67.0％和62.9％,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.25,P =0.264).AR患者合并支气管哮喘明显多于NAR患者(分别为12.6％和2.4％),NAR患者合并高血压明显多于AR患者(分别为7.3％和1.7％),差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).结论 NAR和AR是两类具有不同临床特征的疾病,两者的合并症也存在某些差异,故值得进一步加强对鼻炎表型的临床研究.     

Nasal responsiveness to methacholine stimulation in allergic rhinitis patients

Summary We examined the nasal responsiveness to topical methacholine application in allergic rhinitis and non-allergic chronic rhinitis patients, and in control subjects. Methacholine responsiveness was significantly higher in allergic rhinitis patients than in non-allergic patients and control subjects. In perennial rhinitis, methacholine responsiveness correlated with the severity of daily nasal symptoms and those provoked by specific allergen challenge tests. Among nasal symptoms, hyper-rhinorrhoea was found to be closely related to methacholine responsiveness. As a result of these findings, the possibility of cholinergic hyper-reactivity in allergic rhinitis patients is discussed.     

Partial laser turbinectomy: two year outcomes in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare two year outcomes of partial laser turbinectomy in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis with respect to nasal obstruction symptom scores and nasal peak inspiratory flow rates (nPIFR). This has not been reported previously. METHOD: Fifty-four patients underwent partial laser turbinectomy (28 with allergic rhinitis, 26 with non-allergic rhinitis). NPIFR was measured preoperatively, at 3 months and two years postoperatively. A symptom score questionnaire was also completed. RESULTS: Both allergic and non-allergic patients showed a significant improvement in symptom scores and nPIER at three months (n = 54). The improvement in allergic patients was greater. In the 31 patients seen at two years, there was still a significant improvement in median symptom scores but no such improvement in median nPIFR. In allergic patients (n = 18) at two years, there was no significant improvement in symptom and nPIFR scores. Non-allergic patients (n = 13), however, did show sustained significant improvement in these scores (p < 0.05). Eighty-seven percent (26/31) considered the operation successful and would recommend it to others. CONCLUSIONS: Non-allergic patients derive a more sustained improvement in the medium term compared to allergic individuals when undergoing partial laser turbinectomy. The improvement in symptom scores in the group as a whole was still significant.     

The prevalence of IgG1 and IgG4 autoantibodies to IgE in patients with allergic and non-allergic rhinitis

In this study we have compared the levels of IgG1 and IgG4 autoantibodies to IgE in the sera of patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis. A group of patients undergoing cosmetic nasal surgery, but who did not have rhinitis or any history of atopy, acted as control. The frequency of positive titres of IgG1 and/or IgG4 anti-IgE was 70% (14/20) in patients with allergic rhinitis, 50% (10/20) in patients with non-allergic rhinitis and 20% (4/20) in the control group. The mean titres of IgG1 anti-IgE and IgG4 anti-IgE were in the order allergic rhinitis > non-allergic rhinitis > controls. In the allergic rhinitis group levels of IgG1 anti-IgE (P= 0.0055) and IgG4 anti-IgE (P= 0.0028) were significantly higher than those found in the control group. The non-allergic rhinitis group also showed significantly higher levels of IgG1 anti-IgE (P= 0.0182) and IgG4 anti-IgE (P= 0.0359) than the control group. The existence of IgG autoantibodies to IgE in both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis suggests a possible role for these antibodies in the disease process, particularly in patients whose symptoms are not due to an allergic trigger.     

Up-date on neuro-immune mechanisms involved in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis

Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is a common disorder, which can be defined as chronic nasal inflammation, independent of systemic IgE-mediated mechanisms. Symptoms of NAR patients mimic those of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. However, AR patients can easily be diagnosed with skin prick test or allergen-specific IgE measurements in the serum, whereas NAR patients form a heterogeneous group and are difficult to diagnose because of an extensive list of different phenotypes, all varying in severity, underlying etiology and type of inflammation. Characterization of those phenotypes, mechanisms and management of NAR represents one of the major unmet needs in the field of allergic and non-allergic diseases. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in classifying the NAR patients and focuses on the neuro-immune mechanisms involved in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, including reflections on the pathophysiology and the currently available treatment options.     

PM2.5与变应性鼻炎患者上气道阻力的相关性研究

目的 探讨变应性鼻炎(AR)患者上气道阻力与其周边环境PM_2.5浓度的关系。 方法 随机选取60例在临床上确诊为AR的患者行鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量,并连续监测其生活地区的PM_2.5浓度,使用SPSS 20.0统计软件,采用多元线性回归模型,对所纳入患者的鼻腔总阻力、鼻腔容积和鼻腔最小横截面积与空气污染暴露水平的关联进行分析。 结果 鼻声反射和鼻阻力测量结果显示,受试者鼻腔总阻力、鼻腔最小横截面积、鼻腔容积随着PM_2.5浓度的变化动态改变,差异具有统计学意义。 结论 PM_2.5的浓度变化影响AR患者的上气道阻力,PM_2.5的浓度越大、暴露时间越长,AR患者的上气道阻力越大。     

变应性鼻炎患者鼻部炎症与下气道炎症相关性研究

目的对比分析变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)患者与健康成人气道炎症指标以及AR患者鼻部与下气道炎症指标,探讨AR上、下呼吸道变应性炎症的相关性。方法选取具有典型临床症状及体征且过敏原皮肤点刺试验强阳性的AR成年患者53例,同期选择53例健康成人作为对照组。所有入选者均行血常规检查、过敏原皮肤点刺试验、鼻灌洗液及诱导痰炎症细胞分类计数、鼻及支气管激发试验。比较AR组与对照组各参数、AR患者鼻部与下气道炎症指标,分析AR患者鼻部与下气道炎症的相关性。结果①AR组鼻灌洗液嗜酸性粒细胞（eosinophil,EOS）比例为（8.12±6.76）%、诱导痰EOS比例为（3.91±2.75）%,均高于对照组鼻灌洗液EOS［(0.72±0.70)%］及诱导痰EOS比例［(1.33±1.06)%］,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;②AR组患者鼻激发及支气管激发阳性率分别为73.6%(39/53)和24.5%(13/53),均明显高于对照组［37.7%(20/53), 1.89%(1/53)］,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;③AR组鼻灌洗液EOS比例与诱导痰EOS比例正相关（r=0.469,P=0.000）;④AR组鼻激发阳性率与支气管激发阳性率无相关性（t=0.143,P=0.308）;⑤AR组鼻灌洗液EOS比例与诱导痰EOS比例以及外周血EOS比例均有相关性（P＜0.05）。结论AR患者鼻、下气道变应性炎症均明显较正常成人严重,其鼻与下气道变应性炎症具有一致性,鼻与下气道以及外周血EOS具有高度相关性,提示AR是一种局部炎症与全身炎症共存的变态反应性疾病。     

鼻中隔矫正术治疗变应性鼻炎的临床观察

目的 观察鼻中隔矫正术治疗合并鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法 选择1998年1月至2008年10月合并鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎260例,在局麻下行鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术,同时行单侧下鼻甲部分切除术22例。结果 根据中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科分会变应性鼻炎的疗效评定标准,显效187例（72%）,有效49例（19%）,无效24例（9%）,总有效率91%,术后随访1.5～2年,复发15例（6%）。结论 鼻中隔矫正术可以破坏鼻腔内、外侧壁前部的鼻腔反射和喷嚏反射弧感受器,降低该处的变应性鼻炎发作的扳机点作用,同时降低了鼻腔迷走神经的兴奋性,减轻血管扩张,减少腺体分泌,从而改善症状。该手术安全、有效,易于操作,是治疗变应性鼻炎的有效方法。