肿瘤的化学治疗ⅩⅩⅩⅣ——DL-N-二氯乙酰基-5-硝基-色氨酸及其有关化合物的合成

In the present work, the compounds DL-N-dichloroacetyl-5-nitrotryptophan (I_c), DL-5-nitro-tryptophan hydrochloride (Ⅱ_c) and their ethyl esters (Ⅰ_d and Ⅱ_d) were prepared and found to be less effective against Hela cells than their corresponding 7-nitro analogs (Ⅰ).5-Nitrogramine (Ⅴ) was condensed with diethyl formamidomalonate and dimethyl sulphate in the presence of sodium alcoholate, affording diethyl α-formamido-α-(5-nitroindolyl methyl)-malonate (Ⅵ). The latter was hydrolyzed in concentrated hydrochloric acid to give 5-nitrotryptophan hydrochloride(Ⅱ_c), from which the desired product, DL-N-dichloroacetyl-5-nitrotryptopban (Ⅰ_c), was obtained by acylation with dichloroacetylchloride in dilute sodium hydroxide. The ethyl ester of DL-5-nitrotryptophan (Ⅱ_d) was obtained by esterification of Ⅱ_c with absolute ethyl alcohol saturated with gaseous hydrogen chloride and was then treated with dichloroacetyl-chloride in the presence of aqueous sodium acetate or in boiling benzene.     

6α-甲基-17α-羟基-黄体酮和6α-甲基-17α-羟基-11去氧-皮质酮-21-乙酸酯的微生物羟化

6α-甲基-11-去氧-17α-羟基-皮质酮-21-乙酸酯(Ⅱ)经短刺克宁汉霉微生物转化得6β-羟基化合物(Ⅵ_a)及6β,11β-羟基化合物(Ⅶ_a)。6α-甲基-17α-羟基-黄体酮(Ⅰ)经短刺克宁汉霉菌转化亦得6β-羟基化合物(Ⅵ_b)及6β,11β-羟基化合物(Ⅶ_b)。化合物(Ⅱ)如用梨头霉转化则得11α-羟化物(Ⅲ)。Ⅶ_a、Ⅶ_b、Ⅷ_a、Ⅷ_b及Ⅺ_b的结构是通过核磁共振谱和质谱证明的。     

16α-甲基-3β,17α-二羟基-5α-孕甾-20酮-3β-醋酸酯的微生物转化

16 α-Methyl-3 β,17 α-dihydroxy-5 α-pregnane-20-one-3 β-acetate (Ⅰ) was prepared from tigogenin and then incubated with a mixture of Mycobacterium smegmatis (MS₁) and Arthrobacter simplez (A₁) to give 16 α-methyl-17 α-hydroxy-△^{1, 4}-pregnadiene-3,20-dione (Ⅱ) with about 63% yield.Compound (Ⅱ) when incubated with Absidia glauca (AG₁) gave about 55% yield of 16 α-methyl-11 α, 17 α-dihydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione (Ⅳ).     

丁基苯酞对大脑中动脉阻断后皮层组织中花生四烯酸释放及磷脂酶A2基因表达的影响

目的　研究丁基苯酞（dl-NBP), d-NBP和 l-NBP对大脑中动脉阻断(MCAO) 6 h后缺血区皮层中花生四烯酸(AA)释放及磷脂酶A₂（PLA₂）基因表达的影响。方法　阻断大脑中动脉起始部造成局灶性脑缺血模型。HPLC检测AA。Northern blot检测皮层中PLA₂基因表达。结果　MCAO后6 h,皮层中AA释放明显增加。于脑缺血后5 min 和120 min,给dl-NBP(10或20 mg.kg^-1) 和尼莫地平(0.5 mg.kg^-1) 可显著抑制AA的释放。d-NBP和l-NBP作用比较,显示d-NBP有与dl-NBP相似的作用,而l-NBP则无明显影响。Northern印迹结果表明,脑缺血6 h,皮层中PLA₂的基因表达增强。 dl-NBP和d-NBP(10, 20 mg.kg^-1,ip)皆可使表达降低,而l-NBP对缺血脑组织中PLA₂的基因表达的升高无明显影响。结论　dl-NBP和d-NBP可抑制MCAO后脑组织中AA释放和PLA₂的基因表达。     

3-甲基芬太尼立体异构体的合成、绝对构型和镇痛活性

报道3-甲基芬太尼(2)四个光学异构体的合成及其绝对构型的确定,并测定了各异构体的镇痛活性(小鼠,ip,热板法)。结果表明,cis-(+)-(3R,4S)-2的镇痛作用最强,ED₅₀0.00767 mg/kg,镇痛效能是吗啡的2600倍,比其对映体cis-(-)-(3S,4R)-2以及混旋的cis-(±)-2分别强119和1.5倍;trans-(+)-(3S,4S)-2的镇痛效能是吗啡的450倍、trans-(-)-(3R,4R)-2的4倍。     

