腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术中胆囊管残端的处理

目的:对比分析腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术(laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy,LSC)中胆囊管残端关闭处理和开放处理的效果。方法:回顾分析2001年4月至2009年12月为87例患者施行LSC的临床资料,其中胆囊管残端关闭处理(A组)36例,残端开放处理(B组)51例。结果:所有病例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无胆管损伤等严重并发症发生。A组术后4例发生胆囊管残留综合征(cholecystic duct remnant syndrome,CDRS),均接受再次开腹手术治愈;B组术后8例轻微胆漏,均自行愈合,无CDRS发生。结论:LSC适于困难条件下的胆囊切除;关闭胆囊管残端有可能导致CDRS,适时选择开放残端安全可行,可减少CDRS的发生。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发胆漏28例分析

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆漏的预防措施。方法　回顾性分析我院 76 0 0例腹腔镜胆囊切除术并发胆漏 2 8例 (0 .36 % )的原因。结果　手术经验不足、误认和靠近肝外胆管锐性分离是损伤肝外胆管和副肝管的主要原因 ;胆囊管和胆囊床处理欠妥是残端漏和渗漏的重要因素。结论　遵循手术规范化原则 ,紧靠胆囊钝性分开Calot三角 ,辨认清“三管一壶腹”的关系 ,正确处理胆囊管和胆囊床是预防胆漏的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术后并发胆囊管残留综合征的原因和防治

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术后并发胆囊管残留综合征的原因和防治。方法:回顾分析231例胆囊切除手术的临床资料。结果:205例传统胆囊切除术(open cholecystectomy,OC)术后1例并发胆囊管残留综合征(cholecystic duct rem-nant syndrome,CDRS),占0.49%;26例腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术术后2例并发CDRS,占7.31%。腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术后CDRS发生率高于OC(P=0.03)。结论:严格把握腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的适应证和规范操作是预防CDRS的关键。     

胆囊壶腹部结石嵌顿伴胆囊积液的腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的探讨胆囊壶腹结石嵌顿伴胆囊积脓的腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性及手术方法。方法76例急性胆囊炎伴胆囊壶腹结石嵌顿胆囊积脓行LC。术中见胆囊管增粗37例,阶梯施夹法11例,大号钛夹法9例,套扎线法3例,Hem-o-lok结扎14例;术中取出胆囊管结石9例,处理胆囊床出血6例;6例行胆囊前壁切除手术。结果76例LC全部成功。手术时间50~125 m in,(65.0±32.8)m in。均放置引流,引流量40~90 m l/d,(50.0±10.4)m l/d,术后18~36 h拔除引流管。术后2例出现胆漏,经腹腔引流管引流治愈。76例无术后出血、内脏损伤和胆道损伤等并发症发生。结论急性胆囊炎伴胆囊壶腹结石嵌顿和胆囊积脓患者行LC可行。     

胆囊壶腹部切开结合圈套器在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨胆囊壶腹部切开结合圈套器在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用及其适应证和优越性。方法回顾性分析2005年7月至2009年7月对行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中由于各种原因导致胆囊管分离解剖困难者111例,术中应用胆囊壶腹部切开结合圈套器行胆囊管部位结扎的临床资料。结果术后所有病人均恢复良好,无一例发生胆漏、胆管损伤、出血、黄疸及胆囊管残端残余结石等并发症。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊管分离解剖困难,应用胆囊壶腹部切开结合圈套器行胆囊管部位的结扎安全可行,优势明显。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中处理冰冻样三角的手术技巧

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中"冰冻样"Calot三角的处理经验。方法:回顾分析我院为21例患者根据其术中胆囊三角疤痕化程度,分离三角结构后行胆囊大部切除或全切除术的临床资料。结果:行腹腔镜胆囊切除术5例,腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术16例,无中转开腹。平均手术时间87min,术中平均出血160ml,术后平均住院5.2d。仅1例术后发生胆漏,3d后自愈。结论:采用适当的手术技巧,可为Calot三角"冰冻样"改变的患者安全完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术。     

