1,4-苯并二氮-3-取代氨基乙酸酯类化合物的合成

本文报道了一系列1,4-苯并二氮(艹卓)-3-取代氮基乙酸酯类化合物的合成。A_3与取代氨基乙酸直接酯化制备最终产物,用DCC作缩合剂时只分离到反应的中间体;改用活性更大的1,1′-碳酰二咪唑作缩合剂,反应获得成功。合成的新化合物能溶于水。放射配体-受体抑制试验表明,这些化合物与苯并二氮革受体的亲和力较强,IC_(50)在10~(-8)～10~(-10)之间,其中A_9与苯并二氮(艹卓)受体的亲和力比氟安定高一个数量级,比安定高两个数量级。     

1-苯氨基-5H-哒嗪并[4,5-b]吲哚类化合物的设计、合成及体外抗肿瘤活性

目的设计并合成1-苯氨基-5H-哒嗪并[4,5-b]吲哚类化合物,评价其抗肿瘤活性。方法以5-乙酰氧基-6-溴-2-溴甲基-1-环丙基-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸乙酯为起始原料,经多步反应合成目标化合物。采用MTT法,gefitinib为阳性对照药,以Bel-7402和HT-1080为测试细胞株对目标化合物抗肿瘤活性进行进行检测。结果合成了8个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经1H-NMR和MS确证。体外活性实验表明：多种化合物显示良好的抗肿瘤活性,其中化合物10f对Bel-7402和HT-1080肿瘤细胞株的抑制作用分别是阳性对照药gefitinib的6倍和7倍。结论1-苯氨基的苯环上的取代基和1-苯氨基-5H-哒嗪并[4,5-b]吲哚的8位引入的3-[[5-（脂肪（环）胺甲基）呋喃-2-基]甲硫基]丙氧基中脂肪（环）氨的种类均显著影响化合物的活性。     

10,11-二氢-5H-二苯并[b,f]氮杂的合成

以邻硝基甲苯为起始原料 ,经缩合、加氢还原、磷酸成盐得 2 ,2′-二氨基联苄二磷酸盐 ,再经环合制得 10 ,11-二氢 - 5 H -二苯并 [b,f]氮杂。总收率 6 3.5 %。     

7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1H-1-苯并氮的合成

5-氯-2-硝基苯甲酸先还原、再酯化得到2-氨基-5-氯苯甲酸甲酯,然后经磺酰化、N-烷基化得5-氯-2-[N-(3-乙氧羰基丙基)-N-(对甲苯磺酰基)]氨基苯甲酸甲酯,再经Dieckmann缩合、在硫酸中同时脱羧和脱磺酰基得到托伐普坦关键中间体7-氯-5-氧代-2,3,4,5-四氢-1H-1-苯并氮,总收率约71%。     

含有α-氨基醇片段的2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪类化合物的合成研究

目的合成含有α-氨基醇片段的2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪类化合物。方法以邻硝基苯酚类化合物为原料,经与2-溴代羧酸酯的Williamson醚合成、还原硝基成氨基、分子内酯胺解关环酰基化、LiBEt_3H还原得到目标化合物。结果与结论合成了9个α-氨基醇型2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪类化合物,其结构经~1H-NMR和MS谱表征。该合成方法适合2位无取代或小结构取代的该类型化合物的合成。     

7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂革-2-酮的制备

目的合成抗心绞痛的新药伊伐布雷定的关键中间体7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂--2-酮。方法以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为原料,经卤化、酰化、环合、烷基化、碘取代等反应制得目标化合物。结果五步反应总收率为63.6%,产物经MS1、HNMR确证结构。结论所用工艺路线具有原料易得、操作简便、收率较高的特点,适用于该中间体的放大制备。     

7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂-2-酮的制备

目的合成抗心绞痛的新药伊伐布雷定的关键中间体7,8-二甲氧基-3-(3-碘丙基)-1,3-二氢-2H-3-苯并氮杂--2-酮。方法以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为原料,经卤化、酰化、环合、烷基化、碘取代等反应制得目标化合物。结果五步反应总收率为63.6%,产物经MS1、HNMR确证结构。结论所用工艺路线具有原料易得、操作简便、收率较高的特点,适用于该中间体的放大制备。     