肿瘤的化学治疗 ⅩⅩⅢ.若干[双-(β-卤乙基)-氨基]-吲■-2-羧酸及其乙酯的合成

由5(及7)-[双-(β-羥乙基)-氨基]吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅶ_a,b)合成了5(及7)-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_a和Ⅱ_b)、5(及7)-[双-(β-溴乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_c和Ⅱ_d)以及5(及7)-[双-(β-碘乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅱ_e和Ⅱ_f)。再經水解制得其相应的羧酸(I_a-f)。此外又合成了5(及7)-乙氧羰氨基-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(IX_a,b)和5-乙氧基-7-[双-(β-氯乙基)-氨基]-吲(口朶)-2-羧酸乙酯(Ⅶ)。化合物I_a,I_b,I_c,Ⅱ_a,Ⅱ_b,Ⅱ_c,Ⅱ_e和Ⅱ_f对組織培养Hela細胞有明显的抑制作用。化合物Ⅰ_a,Ⅰ_b,Ⅱ_a和Ⅱ_b口服时对小鼠肉瘤180有明显的抑制作用。化合物Ⅰ_e,Ⅰ_f和Ⅻ对肉瘤180具有中度的抑制作用。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅣ.α-氯-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类及其乙烯噁二唑类衍生物的合成

Synthesis of 35 new compounds of α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides and 5-[α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl ) vinyl]-oxadiazoles by known methods are reported. In preliminary test in mice 10 compounds were found to possess pronounced activity against Schistosomiasis japonica. Among these Ⅰ₁₂, Ⅰ₁₃, Ⅰ₁₄, Ⅰ₂₀, Ⅱ₁ and Ⅱ₈ were shown to be the most effective.     

辽东楤本化学成分的研究

从辽东楤本(Aralia elata)的根皮中分得8个化合物,利用理化和光谱方法鉴定分别为胡萝卜甙-6’-棕榈酸酯(6’-O-palmitoyl-β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside,A₅)、罗盘草甙A(silphioside A,A₉)、楤木皂甙A甲酯(araloside A methyl ester,A₁₀)、竹节人参甙I_b(chikusetusaponin I_b,A₁₁)、楤木皂甙A(araloside A,A₁₂)、楤木皂甙C(araloside C,A₁₅、楤木皂甙G(araloside G,A₁₆)、无梗五加甙D(acanthoside D,B₁)。化合物A₅,A₉,A₁₁和B₁为首次从该植物中分得,A₁₀为新天然产物,A₁₆为新化合物命名为楤木皂甙G,归属了化合物A₉,A₁₅的¹³C-NMR化学位移。     

丁基苯酞对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经细胞外液6-keto-PGF1α和TXB2及其比值的影响

目的旨在观察丁基苯酞(NBP)对神经细胞培养液中6-酮-PGF_1α和TXB₂含量及其比值的影响。用放射免疫方法,结果发现神经细胞在低糖低氧5h或低糖低氧5h/恢复糖氧3h条件下,d-,l-和dl-NBP(0.1～100μmol·L^-1)能够剂量依赖性升高细胞外液中的6-酮-PGF_1α含量,降低TXB₂水平,从而使6-酮-PGF_1α与TXB₂比值升高。而阿司匹林仅在小剂量(0.1,1μmol·L^-1)时能升高6-酮 PGF^1α与TXB^{2比值,大剂量(10,100μmol·L-1)时无影响。提示:NBP对6-酮-PGF_1α/TXB₂比值的升高可能与其增加局部脑血流和改善缺血性脑损伤有关。}     

前列腺素的研究Ⅰ 消旋前列腺素F_(2α)及其ω-乙基同系物的合成

本文对Corey合成光学活性PGF_2α路线进行简化,合成了dl-PGF_2α及dl-ω-乙基PGF_2α,用Arbuzov反应合成2-氧庚烷磷酸二乙酯(7A)及2-氧壬烷磷酸二乙酯(7B)。用Moffatt氧化(DMSO,DGC,无水磷酸)将氢解物(5)氧化为醛(6),用过量二异丁基铝氢于-78°还原3′-醇(9Aα及9Bα),可将其γ-内酯还原为γ-内半缩醛,同时除去5-联苯甲酰基,生成中间体(10Aα)及(10Bα),再与溴化5-三苯鏻戊酸之Wittig试剂缩合得到dl-PGF_2α(11A)及dl-ω-乙基PGF_2α(11B).     

消旋17-苯-18,19,20-失三碳前列腺素F2α甲酯及其15-差向异构体的合成

从中间体(4)出发,经醛(5),与鏻叶立德(3)或2-酮-4-苯丁烷磷酸酯(11)钠缩合成(6),再钠硼氢还原得3′α-醇(7A)及其差向异构体(7B),经硅胶柱色谱分开,分别经二异丁基铝氢还原,与溴化5-三苯鏻戊酸之Wittig试剂缩合,得17-苯-18,19,20-失三碳前列腺素F_2α(9A)及其15-差向异构体(9B),再用重氮甲烷甲酯化,分别得相应的17-苯-18,19,20-失三碳前列腺素F_2α甲酯(10A)及其15-差向异构体(10B)。     