腹腔镜手术治疗胆囊管结石142例

目的总结胆囊管结石的腹腔镜手术处理技巧。方法 2000年2月～2011年6月对142例胆囊管结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。术中常规采用胆囊管挤捏法,将胆囊管结石挤入胆囊内;若失败,则切开结石上方处部分胆囊管,取出结石,残端钛夹夹闭;若残端较粗、偏短,丝线结扎缩小管腔后再用钛夹夹闭或Hem-o-lok结扎钉夹闭。结果 142例完成LC,无中胆管损伤、大出血及胆管结石残留等严重并发症。术后6例发生胆漏,引流2～3周胆漏停止,拔除引流管痊愈。142例术后随访3～12个月,平均6个月,未发生胆道狭窄、胆总管结石及术后出血等严重并发症。结论术中仔细探查胆囊管,警惕胆囊管结石的存在,熟练掌握胆囊管挤捏法、胆囊管部分切开法及胆囊管预先结扎法等手术技巧是腹腔镜胆囊管结石手术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊管的处理体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中胆囊管残端处理的经验。方法:回顾分析2010年3月至2015年3月为1 568例患者行LC的临床资料,其中术后胆囊管残端形成结石15例,9例为急性胆囊炎发作期手术,6例为胆囊管解剖变异。结果:4例在腹腔镜下完成手术,11例中转开腹。患者术后上腹部隐痛不适、肩胛间区疼痛、食欲不振等症状均缓解,术后无胆漏、胆道狭窄等并发症发生,术后随访3个月~4年,彩超及MRCP提示均未见胆囊管结石或胆总管结石。结论:LC术中处理胆囊管时胆囊管残端应尽量短,最好做到与胆总管切线位,以预防术中胆囊管残端残余结石及术后残端再发结石。     

胃大部切除术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的　探讨胃大部切除术后腹腔镜胆囊切除 (LC)的可行性及手术方法和技巧。　方法　 16例胃大部切除术后胆囊良性疾病 (胆囊结石 13例 ,胆囊息肉样病变 3例 )行LC。采用闭合法建立气腹 ,分离粘连 ,松解悬吊于肝门部的十二指肠残端、结肠肝曲及网膜等 ,显露胆囊全貌及Calot三角 ,按常规切除胆囊。　结果　 16例中LC成功 15例 ,因胆囊管难以辨认中转开腹胆囊切除 1例 ,全组无出血、内脏损伤、胆漏和胆道损伤等并发症发生。　结论　胃大部切除术后胆囊良性疾病LC可行 ,可达到常规LC的良好效果。     

胆囊管丝线结扎法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的研究丝线结扎胆囊管法在短胆囊管患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中是否安全适用。方法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中发现因胆囊颈部结石嵌顿导致短胆囊管时使用丝线结扎胆囊管。结果共完成因胆囊颈部结石嵌顿致短胆囊管患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术36例,无中转开腹,术后无胆漏、胆道狭窄和胆道结石残留等并发症。结论丝线结扎胆囊管法在短胆囊管患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应用安全可行。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后迟发性胆漏的诊治体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)后迟发性胆漏的发生原因、诊治方法及预防措施。方法:回顾分析5例LC术后迟发性胆漏患者的临床资料。结果:5例患者胆漏发生时间为术后5～10 d,平均(7.4±1.7)d;其中迷走胆管损伤、焦痂脱落2,胆囊管钛夹滑脱1例,胆总管电灼伤1例,原因不明1例。1例于B超引导下穿刺引流治愈;3例行腹腔镜探查术,其中1例行迷走胆管结扎、腹腔引流术,2例分别行开腹迷走胆管缝扎及胆囊管缝扎、腹腔引流术;1例胆总管损伤患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影/内镜鼻胆管引流术+B超引导腹腔穿刺引流术治愈。住院12～21 d,平均(15.3±2.1)d;出院后1年复查,无胆道狭窄、胆系感染等并发症发生,生活质量良好。结论:LC术后迟发性胆漏的发生原因主要有迷走胆管损伤、胆管电灼损伤及胆囊管处理不当。内镜及介入治疗具有较好的应用前景。     

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy: a review of 56 procedures

