泰安市部分在校大学生结核病健康干预活动效果评价

[目的]探索符合驻泰高校大学生结核病防治知识健康促进方法。[方法]采用整群随机抽样方法,选择驻泰3所高校1 481名大一新生,分别开展知识竞赛、专题教育课、发放宣传单、张贴宣传画等3种不同形式的结核病防治知识健康促进活动,并在健康促进前、后分别进行问卷调查。[结果]健康促进干预前调查1 472人,总知晓率为52.06%,健康促进干预后共调查1 468人,知晓率为73.67%(P<0.01);农业大学、科技大学、职业技术学院干预前知晓率分别为51.91%、52.06%、52.22%,干预后知晓率分别为94.94%、82.84%、70.78%,干预前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),干预前各学校间知晓率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同干预措施差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]知识竞赛、专题教育课、发放宣传单等是高校结核病健康促进活动的重要手段,可以有效提高该人群结核病防治知识知晓率,知识竞赛效果最为明显。     

龙岩市居民结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查

目的了解实施全球基金结核病项目后龙岩市城乡居民结核病防治核心信息知晓情况,对结核病健康促进工作进行评价。方法随机抽取全球基金结核病项目县和非全球基金结核病项目县各1个,开展入户问卷调查。结果两县共调查15～65岁人群1 061人,结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为47.02%,其中上杭县为51.32%,永定县为42.88%。结论居民结核病防治核心信息知晓率尚未达到规定目标,应继续深入持久地开展多种形式、适合人群特点、易于普及的健康教育活动。     

福建省畲族聚集区居民结核病防治知识核心信息知晓情况调查分析

目的了解畲族聚集区公众结核病防治知识知晓情况,明确今后开展结核病防治健康教育工作的方向和重点。方法采用三阶段分层随机抽样方法,在宁德市4个畲族比较密集的县(市、区)随机抽取4个畲族乡共222户居民,使用统一设计的调查问卷对调查对象进行入户面对面询问式调查。结果调查对象对结核病防治5条核心信息总知晓率为51.30%。文化程度低者和老年居民知晓率较低。调查对象对肺结核病的症状和传播途径知晓率较高,对结核病可治愈和国家免费政策知晓率较低。农村居民获取防病知识的途径以电视媒体、宣传单和村医告知为主。结论应对重点人群加强结核病防治健康教育和健康促进工作,根据当地居民生活方式和风俗习惯开展丰富多彩的宣传活动。     

2010～2011年泰安市建筑民工结核病防治知识干预效果评价

[目的]评价政府主导,非政府组织参与,对建筑民工结核病防治知识健康教育效果。[方法]2010年7月至2011年8月采用整群随机抽样方法,选择泰安市4处大型建筑工地民工共378人。随机分为对照组和健康教育干预组(以下简称健康教育组),健康教育组开展张贴宣传画、发放宣传单和健康工具包等不同形式的结核病防治知识健康教育活动,并在健康教育后进行问卷调查,对照组不进行结核病防治知识健康教育活动,直接进行问卷调查。[结果]泰安市建筑民工结核病防治知识知晓率低,为50.02%;非政府组织进行健康教育干预后,知晓率明显高于对照组,为77.72%。健康教育组和对照组结核病防治知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]非政府组织参与建筑民工结核病防治知识健康教育效果良好,可有效提高该人群结核病防治知识知晓率。     

龙岩市城乡居民结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查分析

[目的]了解龙岩市城乡居民对结核病防治核心信息知晓率,为开展健康教育提供依据。[方法]对居民进行结核病防治核心信息问卷调查。[结果]共调查448人,结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为55.7%,城市居民为58.5%,农村为52.0%,城市高于农村。单项知识知晓率差距较大。[结论]居民结核病防治核心信息知晓率提高了,但与国家目标仍有一定差距。应加强结核病防治宣传力度,力争到2010年全民结核病防治知识知晓率达80%。     

全国村医结核病防治知识、政策、行为现状调查

目的了解我国农村医生（简称“村医”）结核病防治核心信息、政策知晓率以及结核病相关医疗行为和健康教育与健康促进工作现状,为制定结核病健康教育和健康促进工作计划提供依据。方法多阶段整群抽样,全国共抽取45个县270个村的村医326名。使用统一设计的调查问卷对村医进行面对面询问式调查。结果74.8%的村医知道咳嗽、咳痰3星期以上有可能是肺结核,83.1%的村医知道新发现的肺结核病人必须进行6个月以上的规范治疗。93.9%的村医知道在结核病防治所做痰检免费,53.1%的村医知道在结核病防治所获取治疗肺结核的药物部分免费。62.6%的村医发现过可疑的肺结核病人。发现过可疑肺结核病人的村医中,75.0%村医对病人进行了登记,77.0%的村医将其转诊至结核病防治所,20.5%村医将病人转诊至其他医院,2.5%村医没有将病人转诊。57.7%的村医经常主动向村民讲解防治肺结核病的知识。66.9%的村医经常宣传国家防治肺结核病的免费政策。大多数村医拿到过宣传画和折页等宣传材料。结论村医的肺结核病防治核心信息和政策知晓率总体较好。大多数村医能够将发现的病人进行登记并转诊,村医主动向病人宣传结核病知识与政策的比例还较低。     

简阳市农村居民结核病健康促进模式效果评价

[目的]探索农村居民结核病健康促进模式并加以推广应用.[方法]选择简阳市两个基本条件近似的乡镇,分别采用大众传播模式和人际传播模式两种不同的健康促进模式进行结核病防治知识的宣传,在健康促进模式开展前后进行问卷调查,比较两种健康促进模式的效果.[结果]开展健康促进活动前后,农村村民结核病防治知识的平均知晓率分别为35.67%、76.45%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=180.21,P＜0.05);两种不同模式的健康促进活动后平均知晓率分别为:76.91%、76.05%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.10,P＞0.05).广播电视和宣传画册是农村居民最喜欢的宣传形式.大众传播的费用少于人际传播.[结论]在农村地区,大众传播仍然是一种切实可行、效果良好的结核病防治知识宣传模式,该形式简便易行,经济实用,便于在农村广泛推广.     

上海市城乡结合部居民结核病防治知识信念行为调查分析

目的了解城乡结合部居民结核病防治知识、信念、行为现状,为今后开展结核病健康教育工作提供科学依据。方法在开展结核病患病率现况调查的同时,对521名常住居民开展结核病防治知识、信念和行为面对面询问式问卷调查。结果居民结核病核心信息总知晓率为68.10%,5条核心信息中知晓率最高的为83.69%,最低的为51.44%。不同居住地和不同文化程度的居民肺结核知晓率存在显著性差异(P0.05)。在同事或邻居得了结核病时,42.98%的人选择尽量保持距离。居民获得肺结核防治知识的渠道不同,主要是观看电视和报纸杂志,居民喜欢的资料是文字为主的宣传材料。结论居民结防知识知晓率有待进一步提高,应针对不同目标人群采用其易于接受的宣传方式开展结核病健康教育活动。     

潍坊市居民肺结核防治核心信息知晓情况调查分析

[目的]了解潍坊市居民对结核病防治核心信息的知晓情况,为进一步有针对性的开展肺结核防控知识宣传教育提供依据。[方法]采用多阶段分层整群等比例随机抽样方法抽取潍坊市3个县(区)的部分居民进行问卷调查。[结果]潍坊市居民肺结核防治核心信息总知晓率为66.54%,其中男性的总知晓率为71.82%,女性的总知晓率为62.12%;城市的总知晓率为73.9%,农村的总知晓率为63.12%。[结论]潍坊市居民对肺结核防治核心信息有一定程度的了解,但是与《全国结核病防治规划(2011-2015年)》知晓率达到85%的要求差距较大。由于存在城乡间不同文化程度的差异,应根据潍坊市农村居民和低文化程度居民设计合适的肺结核健康教育方式。     

元江县中、小学学生结核病知识知晓情况调查分析

[目的]了解元江县中、小学学生结核病知识知晓情况及获取结核病知识的主要途径,为开展学校结核病健康教育提供参考依据。[方法]采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取当地中、小学学生进行问卷调查。[结果]元江县中、小学学生结核病相关知识的总知晓率为49.4%,初中生的结核病知识知晓率普遍高于小学生,学生获取结核病防治知识的途径主要为墙体广告、亲戚等。[结论]元江县学生结核病知识知晓偏低,知晓水平不平衡,获取知识途径有限,需强化结核病防治知识的宣传教育。     

龙岩市公众结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查

目的了解龙岩市公众对结核病防治核心信息的知晓率情况,为开展健康教育活动提供依据。方法每个县市区各随机抽取1个乡镇,各乡镇再随机抽取1个村,对12～65岁居民进行问卷调查。结果共调查6个县1 214人,公众结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为68.09%,男性69.71%,女性66.45%;12～19岁组68.66%,20～39岁组84.01%,40～54岁组58.87,55～65岁组58.13%。结论龙岩市公众结核病防治知识知晓率总体偏低,应加强结核病防治知识的宣传教育力度,寻找有效的途径进行深入群众的宣教活动。     

HIV / AIDS and STD health promotion in Tanzanian fishing villages

The Tanzania-Netherlands Project to Support AIDS Control (TANESA) conducted rapid appraisals in 14 villages with fishing camps along Lake Victoria to determine needs and resources available for HIV/STD (sexually transmitted disease) prevention. Discussions with village members sparked interest, so TANESA launched a health promotion program. It first set up a pilot project in a village of about 600 persons with an established fishing camp. TANESA trained 6 young women and 8 fishermen during a 4-day workshop as peer educators. The topics included anatomy and biology, STDs, HIV prevention, adult education, counseling, and communication skills. Training techniques used were short lectures, group discussions, role-playing, and exercises from a workbook. The newly trained peer educators helped set up a general education campaign: video shows, exhibition boards, pamphlets, condom distribution, and discussion sessions with peers. Village leaders did not support the idea of official classes, an AIDS information room, or a village health committee. Nevertheless, the peer educators continued their mission. Once a month, the program coordinator visits them and advocates the program to village leaders. TANESA next replicated the program in a larger village (about 6000 population). This time, it first mobilized village leaders to develop the program themselves. The core groups were fishermen, female bar and guesthouse workers, and young unemployed women offering sex for money. Each group chose its own peer educators. Village leaders were responsible for the educational campaign organized by the peer educators. The campaign received a positive response and effected positive attitudes towards condom use. Village leaders organized an AIDS action committee. TANESA now provides technical support, fosters a team spirit among peer educators, and supports monitoring activities. Peer educators express an increase in their self-esteem and self-confidence.     

不同形式结核病防治宣传活动成本效益分析

目的评价河北省16个结核防治项目县开展的不同形式结核病防治宣传活动的效果,分析不同结核病防治宣传活动的成本效益。方法利用河北FIDELIS结核病控制项目月报、季报和实施报告获得就诊患者数、不同结核病防治宣传活动开展的频度和成本。利用调查表,随机调查初诊患者的就诊信息来源。结果就诊患者就诊信息的3个主要来源是墙体广告(占26.4%)、电视(占17.4%)和政府布告(占15.1%)。在不同宣传活动中,获得一个就诊患者的平均成本从低到高依次为政府布告、电视、广播、墙体广告和宣传单/画。结论在开展结核病防治宣传活动时,应该结合当地实际情况,针对不同目标人群开展不同形式的宣传活动。充分利用政府布告、墙体广告和电视等覆盖面广,可信度高,成本效益好的宣传活动手段。     

Issues related to participation in worksite health promotion: a preliminary study

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with participation in worksite-based health promotion activities. DESIGN. Follow-up interviews were used to identify demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral differences among three employee groups. Reasons employees chose not to participate in health promotion activities were also explored. SETTING. All respondents were employed at a large midwestern university and were eligible to participate in free onsite health fairs and health promotion programs. SUBJECTS. A stratified random sample of 89 nonparticipants, health fair participants, and behavior change program participants was interviewed. MEASURES. The interview was comprised of questions related to demographic information, personal health habits, physical activity, perceived health status, perceived self-efficacy, worksite norms, health promoting lifestyle factors, and knowledge about health promotion activities. RESULTS. ANOVA and chi-squared comparisons revealed few group differences. Graduate students and employees with advanced degrees were most likely to take part in health fairs. Behavior change program participants were older, clerical-technical staff members, and women. Faculty members were least likely to participate. A lack of time was the most often cited reason for nonparticipation. CONCLUSIONS. The study was retrospective and the analyses limited due to low statistical power. The results suggest that different groups of employees are attracted to different types of health promotion activities.     

武山县小学生病毒性肝炎健康促进项目结果分析

目的评估小学生病毒性肝炎(肝炎)健康促进项目的实施效果,提出健康促进项目的工作策略。方法采用在小学校以肝炎健康教育课为主导,多种形式渗透的互动式,宣传肝炎预防知识的干预模式,实施肝炎健康促进项目。结果通过对全县213所小学的班主任和骨干教师、小学生和家长进行随机抽查,教师、小学生和家长预防肝炎知识知晓率均达到了100%,学生甲型肝炎疫苗和乙型肝炎疫苗接种率均提高到>93%。结论在小学生中实施肝炎健康促进项目有良好的干预效果,是提高小学生肝炎健康知识的好方法。     

健康促进干预对公众和结核病患者结核病知识知晓率的影响

目的了解健康促进对提高公众和结核病患者结核病知识知晓率的效果。方法在全省173个县区中随机抽取2县，通过电视和村广播室播放结核病有关知识、粉刷墙体标语、颁发和张贴政府布告、在各级医疗机构制作宣传栏、印发宣传单／画、制作发放印有结防知识手提包等方式实施为期一年的健康促进干预。干预前后分别对两县400名群众和40例正在治疗肺结核病人进行问卷调查。结果干预前普通群众和正在接受治疗的病人相关知识知晓率分别为53．5％和71．2％，干预后两类调查对象相关知识知晓率均明显提高，分别为72．9％和83．4％。但是文盲和小学文化程度者知晓率仍较低，均低于70％；从不同职业看，农民和在校师生知晓率提高显著，机关干部知晓率无明显提高；不同干预方法对公众知晓率影响不同，电视、村级广播、墙体广告、宣传栏（板报）效果较好。结论实施健康促进干预，可明显提高公众结核病知识知晓率。     

Changes in health indicators related to health promotion and microcredit programs in the Dominican Republic.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of health promotion programs and microcredit programs on three communities in the Dominican Republic. One community had only the health promotion program, one community had only the microcredit program, and one community had both a health promotion program and a microcredit program. This pilot project examined the hypothesis that the largest changes in 11 health indicators that were studied would be in the community with both a health promotion program and a microcredit program, that there would be intermediate changes in the community with only a health promotion program, and that the smallest changes would be in the community with only a microcredit program. METHODS: The health promotion programs used community volunteers to address two major concerns: (1) the prevalent causes of mortality among children under 5 years of age and (2) women's health (specifically breast and cervical cancer screening). The microcredit program made small loans to individuals to start or expand small businesses. Outcome measures were based on comparisons for 11 health indicators from baseline community surveys (27 households surveyed in each of the three communities, done in December 2000 and January 2001) and from follow-up surveys (also 27 households surveyed in each of the three communities, in June and July 2002, after the health promotion program had been operating for about 13 months). Households were randomly chosen during both the baseline and follow-up surveys, without regard to their involvement in the microcredit or health promotion programs. RESULTS: The health indicators improved in all three communities. However, the degree of change was different among the communities (P < 0.001). The community with parallel microcredit and health promotion programs had the largest changes for 10 of the 11 health indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Multisector development is known to be important on a macroeconomic scale. The results of this pilot project support the view that multisector development is also important on a microeconomic level, given that the parallel microcredit and health promotion programs resulted in greater change in the measured health indicators than either program alone. As far as we authors know, this is the first published study to quantify changes in health indicators related to parallel health promotion and microcredit programs as compared to control communities with only a health promotion program or a microcredit program.     

The Effectiveness of a Health Promotion Program for the Low-Income Elderly in Taipei,Taiwan

This study assessed the effectiveness of a health promotion program for low-income elderly provided by trained low-income home health aides. Indicators of the effectiveness of this program included improvement in physical health, psychosocial health and functional status, including activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) as well as changes in perceived health promotion needs. This evaluation study used a single group pre- and post-test experiment design. After informed consent forms were signed by participants, 89 purposively selected low-income elderly (aged 64–96) completed pre-test structured surveys, while 60 participants (aged 68–96) completed post-test surveys. Post-test scores indicated improved nutritional status (paired t = 2.64, p < .05) and chore management of IADL abilities (paired t = 2.83, p < .01). No significant difference in psychosocial status were found between pre- and post-test scores. Perceived needs for health promotion services decreased after the intervention. The results show that the health promotion services were effective in improving health status and decreasing perceived needs for services among low-income elderly in Taipei. Recommendations based on this study for developing services for the low-income elderly must take health promotion intervention into consideration.     

The multiplier effect of the health education-risk reduction program in 28 states and 1 territory.

The multiplier effect of the Health Education-Risk Reduction (HE-RR) Grants Program funded by the Public Health Service is examined to identify outcomes for the period 1978-81. Responses to a questionnaire from the directors of health education of 28 States and 1 Territory supplied the information concerning new health promotion activities generated by the program. The directors were asked to identify and give cost estimates of new activities that resulted from State-level and local intervention projects. A method for calculating the extent to which the HE-RR program influenced new health promotion activities that were funded by alternate sources was devised. The calculation, termed the new activity rate, was applied to the survey data. Rates calculated for the HE-RR program revealed that it generated nearly $4 million in new health promotion activities, most of them funded by the private and voluntary segments of society.     

大庆油田员工心理健康促进方案构建的研究

目的探讨适用于油田企业的员工心理健康促进方案的运作模式及其内容,了解员工生活与心理压力的来源与类型,规划构建有关心理健康教育课程。方法采用问卷调查方法,自行设计调查问卷,在大庆油田有限责任公司员工内采用分层抽样方法抽取3 000人作为调查对象。收集调查对象对心理健康促进的看法及需求并对资料进行统计分析。结果有效问卷2 760份,全体研究对象都认为现代企业关注员工心理健康很重要;受调查对象压力总体感觉比较大及以上者占33.59%,员工压力来源的排序依次为经济压力、生活压力、人际关系压力、职业发展压力、婚姻情感压力及内部竞争压力;员工需要获得的专业帮助依次为情绪管理、压力管理、有效沟通技巧、适应技巧、子女教育与亲子关系、心理调整技巧及职业规划设计;大庆油田员工心理健康促进方案以员工心理健康评价、心理卫生教育训练为主,辅以员工个别心理咨询。结论对大庆石油员工进行心理卫生教育是必要的。