气相色谱法在水质分析中的应用

气相色谱法是一种分离技术,其分离原理是使混合物中各个组份在两相间进行反复多次的分配再分配.在气相色谱法中,由于以气体为流动相,样品物质在气相中的传递较快,气态样品中各个组份与固定相之间的相互作用次数多,一般都在103～106次,而且可以作为固定相的物质种类繁多,可以根据分离各类样品的需要随意选择,使各种各样的混合物样品都基本上可以实现分离;由于检测仪器的种类比较多,可以实现对普通或特殊样品组份的检测,通过标准样的校正就可以给出定性定量结果.     

毛细管电泳与高效液相色谱法在Hb Q-Thailand检测中的比较研究

目的了解毛细管电泳(CE)与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)在Hb Q-Thailand检测中的差异。方法收集10例CE筛查出的可疑Hb Q-Thailand,经地贫基因分析和DNA测序确诊后,再用HPLC检测比对。结果 10例样本中CE均检出Hb Q-Thailand和Hb Q-Thailand A2(Hb QA2),而HPLC仅检出10例Hb QThailand和5例Hb QA2,而且HPLC错误检出Hb Q-H病1例存在Hb A2。CE和HPLC检出Hb Q-Thailand、Hb A2、Hb QA2的含量分别为(34.41±21.10)%、(1.68±0.57)%、(0.77±0.10)%和(31.72±21.46)%、(2.43±0.22)%、(0.24±0.24)%,两组Hb Q-Thailand差异无统计学意义(P0.05),Hb A2和Hb QA2的差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 CE在检测Hb Q-Thailand中优于HPLC。     

薄层色谱-气相色谱法测定人肝癌细胞BEL-7404中芥酸甲酯的含量及意义

目的探讨测定人肝癌细胞BEL-7404内芥酸甲酯浓度的方法。方法采用薄层色谱一气相色谱法测定空白细胞裂解液、加药细胞裂解液、加药细胞培养液内芥酸钾酯浓度,并确定芥酸甲酯浓度和峰面积之间的关系。结果芥酸甲酯50-5000μg/ml具有良好的峰面积-浓度线性关系（r=0．99995）;芥酸甲酯微乳液进人到人肝癌细胞BEL-7404内的量为24．9％。结论薄层色谱-气相色谱法能够准确测定药物进人细胞的浓度。其操作简单快速、干扰小。     

胶束毛细管电动色谱法在血浆硫喷妥钠水平监测中的应用

目的 评价胶束毛细管电动色谱法在血浆硫喷妥钠水平监测中的应用价值.方法 采用胶束毛细管电动色谱法测定25例重型颅脑损伤患者的59份血浆中的硫喷妥钠.结果 硫喷妥钠有效血浆水平为（2.24±0.61） mg/L.硫喷妥钠质量浓度的线性范围为1～ 800 μg/mL,最低检出质量浓度为1.0 μg/mL,平均回收率为99.8％.结论 胶束毛细管电动色谱法为监测血浆硫喷妥钠水平的可靠方法.     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素及多巴胺

建立了用电化学检测器同时测定血浆去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的方法。本方法简便、敏感而稳定,已用于高血压病的鉴别诊断及嗜铬细胞瘤的定位。     

毛细管超速离心法在临床输血中的应用

目的:利用毛细管超速离心技术鉴定新旧红细胞血型抗原,以便临床血型鉴定、抗体筛查,进而保证临床合理配血,确保输血安全。方法:对2015-01—2018-12多次输血交叉配血不合及疑难血型等21例患者进行分类,运用毛细管超速离心方法,分离新旧红细胞或输注红细胞,进行红细胞ABO血型抗原鉴定,Rh系统或及其他系统血型抗原鉴定,直接抗人球蛋白试验鉴定,明确鉴定血型及相应红细胞血型抗体。结果:经毛细管超速离心后,基本明确了2例患者血型,19例患者不规则抗体的特性,同时提示患者的直接抗人球试验阳性多为溶血性输血反应引起。结论:运用毛细管超速离心方法能够完善疑难血型鉴定,红细胞血型抗体的鉴定,有利于保障临床输血安全。     

DNA损伤研究方法概述及毛细管电泳在地方病DNA损伤研究中的应用

DNA损伤研究方法有琼脂糖或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,单细胞凝胶电泳和毛细管电泳等.慨述了这些方法的优缺点及毛细管电泳在DNA损伤研究中的应用.主要是聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳适合于分离小片段(5～500bp)的DNA,其分辨率极高;琼脂糖凝胶的分辨能力要比聚丙烯酰胺凝胶低,但其分离范围广.用各种浓度的凝胶可以分离长度为200bp至近50kb的DNA;SCGE可以应用于研究遗传毒理、氧化损伤、细胞凋亡、药物疗效的鉴定及分子流行病学等许多领域,其缺点是不能进行定量,不能确定DNA碎片的大小,不适于机制的研究;CE即可以进行DNA损伤的定性研究,也可以进行定量研究,通过改变筛分介质等手段即能分离小片段也能分离大片段DNA,因此,具有广泛的应用前景.     

β-丙内酯在人用纯化地鼠肾细胞狂犬疫苗制备中的应用研究

我们将β－丙内酯（简称ＢＰＬ）用于人用纯化地鼠肾细胞狂犬疫苗的灭活,虽然ＢＰＬ是一种致癌物,但极易水解,用毛细管气相色谱法检测含ＢＰＬ的疫苗在３７℃水浴中水解０ｈ、０．５ｈ、１．０ｈ、１．５ｈ、２．０ｈ 时的含量（ｐｐｍ ）分别为２６２．０、７０．０、１３．０、５．１,未检出,结果表明疫苗中的ＢＰＬ随水解时间延长,其含量逐渐变小,２ｈ 以后彻底消失,这为我们应用ＢＰＬ灭活狂犬病毒所需水解时间提供了科学依据。用病毒灭活试验及病毒增殖试验的常规方法对用ＢＰＬ灭活后的疫苗进行有效性实验,结果小白鼠均健康存活,这表明已无活病毒存在,灭活有效     

高效液相色谱法测定人体血液、胆汁和包虫囊液中丙硫咪唑及代谢产物的含量

本文应用高效液相色谱法建立了测定肝包虫病患者血液、胆汁和包虫囊液中丙硫咪唑及主要代谢产物砜和亚砜的分析方法。对12例患者共计173个样本的微量测定结果表明:(1)丙硫咪唑在人体内易氧化分解,大部分转化为亚砜,部分转化为砜;(2)丙硫咪唑亚砜的血液峰值出现在连续口服药后48小时,停药3天后可以从血中基本上消失;(3)丙硫咪唑亚砜在包虫囊液中浓度为411±130μg/L,在血液中1074±337μg/L,在胆汁中2000±1883μg/L。     

色谱技术在分支杆菌分类鉴定及诊断中的应用

色谱技术近年来在医药学领域的广泛应用,尤其是在临床微生物检验方面所发挥的作用己引起各方面的重视。以气相色谱(GC)为主的色谱技术不仅是分支杆菌属分类工作必不可少的手段,而且在分支杆菌的菌型鉴定、结核性脑膜炎的快速诊断及结核杆菌的药敏试验等方面均具有临床实用价值。本文结合作者的工作对这一领域10余年来国内外的研究进展作一综     

Microdetermination of fatty acids by gas chromatography and cardiovascular risk stratification by the "EPA+DHA level"

The therapeutic options for interfering with the electrical instability of a pathologically remodeled or ischaemic heart remain limited. Of increasing importance become interventions which target the fatty acid composition of blood and membrane lipids. In particular, the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provide parameters for stratification of risks associated with severe arrhythmia disorders and sudden cardiac death. Since EPA and DHA appear to have their anti-arrhythmogenic actions when present as free fatty acids, the parameters which determine a critical free fatty acid concentration are of great interest. In the present study, conclusions on EPA and DHA incorporation in blood lipids are derived from the administration of Omacor which contains highly purified (84%) EPA and DHA ethyl esters and reduced the risk of sudden cardiac death by 45% in post-myocardial infarction patients (GISSI-Prevention study). The "EPA+DHA level" is described as risk identifying parameter for severe arrhythmia disorders, particularly if they are associated with myocardial ischaemia. It appears essential not only to build up body stores for release of EPA and DHA but to provide also a sustained uptake of EPA and DHA in the form of ethyl esters. In contrast to more rapidly absorbed triacylglycerols from fish, ethyl esters are taken up slowly within 24 h. For the administration of 1 g/day Omacor to healthy volunteers, it is shown that in whole blood EPA is increased from 0.6% to 1.4% within 10 days while DHA is increased from 2.9% to 4.3%. After withdrawal, the EPA and DHA levels approach baseline values within 10 days. A gas chromatographic procedure was established which requires only 10 microl of whole blood for the identification of more than 30 fatty acids. Evidence is summarized strengthening the concept that a low "EPA+DHA level" presents a risk for severe arrhythmia disorders and sudden cardiac death. The administration of 840 mg/day of EPA and DHA ethyl esters raises the "EPA+DHA level" to approximately 6% that is associated with protection from sudden cardiac death. The pharmacological effects of ethyl esters are compared with the naturally occurring EPA and DHA triacylglycerols present in fish or fish oils which are of interest in primary prevention of cardiovascular disorders.     

Use of capillary blood for the evaluation of iron status

The accuracy and precision of measurements of iron status made on the capillary blood from a single 75 X 1-mm microhematocrit tube were evaluated in 301 normal volunteers. After recording the hematocrit value, a hematofluorometer was used to assay erythrocyte protoporphyrin directly on the packed red cell fraction. Values in the low normal range were 50-100% higher than assays by an extraction technique in simultaneously collected venous blood. However, measurements in the iron deficient range were only 12% greater. Plasma ferritin concentration was determined by using an enzyme-linked immunoassay on 10-microliters plasma retrieved after measuring the hematocrit. Capillary values were approximately 7% higher than venous concentrations, the proportional difference being consistent throughout the measured range. When the individual measurements were combined to calculate the iron storage status of each individual, the frequency distribution of iron stores in 141 female volunteers between 18 and 36 years of age was approximately Gaussian and paralleled that calculated for women aged 18-44 years in NHANES II. These studies demonstrate that iron status can be determined accurately from the measurement of hematocrit, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and ferritin on a single microhematocrit tube of capillary blood.     

Evaluation of capillary haemoglobin determination for anaemia screening in blood donation settings

BackgroundAn accurate assessment of hemoglobin (Hb) values before donation is unavoidable for safeguarding donors’ safety and fulfilling the current specifications of Hb content in blood bags. This study was hence aimed to compare a finger-prick method for Hb measurement in capillary blood with Hb assessment in venous blood using a hematological analyser.ResultsA significant overestimation was found with HemoCue compared to UniCel DxH800, but the correlation between methods was significant (comprised between 0.600 and 0.759; all p<0.01) and the bias always lower than the quality specifications. The prevalence of Hb values below the gender-specific thresholds for blood donation was also not significantly different (p=0.186).DiscussionIt can hence be concluded that the finger-prick method evaluated is a safe and reliable means for screening blood donors.     

高碘对小鼠的脑损伤及DHA和EPA的拮抗效应

目的观察二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十五碳烯酸(EPA)对高碘所致的脑蛋白质、核酸代谢和bcl-2、bax基因表达损伤的拮抗效应。方法体质量10￣14g的昆明种小鼠随机分为适碘组(IN)、高碘组(IE)和高碘加DHA和EPA组(IEDE)。IN组动物饮含碘量为50μg/L的去离子水,IE组和IEDE组饮含碘量为3000μg/L的去离子水,IN和IE组动物用普通鼠饲料喂养,IEDE组动物用每公斤含DHA200mg和EPA100mg的鼠饲料喂养。90d后雌雄2∶1合笼,仔鼠继续用亲代喂养条件喂养,30d后处死仔鼠,称全脑和海马组织质量,测大脑蛋白质、DNA、RNA含量和bcl-2、bax基因表达量。结果IE组动物脑和海马组织质量、蛋白质、DNA、RNA数量和bcl-2基因表达均显著低于IN组,bax基因表达则高于IN组,IEDE组脑和海马质量、蛋白质、DNA、RNA含量与IN组差异无统计学意义,但bcl-2表达低于IN组,bax表达高于IN组,而与IE组差异无统计学意义。结论高碘能干扰脑蛋白质和核酸代谢及bcl-2、bax基因表达,使脑质量下降,DHA和EPA可拮抗高碘所致的脑蛋白质和核酸代谢的紊乱,对高碘引起的bcl-2、bax基因表达变化未见明显的调整作用。