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The essential surgical steps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy remain similar to those of open cholecystectomy. Positive identification of the biliary anatomy, safe clipping or ligature of the cystic duct and artery, and dissection of the gallbladder from the liver bed form the basis of cholecystectomy. Subtotal cholecystectomy is a definitive and safe operation under certain adverse conditions intraoperatively for dissection of the gallbladder from the liver bed. We reviewed our experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 2-year period between June 1996 and May 1998, when 1,680 operations were performed. The objective was to analyze the pathology, review surgical procedures, and trace the outcome of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 56 of 1,680 patients, laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy was performed, which constituted 3.33% of the laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at our institution. Dense fibrosis and adhesions were present in 32 patients; 12 patients had Mirizzi syndrome, 6 patients had a sessile gallbladder, and 6 patients had a gangrenous gallbladder. The Endo-GIA 30 stapler was used in 40 patients, sequential clips were used in 9 patients, and a suture for stump closure was used in 5 patients. A subhepatic drain was inserted in 50 patients. RESULTS: Two conversions to open surgery were needed because of gangrene of the gall bladder wall and one conversion as a result of continued bleeding from the cystic artery after application of the Endo-GIA 30 stapler. The mean postoperative stay in hospital was 2.5 days. One patient had a solitary bile duct calculus extracted at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 3 months after surgery. Three patients had biliary drainage that lasted for a week, and four patients had epigastric port-site infections that resolved with antibiotics, dressings and postural drainage. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy is safe, feasible, and effective and may help prevent conversion to open surgery in carefully selected patients with difficult cholecystectomies.     

贴壶腹钝性分离法在冰冻Calot三角腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨贴壶腹钝性分离法在冰冻Calot三角腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic choelcystectomy,LC)中的应用价值。方法:回顾分析2006年4月至2012年4月应用贴壶腹钝性分离法为136例冰冻Calot三角患者行LC的临床资料。结果:126例成功完成LC,手术时间40～95 min,平均52.1 min;术后腹腔引流管引流出淡红色或淡黄色渗液,引流量30～120 ml/d,平均62 ml/d;引流管拔除时间1～4 d,平均2 d;术后下床活动、进食时间与普通LC相同,均为术后第1天;术后住院4～7 d,平均5 d;全组未发生肝外胆管损伤及手术死亡,3例(2.20%)术后轻微胆漏经保守处理治愈。2例(1.47%)意外胆囊癌、3例(2.20%)术后胆囊管残留结石患者再次行开腹手术;5例(3.68%)因结石嵌顿剥破胆囊管而中转开腹。结论:LC术中遇Calot三角解剖不清(冰冻Calot三角)时应用贴壶腹钝性分离法可预防胆管损伤、减少中转开腹,扩大了LC的手术适应证,值得有经验的术者推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆囊管结石及胆囊管残株结石的处理体会

目的:总结胆囊管结石的术前诊断及腹腔镜胆囊切除(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)、胆总管探查术的处理措施与技巧,并探讨LC术后早期胆囊管残留结石行腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除术的手术方式、技巧与注意事项。方法:回顾分析27例LC、2例腹腔镜胆总管探查术、2例LC术后早期腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除术的临床资料。结果:31例均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹。LC术中1例肝总管针孔样损伤,用4-0可吸收线缝合修补一针,术后无胆漏发生。结论:胆囊管结石较常见,术前、术中容易漏诊,对于术后早期发生的胆囊管残留结石可行腹腔镜胆囊管残株切除。     

An unusual bile collection after postcholecystectomy bile leakage

Leakage from the cystic duct stumps accounts for the majority of postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy leaks. It commonly presents with a localized bile collection in the gallbladder fossa and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with biliary stenting is a common method of treatment. However, bile may collect in other intra-abdominal locations away from the gallbladder fossa. We present here a case of a patient who developed upper abdominal pain with distension, anorexia, and vomiting a week after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scans showed an intra-abdominal collection and ERCP showed a cystic duct stump leak. A biliary stent was inserted and the collection was percutaneously drained. His symptoms, however, recurred 2 weeks later, with fever, anorexia, and weight loss. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed 9.3x8.5 cm cystic mass in the left hypochondriac area and ERCP showed persistent leakage from the cystic duct stump. The stent was changed to a larger size Fr12 and the collection was again drained percutaneously. His clinical condition improved dramatically. The biliary stent was removed after 8 weeks and remained well at 9-month follow-up.     

腹腔镜胆囊颈部成形术在保胆取石术中的应用

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜胆囊颈部成形术在保胆取石术中的应用价值。方法:2006年3月至2010年8月为320例患者施行完全腹腔镜下保胆取石(息肉)术,其中12例胆囊颈部结石嵌顿患者行胆囊颈部切开取石成形术,保留了胆囊。腹腔镜下切开胆囊颈部前壁1～1.5cm,取出结石,胆道镜检查无残余结石,胆囊管通畅,有胆汁流出后,用4-0可吸收线间断全层缝合胆囊颈部,为预防狭窄,部分病例纵切横缝,针距、边距均为1.5mm。结果:12例手术均获成功,手术时间120～190min,平均(163±27)min,腹腔引流管术后2～4d拔除,无胆漏;术后住院7～10d,平均(8.5±1.0)d。12例均获随访,随访时间1～56个月,无结石复发,术后1个月胆囊炎症明显减轻,术后3个月胆囊功能明显恢复,术后6个月胆囊收缩功能恢复25%～52%,8例高于30%。结论:完全腹腔镜下胆囊颈部成形术治疗胆囊颈部结石嵌顿是一种有效的保胆术式。     

Laparoscopic reintervention for residual gallstone disease

Laparoscopic reintervention is being increasingly performed in patients who have previously undergone surgery for gallstone disease. A few patients with gallbladder remnants or a cystic duct stump with residual stones have recurrent symptoms of biliary disease. Patients with bile duct injuries were excluded from the study. We reviewed our experience in treating such patients over a 4-year period, January 1998 through December 2001. Five patients underwent laparoscopic reintervention after previous surgery for gallstone disease performed elsewhere during the period mentioned above. Of these 5 patients, 3 had impacted stones in gallbladder remnants (laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 2; open cholecystectomy, 1) and 2 had recurrent symptoms after cholecystolithotomy and tube cholecystostomy (conventional surgery) performed elsewhere. Laparoscopic excision of the gall bladder remnants was done in 3 patients and a formal laparoscopic cholecystectomy was done in 2 patients who had previously undergone cholecystolithotomy and tube cholecystostomy. The mean operating time was 42 minutes. No drainage was required postoperatively. All patients were symptom-free during a mean follow-up of 2.3 years (range, 7 months to 4 years). Reintervention may be required for patients with residual gallstones whose symptoms recur after gallbladder surgery such as cholecystectomy, subtotal cholecystectomy, and tube cholecystostomy. It is safe and feasible to remove the gallbladder or gallbladder remnants in such patients laparoscopically.     

急性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术治疗体会(附212例报告)

目的总结急性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的经验。方法 2004年1月~2009年1月,对212例急性胆囊炎行LC。术中行胆囊减压,将胆囊颈部嵌顿的结石反向推至胆囊内,恢复胆囊三角的解剖关系,紧贴胆囊颈分离解剖胆囊管和胆囊动脉;对增粗的胆囊管用7号丝线结扎后再加钛夹或可吸收夹;胆囊局部病变重,胆囊三角解剖不清者,行胆囊大部切除,残余胆囊黏膜电凝破坏,缝合胆囊残端;对短胆囊管,在明确胆囊管、肝总管和胆总管的关系后用1枚钛夹夹闭胆囊管,离断时留部分胆囊颈组织以防钛夹脱落。212例术后均放置腹腔引流管。结果 201例完成LC,11例中转开腹,其中Mirizzi综合征Ⅰ型2例,胆囊与胃、十二指肠、横结肠紧密粘连2例,7例为胆囊三角粘连严重,解剖不清。4例术后胆漏,经保守治疗痊愈。186例随访1~12个月,平均4.6月,无胆总管残余结石等并发症。结论 LC治疗急性胆囊炎是安全可行的,严格病例选择,酌情处理胆囊三角、胆囊管和分离胆囊,常规放置引流管,适时中转开腹是手术成功的关键。