2-芳基取代苯并硫代吡喃酮类化合物的设计、合成及其抗结核活性研究

本研究基于前期获得的具有显著抗结核活性的苯并硫代吡喃酮骨架,设计合成了一系列2位芳基取代的苯并硫代吡喃酮类化合物,并对其进行抗结核活性及初步成药性评价。结果表明,大多数化合物对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv具有良好的抑制活性,其中化合物8g、8h、8q和9f的抗结核活性较强(MIC=0.2～0.4μg·mL^-1)。另外,活性化合物无明显细胞毒性和心脏毒性风险,化合物8h和8q具有良好的肝微粒体代谢稳定性,对肝药酶CYP 3A4/5和CYP 2C9无明显抑制作用,适用于结核病治疗的联合用药方案。     

3H-1,2-二氢-2-(4-甲基苯胺基)甲基-1-吡咯里嗪酮在家兔体内主要代谢产物的研究

用高效液相色谱法对家兔单剂量ig750mg新抗炎镇痛剂3H-1,2二氢-2-(4-甲基苯胺基)-甲基-1-吡咯里嗪酮(Z-47)后尿中的代谢物进行了分离、检测。根据代谢物的色谱行为及与Z-47结构有关的其它药物的代谢途径,推测Z-47羧基衍生物[4-(3H-1,2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮-2-甲基胺基)苯甲酸]是一可能的代谢产物,遂用化学方法合成了该衍生物。利用色谱保留值、紫外双波长吸收比值等对代谢物和标准品进行比较,并对尿样的酶水解产物进行色谱分析,证实Z-47羧基衍生物及其酯型β-D-葡糖苷酸结合物是Z-47在家兔体内的主要代谢产物。     

1-氮杂苯并蒽酮-吖啶类似物杂合体与DNA的相互作用及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的研究合成的1-氮杂苯并蒽酮-吖啶类似物杂合体(Ia～Il)与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用及抗肿瘤活性。方法利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱研究杂合体与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用;用MTT法评价杂合体对人肺腺癌(SPC-A)、人宫颈癌(Hela)、人肝癌(HepG2)、人胃癌(SGC-7901)、人肺癌(NCI-H460)、人结直肠癌(SW480)和人肾腺癌(786-O)等7种肿瘤细胞株的毒性。结果杂合体能与小牛胸腺DNA发生嵌入结合作用,细胞毒性测试表明杂合体具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,特别是对SGC-7901、NCI-H460、SW480和786-O等细胞系的毒性最强,其中大部分杂合体的IC50<1μmol.L-1。结论杂合体的抗肿瘤活性很可能是因为杂合体能与DNA作用而产生的。     

4-苯基-2-氨基嘧啶类化合物的设计合成及其抗肿瘤活性

目的设计合成一系列4-苯基-2-氨基嘧啶类新型化合物,并测定其对前列腺癌细胞(PC-3)的生长抑制活性。方法以硝基苯乙酮为起始原料,通过嘧啶环合、酰胺缩合、硝基还原、氨基保护及脱保护反应合成目标化合物。采用MTT法测试化合物对前列腺癌PC-3细胞的生长抑制活性;采用均相时间分辨荧光法测定化合物对激酶AKT1的抑制活性。结果与结论合成了9个未见文献报道的4-苯基-2-氨基嘧啶类化合物,其结构经1H-NMR、MS谱确证。化合物9a-1、9a-3、9b-1(5μmol·L-1)对激酶AKT1的抑制率大于60%。     

Design and synthesis of 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones as potent alternate substrate inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase

4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones are alternate substrate inhibitors of the serine proteinase human leukocyte elastase (HL elastase) and form acyl enzyme intermediates during enzyme catalysis. We have synthesized a large variety of benzoxazinones using specific methods that have been adapted to achieve the pattern of ring substitution dictated by theoretical considerations. The results of the inhibition of HL elastase by 175 benzoxazinones are reported herein with reference to hydrophobicity constants D, alkaline hydrolysis rates kOH-, inhibition constants Ki, and their component acylation and deacylation rate constants, kon and koff, respectively. The ranges for the compounds are considerable; alkaline hydrolysis rates and kon span 6, koff covers 5, and ki spans 8 orders of magnitude. Multiple regression on this large data set has been used to isolate the contributions of electronic and steric effects, as well as other factors specific to compound stability and elastase inhibition. Essentially, a simple electronic parameter is sufficient to account for almost all the variance in the alkaline hydrolysis data, indicating that electronic factors are the major determinants of this type of benzoxazinone reactivity. Factors that significantly enhance the potency of benzoxazinones I are R5 alkyl groups and electron withdrawal by R2. Bulk in R7 and R8 and compound hydrophobicity are not significant, but substitution in R6 is highly unfavorable as are substituents linked via carbon to C2. The physiochemical factors that underlie these trends in Ki are further analyzed in terms of equations that describe kon and koff. A conclusion that emerges is that chemically stable, potent benzoxazinone inhibitors of HL elastase with inhibition constants in the nanomolar range can be designed with (1) R5 alkyl groups to inhibit enzyme-catalyzed deacylation, (2) small alkyl substituents linked via heteroatoms to C2 to enhance acylation and limit deacylation rates, and (3) strongly electron-donating groups at C7 to stabilize the oxazinone ring to nucleophilic attack. Thus, 2-(isopropylamino)-5-n-propyl-7-(dimethylamino)benzoxazinone 95 has kOH = 0.01 M-1 s-1, which extrapolates to a half-life at pH 7.4 of over 8.5 years, and 2-ethoxy-5-ethylbenzoxazinone 38 has Ki = 42 pM.     

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones as antimalarial agents

A novel series of 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones were designed, synthesized and screened for antiplasmodial activity. Eleven compounds of the series exhibited micromolar potency against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant strains. The most potent compound 4-hydroxy-3-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one showed inhibitory potency (IC₅₀) of 3.1 and 4?μg/ml against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant strains, respectively. A structure activity relationship study was performed by correlating the effect of substituents with the antimalarial activity of the title compounds. The novel 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones reported here should be good lead for further development of antimalarial agents that can overcome resistance.     

Synthesis of substituted 3-anilino-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones and their evaluation as cholecystokinin-ligands

3-Amino-1,4-benzodiazepines as well as chemically related diverse amines were prepared from oxazepam and subsequently screened on the cholecystokinin receptor in a radiolabel binding assay. Oxazepam 2 was activated via its 3-chloro-1,4-benzodiazepine intermediate 3 and was reacted with a large series of aliphatic and aromatic amines. The substituted 3-anilino-1,4-benzodiazepine structure was identified as lead structure in a diverse series of 3-amino-1,4-benzodiazepines 4-38 and the full SAR (structure-activity relationship) optimisation provided 3-anilinobenzodiazepines 16-38 with CCK1 receptor selectivity to CCK2. The compounds 18, 24, 28 and 33 have shown affinities at the CCK1 receptor of 11, 10, 11 and 9 nM, respectively. These equipotent CCK1 ligands were fully evaluated in behaviour pharmacological essays. An antidepressant effect was identified in the tail suspension- and the Porsolt swimming-test. The ED50 values for 24 and 28 were determined in these assays as 0.46 and 0.49 mg/kg. The mixed antagonist 37 showed in addition to the antidepressant effects anxiolytic properties.     

Design,synthesis, and biological evaluation of monopyrrolinone-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors [(-)-6, (-)-7, (-)-23, (+)-24] based upon the 3,5,5-trisubstituted pyrrolin-4-one scaffold is described. Use of a monopyrrolinone scaffold leads to inhibitors with improved cellular transport properties relative to the earlier inhibitors based on bispyrrolinones and their peptide counterparts. The most potent inhibitor (-)-7 displayed 13% oral bioavailability in dogs. X-ray structure analysis of the monopyrrolinone compounds cocrystallized with the wild-type HIV-1 protease provided valuable information on the interactions between the inhibitors and the HIV-1 enzyme. In each case, the inhibitors assumed similar orientations for the P2'-P1 substituents, along with an unexpected hydrogen bond of the pyrrolinone NH with Asp225. Interactions with the S2 pocket, however, were not optimal, as illustrated by the inclusion of a water molecule in two of the three inhibitor-enzyme complexes. Efforts to increase affinity by displacing the water molecule with second and third generation inhibitors did not prove successful. Lack of success with this venture is a testament to the difficulty of accurately predicting the many variables that influence and build binding affinity. Comparison of the inhibitor positions in three complexes with that of Indinavir revealed displacements of the protease backbones in the enzyme flap region, accompanied by variations in hydrogen bonding to accommodate the monopyrrolinone ring. The binding orientation of the pyrrolinone-based inhibitors may explain their sustained efficacy against mutant strains of the HIV-1 protease enzyme as compared to Indinavir.     

Design and synthesis of novel indole beta-diketo acid derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors

Diketo acids such as S-1360 (1A) and L-731,988 (2) are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase (IN). A plethora of diketo acid-containing compounds have been claimed in patent literature without disclosing much biological activities and synthetic details (reviewed in Neamati, N. Exp. Opin. Ther. Pat. 2002, 12, 709-724). To establish a coherent structure-activity relationship among the substituted indole nucleus bearing a beta-diketo acid moiety, a series of substituted indole-beta-diketo acids (4a-f and 5a-e) were synthesized. All compounds tested showed anti-IN activity at low micromolar concentrations with varied selectivity against the strand transfer process. Three compounds, the indole-3-beta-diketo acids 5a and 5c, and the parent ester 9c, have shown an antiviral activity in cell-based assays. We further confirmed a keto-enolic structure in the 2,3-position of the diketo acid moiety of a representative compound (4c) using NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Using this structure as a lead for all of our computational studies, we found that the title compounds extensively interact with the essential amino acids on the active site of IN.     

Design and synthesis of novel N-hydroxy-dihydronaphthyridinones as potent and orally bioavailable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors

HIV-1 integrase (IN) is one of three enzymes encoded by the HIV genome and is essential for viral replication, and HIV-1 IN inhibitors have emerged as a new promising class of therapeutics. Recently, we reported the synthesis of orally bioavailable azaindole hydroxamic acids that were potent inhibitors of the HIV-1 IN enzyme. Here we disclose the design and synthesis of novel tricyclic N-hydroxy-dihydronaphthyridinones as potent, orally bioavailable HIV-1 integrase inhibitors displaying excellent ligand and lipophilic efficiencies.     

Modification and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxy-pyrone derivatives as non-peptidic HIV-1 protease inhibitors

In this study, we have modified 4-hydroxy-pyran-2-ones, especially introduced heteroatoms (S or O) into the substituents, and detected their interactions with the binding pockets of HIV-1 protease (PR). The results indicated that the ethoxyl groups at C-2′ and C-5′ of the phenyl ring could enhance the affinities to the S ₁ ′ and S ₂ ′ pockets and improve the inhibitory activities. The most potent compound 10f with an IC₅₀ of 3.5 nM in enzymatic assay also exhibited good antiviral activity at the cellular level; it exhibited an EC₅₀ value of 2.9 μM in Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected CEM cells and suppressed the PR activity in 293T cells using western blot analysis.     

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indol-1-ones as inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) are reported. A novel series of 3,4-dihydro-2H-[1,4]diazepino[6,7,1-hi]indol-1-ones were designed using a combination of protein structure-based drug design, molecular modeling, and structure-activity relationships (SAR). These novel submicromolar inhibitors possess a tricyclic ring system conformationally restricting the benzamide in the preferred cis orientation. The compounds were designed to optimize space-filling and atomic interactions within the NAD+ binding site of PARP-1. Previously described and newly adapted methods were applied to syntheses of these tricyclic inhibitors. Various modifications were made to the diazepinoindolones at the 6- and 7-positions in order to study this region of the active site and optimize noncovalent interactions. The electron density of derivative 28 bound to chicken PARP-1 revealed that the oxime makes a tight hydrogen bond with the catalytic gamma-carboxylate of glutamic acid (Glu) 988 in accordance with our original designs and models. Most of the compounds have been evaluated for inhibition of human PARP-1. Selected inhibitors were also tested for the ability to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of the DNA-damaging agent Topotecan.