20例鼓室球瘤的临床特征与手术疗效

目的探讨鼓室球瘤的临床特征与手术疗效。方法回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实的鼓室球瘤患者的临床表现、听力学特点、影像学表现、术中所见,总结其诊断要点以及手术疗效。该20例患者中仅有1例为男性其余均为女性。20例中,16例表现为搏动性耳鸣,内有15例合并听力下降,其中2例伴有耳痛;1例仅表现为非搏动性的耳鸣;1例表现为耳道出血;2例仅表现为耳部闷胀感,其中1例合并中耳感染。鼓膜均为樱桃红色,15例听力下降者9例传导聋、5例混合聋、1例重度感音神经聋,余5例听力正常。20例患者均行颞骨CT及MRI检查,表现为鼓室内不规则团块影,2例突出至外耳道,边界清楚,均无骨质破坏,增强后明显强化,4例行DSA检查,其中2例由咽升动脉供血,1例为咽升动脉及耳后动脉供血,1例由枕动脉供血。20例中,鼓室球瘤I型5例,行耳道进路肿瘤切除术;II型9例,行耳道进路肿瘤切除术;III型4例,行完壁式乳突根治加鼓室成型术;IV型2例,行开放式乳突根治加鼓室成型术。结果手术均完整切除肿物,术中术后无并发症、无输血。术后随访6个月至9年,肿物无复发。结论大部分鼓室球瘤具有典型的临床特征与影像学表现,及时手术治疗疗效确切。     

颈静脉鼓室球瘤诊治经验

目的 总结颈静脉鼓室球瘤诊治经验体会。方法 回顾性研究病理证实的10例颈静脉鼓室球瘤患者的临床资料。结果 颈静脉球瘤3例，鼓室球瘤7例。功能性颈静脉球瘤1例。家族性副节瘤1例。主要症状为搏动性耳鸣和听力下降，其他症状包括面瘫、眩晕、耳痛、吞咽困难、声嘶、咽部疼痛、阵发性高血压伴剧烈头痛、心悸。主要体征为鼓室内樱桃红肿物影和外耳道红色新生物，其他体征包括Brown征、上颈部包块、咽侧壁饱满隆起、Collet-Sicard综合征、Homer征和三叉神经受损。影像学检查包括颞骨薄层CT检查9例，颈动脉血管造影4例，MRI检查1例。耳鼻咽喉科8例，首诊其他科室2例。治疗：术前栓塞2例，单纯手术6例，手术 术后放射治疗4例。10例中随访9例，随访时间2～19年，中位随访期12年。6例肿瘤全切的鼓室球瘤患者无复发，3例次全切 术后放射治疗患者局部控制。1例失访。结论 颈静脉鼓室球瘤容易误诊，典型的临床表现结合影像学检查有助于诊断。要注意功能性和家族性颈静脉鼓室球瘤。鼓室球瘤应首选手术治疗，必要时可补充放射治疗。颈静脉球瘤，应该手术和放射治疗联合治疗。     

颈静脉球瘤10例诊疗分析

目的分析探讨颈静脉球瘤临床特点，总结手术疗效，提高该病诊治经验。方法回顾性分析10例经数字减影血管造影和/或术后病理证实的颈静脉球瘤患者的临床资料，总结该病的临床特征、影像学特点、围手术期处理、手术方式及随访效果。结果所有患者均为单耳发病，其中男2例，女8例。表现为单侧搏动性耳鸣6例，听力下降8例，耳痛及眩晕3例，耳流脓性或脓血性分泌物4例，因体检发现耳道肿物就诊1例。6例因肿物突入外耳道，鼓膜不能窥及，4例可透过鼓膜看见鼓室内红色搏动，鼓膜稍向外膨隆。纯音测听示传导性聋4例，混合性聋5例，感音神经性聋1例。所有患者均行颞骨CT及MRI检查，鼓室球瘤可见鼓室、外耳道内充填不规则软组织密度影；颈静脉球体瘤可见颈静脉孔区软组织密度影，周围呈“蚕蚀样”骨质破坏，肿物突向鼓室及外耳道，增强扫描可见明显强化。3例颈静脉球体瘤行DSA检查可见颈静脉孔区浓密肿瘤染色，2例由咽升动脉供血，1例由咽升动脉和枕动脉供血。6例鼓室球瘤患者均行耳道乳突径路鼓室球瘤切除术，3例颈静脉球体瘤患者行颞下窝A型径路颈静脉球体瘤切除术，1例颈静脉球体瘤患者行伽玛刀治疗。所有病例随访10个月至5.5年，均无复发，未出现影响生活的严重并发症。结论颈静脉球瘤有特征性的临床表现，以单侧搏动性耳鸣和不同程度的听力下降最为多见，结合仔细的专科查体和完善的影响学检查不难诊断。鼓室球瘤患者通过中耳显微手术能达到良好疗效，颈静脉球体瘤患者因解剖位置特殊，对术者及围手术期的规范化处理要求较高，并且要求诊疗团队具有侧颅底外科手术的知识及经验，否则容易引起严重并发症。     