消旋(15R)-15甲基PGE2甲酯(PG6E)对大鼠实验性胃溃疡的保护作用

用实验性胃溃疡模型研究了PG₆E的抗溃疡作用,结果表明PG₆E有抗胃酸分泌作用,而对胃肠运动无明显影响;PG₆E在剂量为10～80μg·kg^-1时,对无水乙醇型、盐酸型、消炎痛型、慢性醋酸型和幽门结扎型胃溃疡有明显保护作用,并能显著减少幽门结扎大鼠的胃液体积、胃酸分泌、胃蛋白酶活性和DNA含量。小鼠poPG₆E30～60μg·kg^-1,3d后粘膜氨基己糖含量显著增加。研究结果提示PG₆E能抑制对胃粘膜的攻击性因素,增加保护性因素的作用,可望成为一种新型抗胃溃疡药。     

A pair of isomeric saponins with cytotoxicity from Albizzia julibrissin

Two new saponins have been isolated from the stem barks of Albizzia julibrissin Durazz, and their structures identified as 3-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-fucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-2-deoxy-2-acetoamidoglucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2- trans -2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[4-O-((6S )-2- trans -2-hydroxymethyl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl}-acacic acid-28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-fucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-2-deoxy-2-acetoamidoglucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-6-O-[3-O-((6S)-2-trans-2-hydroxymethyl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,7-octadienoyl)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl}acacic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 4)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (2), based on chemical and spectral evidences, named as julibroside J₁₉ and julibroside J₁₈, respectively. Both compounds show significant inhibition action against HeLa, Bel-7402 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines in vitro.     

Two novel dammarane-type compounds from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L.

Two new dammarane-type compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L. The new compounds were named as pseudo-ginsenoside RT₆ (1) and pseudoginsengenin R₁ (2). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the combined analysis of NMR and HR-ESI-MS as (20S,24R)-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-dammar-3-one-20,24-epoxy-6α,12β,25-triol (1) and (20S,24R)-dammar-3-one-20,24-epoxy-6α,12β,25-triol (2).     

15-甲基前列腺素F2α的衍生化高压液相层析测定

15-甲基前列腺素F_2α转化为对溴苯酰甲基的衍生物,在无定形微粒硅胶柱上,以氯仿—醋酸乙酯(1:1)混合液为流动相,作高压液相层析,其差向异构体R、S可完全分离。UV检测波长为257 nm。此法用于测定本品含量及异构体的相对比例,效果良好。     

Two new steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.

Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analysis as (23S,24R,25R)-5α-spirostane-3β,23,24-triol-3-O-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-galactopyranoside} (1) and (23S,24R,25S)-5α-spirostane-3β,23,24-triol-3-O-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-galactopyranoside} (2).     

藤山柳根茎中的三萜成分

目的　研究我国特有的单种属药用植物藤山柳[Clematoclethrascandens (Franch .)Maxim .]根茎的甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分的化学成分。方法　将甲醇提取物分散于水中,经石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取后,再用正丁醇进行萃取,对正丁醇萃取物进行柱色谱分离纯化,用波谱方法鉴定化合物结构。结果　分离鉴定了5个三萜化合物:2α,3β,24-三羟基乌苏-12 ,18-二烯-28-酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯(I) ,niga-ichigoside F₁ (II) ,asiaticacid (III) ,2α,3α,24-三羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(IV) ,2α,3α,19α,24-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(V)。结论　以上三萜化合物均为首次从该属植物中获得,其中I是一个新三萜皂苷     

(R)-(+)-脱水芽子碱甲酯的合成工艺研究及结构表征

目的对(R)-(+)-脱水芽子碱甲酯的合成工艺进行研究和结构表征。方法以托品酮为原料,经克莱森缩合、拆分、还原和消除得到目标产物,并以成盐的方式得到其富马酸盐,以溶剂挥发法培养单晶,采用X射线单晶衍射对结晶形态进行表征。结果优化了合成工艺,总收率为36%。测试结果表明不对称单位化学计量式为C_(14)H_(19)NO_6,相对分子质量为297.30,晶体密度为1.359 g/cm~3,该晶胞属于正交晶系,空间群为P2_12_12_1。结论本合成工艺简化了实验操作,更适合大规模制备,且为脱水芽子碱的结构确证提供了新的依据。     

Studies on chemical constituents of Ophiopogon japonicus

Two new and six known steroidal glucosides were isolated from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. The new steroidal glucosides were established as (20R,25R)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-16,22-dioxo-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β,14α,17α,22α,26-pentaol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.     

Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Clematis chinensis Osbeck

A new triterpenoid saponin named clematichinenoside AR₂, along with the six known compounds, was isolated and characterized from Clematis chinensis Osbeck (Ranunculaceae), a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatoid activities. The structure of the new saponin was elucidated as 3-O-β-[(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-ribopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-21α-hydroxy-28-oic acid-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (1) by spectral analysis and chemical methods. The effects of two major saponins (clematichinenosides AR and AR₂) on the secretion of TNF-α in murine peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharides were further investigated. The result indicated that a majority of triterpenoid saponins of this herb may be useful in the exploration of lead compounds for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases.