Antigen carbohydrate 125 and creatinine on admission for prediction of renal function response following loop diuretic administration in acute heart failure

Background

The use of loop diuretics in acute heart failure (AHF) is largely empirical and has been associated with renal function impairment by reducing renal perfusion but also renal improvement by decreasing renal venous congestion. Antigen carbohydrate 125 (CA125) has emerged as a proxy for fluid overload. We sought to evaluate whether the early changes in creatinine (ΔCr) induced by intravenous furosemide doses (ivFD) differ among clinical groups defined by overload status (CA125) and creatinine on admission (Cr).

Methods and results

We included 526 consecutive patients admitted for AHF. All patients received intravenous furosemide for the first 48 hours. CA125 and Cr were dichotomized at 35 U/ml and 1.4 mg/dl, respectively, and grouped as follows: C1 [Cr < 1.4, CA125 ≤ 35 (n = 151)]; C2 [Cr < 1.4, CA125 > 35 (n = 241)]; C3 [Cr ≥ 1.4, CA125 ≤ 35 (n = 45)]; and C4 [Cr ≥ 1.4, CA125 > 35 (n = 89)]. Clinicians in charge of the management of patients were blind to CA125 values. ΔCr was estimated as the absolute difference in Cr between admission and 48–72 hours. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used for modeling purposes. The adjusted analysis showed a differential effect of ivFD on ΔCr. Per increase in 20 mg/day of ivFD, the mean ΔCr was 0.010 mg/dl (p = 0.464) in C1, 0.002 mg/dl (p = 0.831) in C2, 0.045 mg/dl (p = 0.032) in C3, and − 0.045 mg/dl (p < 0.001) in C4 (omnibus p < 0.001). A similar pattern of response was observed in a validation cohort.

Conclusions

In patients with AHF, the magnitude and direction of ΔCr attributable to ivFD were differentially associated with values of CA125 and Cr on admission.     

Hairy cell leukaemia presenting with ascites, pleural effusion and increased CA 125 serum level

The body cavities are rarely involved in hairy cell leukaemia. Here we report a patient who had pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, massive haemorrhagic ascites, pleural effusion at the left hemithorax and increased CA 125 serum level at the time of initial diagnosis. Laparoscopy showed multiple nodular white, opaque lesions on the omentum and on the parietal peritoneum. Laparoscopic biopsy of these lesions, and a bone marrow biopsy revealed a diffuse cellular infiltrate of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining mononuclear cells. These mononuclear cells with irregular cytoplasmic protrusions were also found in the peripheral blood, in the ascites fluid and in the pleural effusion. The patient was treated with cladribine 0.1 mg/kg/day with continuous infusion for seven days. Three months after the treatment, the patient achieved a complete remission with normalisation of the peripheral blood count, bone marrow findings, CA 125 serum level, with no detectable ascites and/or pleural effusion.     

Elevated carbohydrate antigen 125 levels in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with heart failure

Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125), known as a tumor marker for ovarian cancer, has been reported to increase and relate to severity in heart failure patients with systolic dysfunction. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has a wide clinical spectrum that often includes heart failure symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CA 125 in HCM patients, its relation to severity of symptoms, and degree of diastolic dysfunction. CA 125 blood levels were determined in 32 HCM patients (21 male; age 51.3 +/- 18.4 years) and in 30 healthy volunteers (19 male; age 49.6 +/- 16.1 years). Echocardiographic examinations were performed in all patients. The results were grouped according to clinical status (New York Heart Association class) of the patients. The mean serum level of CA 125 was 14.6 +/- 23.8 U/ml in the study group and 7.6 +/- 4.8 U/ml in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.12). CA 125 levels increased as the New York Heart Association functional class increased (class I/II: 6.2 +/- 2.4 U/ml; class III: 30.6 +/- 36.4 U/ml; P < 0.001). The mean CA 125 level in functional class III patients (30.6 +/- 36.4 U/ml) was significantly higher than that of the control group (7.6 +/- 4.8 U/ml) (P < 0.001) and the functional class I/II group (6.2 +/- 2.4 U/ml) (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference over all three diastolic dysfunction groups with respect to CA 125 levels (4.9 +/- 1.3 U/ml in impaired relaxation group, 11.8 +/- 6.9 U/ml in pseudonormal group, and 52.6 +/- 45.6 U/ml in restrictive filling group; P < 0.0001). Serum CA 125 is related to the clinical severity of HCM. Whether CA 125 has a specific biological role in HCM requires further investigation.     

癌相关抗原125对慢性肝病合并腹水的诊断价值

检测慢性肝病合并腹水形成患者血浆及腹水中CA12 5水平 ,探讨其临床意义。采用ELISA法检测 141例慢性肝病患者血浆CA12 5值 ,对 40例合并腹水的慢性肝病同时测腹水CA12 5值。结果显示 ( 1)慢性肝病合并腹水形成者血浆CA12 5值显著高于无腹水形成者 (P <0 0 1) ;( 2 )腹水中CA12 5值显著高于血浆中值 (P <0 0 1) ,且二者呈正相关 (r=0 965 ,P <0 0 1) ;( 3 )大量放腹水后 ,血浆中及腹水中CA12 5值显著下降 ,且腹水CA12 5值下降的幅度大于血浆CA12 5值下降的幅度 (P <0 0 1)。提示CA12 5是诊断慢性肝病合并腹水形成的一项敏感指标     

CA 125 levels in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematologic malignancies

Cancer antigen (CA 125) is a glycoprotein commonly used as a tumor marker. In this study, CA 125 levels were measured in 149 patients and 26 healthy control subjects. The study group included 69 non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), 25 Hodgkin disease (HD), 20 acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 14 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 12 chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), and nine multiple myeloma (MM) patients. CA 125 was elevated in 37 of the patients and in none of the control subjects. Average CA 125 level in NHL patients was significantly higher than the controls (56.2 ± 9.2 U/ml, 7.99 ± 1.05 U/ml respectively) (P < 0.05). CA 125 levels were significantly higher in NHL patients with abdominal involvement (113.6 ± 23.4 U/ml), with B‐symptoms (72.3 ± 13.2 U/ml), higher stage of the disease (stages III and IV ?75.3 ± 14.9 U/ml), bulky disease (99.9 ± 30.4 U/ml) and in those with serosal involvement (103.1 ± 18.5 U/ml) (P < 0.05 for all). CA 125 levels were also elevated in seven patients with HD and in a patient with CLL with pleural effusion. In conclusion, for patients with NHL, high levels of CA 125 were associated with B‐symptoms, advanced stage, bulky disease, abdominal, and serosal involvement. Therefore, CA 125 might be used as a marker to predict prognosis and to detect advanced disease in NHL.     

The assessment of biliary CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma--the influence of sampling time and hepatolithiasis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was conducted to assess the clinical value of biliary CA 19-9, CA 125 and CEA sampled in different situations for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. METHODOLOGY: Bile was obtained from patients with bile duct obstruction on the day of biliary drainage and 3 days later separately. The etiology of biliary obstruction included choledocholithiasis (N = 51), hepatolithiasis (N = 19) and cholangiocarcinoma (N = 28). Patients of the former two conditions were all complicated with cholangitis. RESULTS: The sensitivity of biliary CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 125, whenever checked were all less than 70%. The biliary CEA and CA 19-9 were elevated in the presence of cholangitis. In addition, the biliary CEA was also increased in the patients with hepatolithiasis. The specificity of CA 125 was better than those of CEA and CA 19-9 (75.7% vs. 33.3% and 60%, respectively) on the day of biliary drainage. The diagnostic efficiency was slightly improved when combining biliary CA 125 and CEA. CONCLUSIONS: As the biliary CA 125 was less affected by inflammation and hepatolithiasis, it is more useful than CEA and CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. The single tumor marker test of CA 125 or combined tumor marker test of CEA and CA 125 may be used as a useful complement to other investigative methods to differentiate benign from malignant causes of the bile duct obstruction.     

The significance of CA125 levels in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Correlation with clinical and echocardiographic parameters

OBJECTIVE: To assess serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and to assess any correlation with clinical symptoms and echocardiographic indices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 77 male patients (mean age: 73+/-10 years) admitted to the Cardiology Emergency Department (ED) with cardiac symptoms requiring hospitalization. Diagnosis of CHF was based upon medical history or initial echocardiographic evaluation on current admission. Serum CA125 was measured by an enzyme immunoradiometric assay, on admission and before discharge. RESULTS: The median overall CA125 value was 22.4 (11.5-48.9) U/ml. Serum CA125 levels were related to the severity of CHF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I: 19.2 (7.2-31) U/ml, NYHA class II: 17.6 (10-23) U/ml, NYHA class III: 32 (25-77) U/ml and NYHA class IV: 34.3 (18.6-77) U/ml (p<0.04)]. Patients in NYHA classes III and IV had significantly higher mean values of CA125, than patients in class II (p<0.005 and p<0.05, respectively). Moreover, patients with fluid congestion (pulmonary congestion, ankle edema) had higher levels of serum CA125 than patients without congestion (p=0.002 and p<0.03, respectively). Finally, levels of serum CA125 correlated weakly with right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and renal function, while no significant correlation was found between CA125 and E wave deceleration time on Doppler echocardiography, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), liver function and the medical treatment prescribed. CONCLUSION: Serum CA125 is associated with the clinical severity of CHF and the symptoms and signs of fluid congestion and therefore may be a useful additional tool for the evaluation and clinical staging of these patients.     

Limited usefulness of CA125 measurement in the management of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Several papers have reported an association of high CA125 serum levels with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as well as a relationship between high CA125 values and poor outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-nine patients with NHL or Hodgkin's disease (HD) underwent serum CA125 assessment at diagnosis. Gender, age, presence of B symptoms, performance status (PS), histology, sites of tumor involvement, presence of effusion, clinical stage, age-adjusted International Prognostic Index, C-reactive protein (CRP), Hb, lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) and beta2-microglobulin were evaluated for their association with serum CA125 levels. The impact of CA125 levels and other features on overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival was also assessed. RESULTS: CA125 serum levels were elevated in 34% of the patients, including 19% of patients with aggressive NHL, 45% of patients with indolent NHL, and 29% of patients with HD. Univariate analyses showed that CA125 levels correlated with poor PS, the presence of B symptoms, advanced clinical stage, abdominal, bone marrow or mediastinal involvement, presence of effusions, high aaIPI, low Hb levels and high CRP, LDH or beta2-microglobulin levels. In multivariate analysis, bone marrow involvement, the presence of effusions, and high aaIPI were all associated with high CA125 serum levels. In univariate analyses, OS and PFS were affected by age (PFS only), poor PS, B symptoms, advanced clinical stage, bone marrow or abdominal involvement (PFS only), high aaIPI, low Hb, high CRP or beta2-microglobulin levels. OS and PFS were not different in patients with normal or elevated CA125 levels. Multivariate analyses showed significantly inferior OS and PFS in patients with high beta2-microglobulin but no influence of CA125. CONCLUSION: While CA125 serum level correlates significantly with a number of features associated with more aggressive disease, it does not enhance the performance of standard prognostic markers in the management of patients with NHL or HD.     

Serum CA 125 levels in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a glycoprotein expressed in normal tissues originally derived from celomic epithelia and its serum level is elevated in various benign and malignant conditions that involve stimulation of these tissues. Elevated levels have been reported in 40-43% of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) at diagnosis and were associated with parameters known to be associated with advanced and disseminated disease, and with event-free and overall survival. No difference in CA 125 level was found between indolent and aggressive lymphomas, and four of six patients with small lymphocytic lymphoma had elevated CA 125 levels. We therefore decided to measure serum CA 125 levels in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, and evaluated them in 74 consecutive patients. The mean time from diagnosis to test was 74.5 months (range: 0-300). The mean serum CA 125 level was 16.3 U/ml (range: 3.7-133, normal value: <35 U/ml). CA 125 levels were elevated only in two patients (2.7%). To conclude, serum CA 125 levels are rarely elevated in CLL patients. It is possible that serum CA 125 levels can help differentiate between equivocal cases of small lymphocytic lymphoma and CLL.     

慢性心力衰竭患者血清CA125水平检测及临床意义

目的 研究慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者不同心功能状态下血清肿瘤抗原125(CA125)水平的改变及其临床意义.方法 对32例CHF患者按照纽约心功能分级标准分为心功能Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级组(A组)17例心功能Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级组(B组)15例,用化学发光法测定其血清CA125水平,并与25例健康人比较.结果 CHF患者血清CA125平均水平高于对照组(P<0.01),B组血清CA125平均水平高于A组.结论 血清CA125水平与CHF患者心功能相关,临床上观察CA125的水平变化可以作为评价CHF患者心功能的一个重要指标.     

Phase I/II study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced malignancy. The Multicenter Study Group.

The toxicity and hematologic effects of Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) were studied in 58 treatment cycles in Japanese patients with advanced malignancy as a phase I/II clinical trial. rhGM-CSF in doses from 30 to 250 micrograms/m2/day was administered by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion, 8-hour intravenous, or a daily subcutaneous injection for 14 days. The most common adverse drug events (ADE) were fever, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, skin eruption, and phlebitis. The frequency of moderate and severe ADE was 2.9, 14.7, 35.3 and 47.1% at 30, 60, 125, 250 micrograms/m2/day, respectively. In terms of administration routes, the frequency of ADE was 69% with 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion, 39.1% with 8-hour intravenous infusion and 16.7% with subcutaneous injection. Regarding the hematologic effects of rhGM-CSF, leukopenia improved in a dose-dependent manner. The appropriate dose level to be used in the phase II study was estimated to be in the range between 60 and 250 micrograms/m2/day.     

血清CA125测定在胸腔积液患者中的临床意义

目的检测不同原因引起的胸腔积液的血清肿瘤标志物CA125(癌胚抗原125)在胸腔积液患者中的临床价值。方法选择130例胸腔积液患者,检测所有患者血清CA125的浓度,分别按照疾病的良恶性、胸水量的大小、渗出液与漏出液分组,比较各组间患者浓度水平的差别。结果 130例胸腔积液患者中有123例血清CA125升高,阳性率为94.62%;恶性胸腔积液组与良性胸腔积液组相比血清CA125浓度有显著性差异(P0.05);大量胸腔积液组与中小量胸腔积液组、渗出液与漏出液之间相比,血清CA125浓度无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论血清CA125可作为鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的重要辅助指标,但其对量的大小及渗出液、漏出液的鉴别无临床应用价值。     

Serum CA125 level associated with disease activity in a patient with follicular lymphoma

We encountered a case of follicular lymphoma in a patient with high levels of serum CA125. On examination, abdominal lymph node swelling and hepatosplenomegaly were observed. The CA125 level decreased during treatment and was normalized at complete remission. An immunohistochemical assay of the lymphoma cells, however, failed to demonstrate any CA125. Several reports have described that CA125 might be produced by mesothelial cells in response to cytokines released by the lymphoma cells, and increased levels of CA125 have been significantly associated with abdominal involvement. It is possible that CA125 will become a useful marker in the observation of the progression of malignant lymphoma in the abdomen.     

A case of progressive systemic sclerosis complicated by massive pleural effusion with elevated CA125

A tumor marker, CA125, is known to increase in the serum or other body fluids in various malignancies such as ovarian cancer. Here we present a case of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) with massive pleural effusion, in which CA125 in the serum and pleural fluid were elevated. The serum level of CA125 decreased in accordance with the change of the pleural effusion. CA125 level may be an indicator for the activity of serositis in some cases with collagen vascular diseases.     

Myxedema ascites with an extremely elevated CA125 Level: a case report

Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is a tumor-marker frequently associated with ovarian malignancies; however, benign gynecologic conditions (e.g. ovarian cysts) commonly cause a smaller increase in CA125 levels. This report describes an elderly Japanese woman with high CA125 levels and massive ascites caused by hypothyroidism. A 67-year-old woman presented herself with a weight gain of about 12 kg and abdominal distension. Her serum CA125 level was markedly elevated (822 U/ml) and abdominal CT revealed a right ovarian cyst and massive ascites. Hormonal laboratory data showed severe primary hypothyroidism with a serum TSH of 594 IU/L and a free thyroxin level of 0.05 ng/dl. Ascitic fluid was found to be exudate with a high protein content of 42 g/L. Cytological analysis and FDG-PET showed no evidence of malignancy. The ascites completely disappeared and serum CA125 normalized after adequate hormonal replacement therapy. These data suggest that hypothyroidism should be considered in patients with ascites and elevated serum CA125.     

Effect of psychosocial trauma and stress on sexual dysfunction in women with endometriosis

Background:Endometrial tissue plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and there is evidence that endometrial pathology (including endometriosis) is closely related to endocrine disorders. On the other hand, various neuroendocrine changes can be significantly affected by psychosocial stress. In connection with these findings, we tested the relationship between neuroendocrine changes, sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.Methods:A total of 65 patients with endometriosis were included in the study. Clinical examinations were focused on the biochemical analysis of neuroendocrine markers of endometriosis (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125] and cancer antigen 19-9 [CA 19-9]), estradiol, psychometric evaluation of sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms.Results:The results showed significant Spearman correlations between the values of the revised range of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale), psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) (R = 0.31), and dissociative symptoms (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire) (R = 0.33). Positive correlations were also found between CA 125 and CA 19-9 (R = 0.63), and between CA 125 and the results of the values of the revised scale of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale) (R = 0.29). Also psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) significantly correlated with CA 125 (R = 0.38) and with CA 19-9 (R = 0.33).Conclusion:These results represent the first findings regarding the relationship of the neuroendocrine markers CA 125 and CA 19-9 and sexual dysfunction with trauma/stress-related symptoms and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.     

Protein-losing enteropathy associated with egg allergy in a 5-month-old boy.

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), the manifestation of a diverse set of disorders, is characterized by excessive loss of plasma proteins into the affected portions of the gastrointestinal tract, and this results in hypoalbuminemia. A 5-month-old breastfed boy presented severe PLE with hypogammaglobulinemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia induced by an egg allergy. He developed hypocalcemic convulsions. The diagnosis of PLE was confirmed by elevated fecal alpha1-antitrypsin clearance and a positive finding on a protein-losing scintigram. His allergy to egg delivered through maternal milk was confirmed as the cause of PLE, since the mother's elimination of egg from her diet improved his condition and maternal egg challenge provoked symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and elevated alpha1-antitrypsin clearance. At the time of writing, he is 22 months old and has experienced no further episodes after the elimination of egg-containing food.     

血清CA125在肝硬化患者中的临床意义及相关因素研究

目的 探讨血清CA125在肝硬化患者中的临床意义及相关因素.方法 回顾性分析130例肝硬化患者血清CA125水平,Child-Pugh分级、腹水程度的临床资料,并分析相关数据.结果 血清CA125水平在肝硬化患者中明显升高,其水平与Child-Pugh分级、腹水程度呈正相关性,与肝硬化病因无关.结论 CA125可能成为临床评价肝硬化患者肝功能损害和腹水的参考指标.     

Anorexia nervosa responding to zinc supplementation: A case report

An emaciated 16-year-old female with anorexia nervosa was hospitalized for treatment of vomiting, epigastralgia and diarrhea. The finding of a taste disorder, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity and relatively low serum zinc level strongly suggested a zinc deficiency. Zinc was initially administered intravenously (40 Μxmol/day) for 7 days, then orally (15 mg elemental zinc/day) for about 60 days. Her digestive symptoms disappeared after the second day of intravenous treatment and she began to gain weight. She rapidly regained her normal weight after one month of receiving the oral zinc supplementation. Both exocrine pancreatic function and intestinal absorption were improved by the prolonged oral administration of zinc. In such cases zinc supplementation may be a therapeutic option in addition to psychologic and other approaches to management.     

Anorexia nervosa responding to zinc supplementation: a case report.

An emaciated 16-year-old female with anorexia nervosa was hospitalized for treatment of vomiting, epigastralgia and diarrhea. The finding of a taste disorder, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity and relatively low serum zinc level strongly suggested a zinc deficiency. Zinc was initially administered intravenously (40 mumol/day) for 7 days, then orally (15 mg elemental zinc/day) for about 60 days. Her digestive symptoms disappeared after the second day of intravenous treatment and she began to gain weight. She rapidly regained her normal weight after one month of receiving the oral zinc supplementation. Both exocrine pancreatic function and intestinal absorption were improved by the prolonged oral administration of zinc. In such cases zinc supplementation may be a therapeutic option in addition to psychologic and other approaches to management.