颈静脉鼓室球瘤诊治经验

目的　总结颈静脉鼓室球瘤诊治经验体会。方法　回顾性研究病理证实的 10例颈静脉鼓室球瘤患者的临床资料。结果　颈静脉球瘤 3例 ,鼓室球瘤 7例。功能性颈静脉球瘤 1例。家族性副节瘤 1例。主要症状为搏动性耳鸣和听力下降 ,其他症状包括面瘫、眩晕、耳痛、吞咽困难、声嘶、咽部疼痛、阵发性高血压伴剧烈头痛、心悸。主要体征为鼓室内樱桃红肿物影和外耳道红色新生物 ,其他体征包括Brown征、上颈部包块、咽侧壁饱满隆起、Collet Sicard综合征、Horner征和三叉神经受损。影像学检查包括颞骨薄层CT检查 9例 ,颈动脉血管造影 4例 ,MRI检查 1例。耳鼻咽喉科 8例 ,首诊其他科室 2例。治疗 :术前栓塞 2例 ,单纯手术 6例 ,手术 术后放射治疗 4例。10例中随访 9例 ,随访时间 2～ 19年 ,中位随访期 12年。 6例肿瘤全切的鼓室球瘤患者无复发 ,3例次全切 术后放射治疗患者局部控制。 1例失访。结论　颈静脉鼓室球瘤容易误诊 ,典型的临床表现结合影像学检查有助于诊断。要注意功能性和家族性颈静脉鼓室球瘤。鼓室球瘤应首选手术治疗 ,必要时可补充放射治疗。颈静脉球瘤 ,应该手术和放射治疗联合治疗     

颈静脉鼓室球瘤的治疗

目的　探讨颈静脉鼓室球瘤的手术方法。方法　回顾性分析 1982～ 1998年 11例手术治疗的颈静脉鼓室球瘤 (鼓室球瘤Ⅱ型 1例、Ⅲ型 1例及Ⅳ型 3例 ;颈静脉球瘤Ⅰ型 1例、Ⅲ型 5例 )术式及治疗效果。结果　肿瘤均予以完全切除 ,术后均一期愈合。 1例术后喉返神经麻痹。术后随诊 1～ 8年 ,平均 3年 9个月 ,无复发者。结论　鼓室球瘤宜采用耳后切口入路 ;颈静脉球瘤Ⅰ型采用耳后切口向下延长至颈部 ,III型采用耳后大C形切口行颞骨、颞下窝及颈部肿瘤切除。     

内淋巴囊肿瘤

目的了解内淋巴囊肿瘤的临床表现以便进行正确的诊断和治疗。方法总结在我科经手术和病理确诊的6例内淋巴囊肿瘤,分别对其主要症状、临床检查和手术所见以及诊断和鉴别诊断进行分析。结果6例中男性1例,女性5例;年龄分别为28岁、48岁、25岁、38岁、59岁和34岁(平均38.7岁),左耳4例,右耳2例;病程分别为8年、5年、10年、30余年、10年和半年(平均约12.6年)。主要症状:感音神经性耳聋(全聋)4例(伴耳流脓及耳鸣2例,伴耳鸣、面部抽搐和耳流脓、面瘫各1例),1例搏动性耳鸣及面瘫。6例术前均未考虑到内淋巴囊肿瘤,其中拟诊为颈静脉球瘤和胆脂瘤型中耳炎各2例,汗腺腺瘤和颞骨肿瘤各1例。6例中经乳突进路手术2例,经颅-耳-颈或耳-颈联合进路手术4例,术后1例脑脊液漏手术修补愈合。6例经2至8年(平均4.7年)随访均存活。结论内淋巴囊肿瘤非常罕见,无特异性临床表现,容易误诊误治。其病史较长、进展较慢,预后较好。     

颈静脉鼓室球瘤的治疗

目的 探讨颈静脉鼓室球瘤的手术方法。方法 回顾性分析１９８２～１９９８年１１例手术治疗的颈静脉鼓室球瘤（鼓室球瘤Ⅱ型１例、Ⅲ型１例及Ⅳ型３例;颈静脉球瘤Ⅰ型１例、Ⅲ型５例）术式及治疗效果。结果 肿瘤均予以完全切除,术后均一期愈合。１例术后喉返神经麻痹。术后随诊１～８年,平均３年９个月,无复发者。结论 鼓室球瘤宜采用耳一切口入路;颈静脉球瘤Ⅰ型采用耳后切口向下延长至颈部,Ⅲ型采用耳后大Ｃ形切口行颞骨     

颈静脉球体瘤的诊治

目的：探讨颈静脉球体瘤手术进路及临床治疗方法。方法：18例患者术前均行神经耳科、影像学检查,根据肿瘤的大小及肿瘤的部位、扩展方向选择不同的手术入路,即耳内入路6例;耳后入路4例;侧颅底入路、颞下窝入路5例;经颞枕颈联合入路3例。肿瘤全切除14例,次全切除或大部分切除4例。结果：18例中,14例肿瘤全切除均满意,其中2例术后3年复发;4例部分切除术后残留瘤体放疗后1年复查无变化。随访2～6年,复查纯音测听：6例听力恢复平均24dB,12例听力与术前检查结果无明显差异。CT、MRI复查结果：12例患者的术腔为软组织填塞,未见肿瘤复发;2例术后3年出现患耳耳鸣,经CT和MRI检查见乳突腔有瘤组织复发,再次手术治疗后2年随访未见复发;4例次全切除和部分切除的患者,经术后放疗后2年复查CT、MRI,结果与放疗前瘤体的大小无明显差异。结论：手术治疗是颈静脉球体治疗的有效手段,根据肿瘤大小选择手术入路可以确保肿瘤的完整切除,术前肿瘤局部选择性血管栓塞可有效地减少术中出血和手术时间,对于残留组织可用放疗控制其发展。     

搏动性耳鸣伴听力下降、面瘫、颈部包块

<正>【简要病史】患者尹女士,36岁,以"左耳搏动性耳鸣伴听力下降4年,左侧面瘫、颈部肿物2年"主诉入院。患者因"左耳搏动性耳鸣、听力下降、面瘫"3次在当地医院按"慢性中耳炎"、"中耳胆脂瘤"、"中耳新生物"行活检和"中耳、乳突"手术,术后病理报告为"炎症"或"胆脂瘤"。半年前因耳部肿物复发再次在当地医院行活检术,病理提示"颈静脉副神经节瘤",为进一步诊治,我院以"左侧颈静脉孔区占位,     

原发于中耳的内翻性乳头状瘤1例

老年女性患者,右耳听力下降伴耳鸣16年,反复流脓12年,9年前行右耳开放式乳突根治术,术后病理回报为右中耳乳头状瘤伴灶性不典型增生。后术腔未一直干耳,术腔内肉芽样肿物再发并逐渐增多,乳头状瘤复发。患者于全麻下行二次开放式乳突根治术,术后3个月干耳,随访未见复发。中耳原发性乳头状瘤复发、恶变率较高,根治性病变切除手术及术...     

Paragangliomas of the Head & Neck: the KMC experience

To determine the clinical features, investigations, intra-operative findings, surgical approaches used and the results of the treatment for paragangliomas of the head and neck. Retrospective study of 14 cases of paragangliomas in head and neck seen over a period of 10 years including five carotid body tumors, seven glomus jugulares and two glomus tympanicums. HRCT scans and bilateral carotid angiography were done in all cases of glomus jugulare. Pre-operative embolization was done in most cases. The trans-cervical approach was used for all cases of carotid body. In three cases of Type B jugulare tumors, a post-aural tympanotomy was used. A Fisch Type A approach was done for three cases of Type D jugulare tumors. Postaural tympanotomy approach was used for both patients with glomus tympanicum. In one case of extratympanic glomus jugulare tumor with hypoglossal palsy, a neck exploration was done to isolate and excise the tumor. Five patients with carotid body tumors presented as unilateral, painless, pulsatile swelling in the upper neck. Intra-operatively, three of the tumors were classified into Shamlin's Grade II and one each into Grade III and Grade I. A carotid blow-out occurred in one of the patients with Grade II disease, which was managed. ECA resection had to be done in one case. Seven patients were diagnosed to have glomus jugulare and two with glomus tympanicum. Six glomus jugulare tumors presented with hearing loss, ear discharge and obvious swelling. Glomus tympanicums presented with hearing loss but no bleeding from the ear. On examination, tumors presented with an aural polyp with no VII nerve deficits. Both tympanicums were classified as Fisch Type A, three of the jugulares classified as Type B, two as Type D2 and one as Type D1. Tumors were found to be supplied predominantly by the ascending pharyngeal artery. In three cases of Type B jugulare tumors, a post-aural tympanotomy was used. A Fisch Type A approach was done for three cases of Type D jugulare. The transcanal approach was used for both patients with glomus tympanicum. Paragangliomas are uncommon tumors that need accurate diagnosis and skilled operative techniques. Though the surgical approaches may appear complicated, the removal provides good cure rates with minimal morbidity and recurrence. Lateral skull base approaches should be the armamentarium of every head and neck surgeon.     

Long-term results of different treatment modalities in 37 patients with glomus jugulare tumors

The results of different forms of treatment of 37 patients with previously untreated glomus jugulare tumors were compared retrospectively. According to the Fisch classification system, 6 patients presented with class B tumors, 19 class C and 12 patients with class D. Twenty-eight patients underwent surgery and 9 patients had primary radiation therapy (to 50 Gy). In 20 of the surgical cases (71%), radical tumor removal could be achieved and required no further treatment over a follow-up period of 8.6 years (range 2–15 years). Incomplete tumor resection with postoperative radiation therapy resulted in progressive tumor growth in three cases. One patient in this group experienced subarachnoid bleeding that had to be managed by salvage surgery. After primary radiation therapy, glomus jugulare tumors were still evident on magnetic resonance imaging scans, but showed no signs of disease progression. As a result of our experience, we found that a one-stage radical tumor resection performed in collaboration by otologic surgeons and neurosurgeons was the best treatment for patients with large glomus jugulare tumors. Received: 9 April 1998 / Accepted: 21 December 1998     

Glomus jugulare tumor.

A review has been made of the current recommendations for treatment of glomus tumors involving the ear. Thirty cases treated in our clinic have been reviewed, comprised of 8 glomus tympanicum and 22 glomus jugulare tumors. We recommend surgical excision as primary treatment for glomus tympanicum tumors and high voltage radiotherapy as primary treatment for glomus jugulare tumors. Visible residual tumor following adequate radiotherapy may remain unchanged for many years. Some cases that do not show a response to high voltage radiation may be suitable for secondary radical surgical treatment. Fortunately, we have not yet encountered a case of glomus jugulare tumor with nonresponse to high voltage radiation in the doses recommended. Long term follow-up is important.     

Management of endolymphatic sac tumors: a case series report

Objective To study clinical characteristics of endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) and its diagnosis and treatment. Methods ELST was diagnosed in 6 cases based on surgical and histological findings. These cases were reviewed for their clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and surgical treatment techniques. Results There were 1 male and 5 females in this group, aged from 28 to 59 years (mean age=38.7 years). The tumor was in left ear in 4 cases and in right ear in the other 2 cases. Disease courses ranged from 5 to 30 years (mean duration= 12.6 years). Clinical presentations included sensorineural hearing loss (n=4), otorrhea and tinnitus (n=2), tinnitus and facial spasm(n=1), otorrhea with facial paralysis(n=l), and hearing loss with tinnitus (n=2). None of the cas-es was diagnosed as ELST preoperatively. Two cases were misdiagnosed as glomus jugulare tumor, 2 as chronic suppurative otitis media, 1 as sweat gland adenoma on biopsy and 1 as temporal bone tumor. Tumors were sprgi-tally resected in all 6 cases via the mastoidectomy (n=2) or combined oto-cervical or cranio-oto-cervical ap-proaches(n=4). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea occurred in 1 case. The tumors were confirmed on histo-logical examination to be a low-grade adenocarcinoma. All patients have survived at the time of this paper. Conclusion ELST is rare and commonly misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. Its prognosis is relatively favor-able because of its slow growth rate.     

联合进路手术切除巨大颈静脉球体瘤

目的：探讨巨大颈静脉球体瘤手术进路及治疗经验。方法：６例巨大颈静脉球体瘤，４例经三种不同联合进路手术治疗，其中３例术前行ＤＳＡ检查及选择性血管栓塞术，１例术后残灶接受了辅助性放射治疗。结果：４例手术患者中，１例于术后４年因脑溢血死亡，但ＭＲＩ及ＣＴ复查肿瘤未见复发；１例于术后４个复发；１例部分切除术后残灶于放疗后６个月复查无变化。结论：巨大颈静脉球体瘤联合进路术式有利完全切除肿瘤，而术前配合选择性     

颞盂入路及其在颈静脉球体瘤切除术中的应用

目的介绍颞盂入路切除向颅内外扩展的颈静脉球体瘤。方法采用颞盂入路联合乳突或乳突枕下入路,监控颈内动脉(ICA)和面神经远心端,从颈静脉孔外、后、下3个侧面,于直视下分离切除肿瘤。结果5例颈静脉球体瘤成功切除,术后恢复良好(无下颌运动障碍)。结论颞盂入路联合乳突或乳突枕下入路,可监控ICA远心端和面神经,充分暴露并安全切除颈静脉球体瘤。