不同方式胆囊切除术对肺功能的影响

腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscope cholecystectomy,LC)以其损伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点而普遍开展.我院在2005年3月-2005年4月间对LC和开腹胆囊切除术(opened cholecystectomy,OC)对肺功能的用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)和第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volumel1,FEV1)的影响进行比较.     

腹腔镜上腹部与下腹部手术后肺功能的比较研究

目的:比较上腹部腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)、下腹部腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)、腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)对患者术后肺功能改变的影响。方法:将50例患者根据疾病分为3组,A组行LC(n=20),B组行LA(n=14),C组行TAPP(n=16)。分别于术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h检查一次肺功能。结果:A组患者术后肺功能明显改变,用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)、最大呼气中段流量(maximal midexpiratory flow curve,MMF)等肺功能指标均明显下降,B、C组患者术后当天肺功能仅有轻微改变。3组间,术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h痛觉评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)差异无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜下腹部手术(LA、TAPP)后肺功能的改变小于上腹部腹腔镜手术(LC),腹腔镜手术部位对肺功能的改变情况有重要作用。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除和下腹部妇科腹腔镜术后肺功能的比较研究

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除和下腹部妇科腹腔镜术后患者肺功能改变的不同。方法:30例女性患者分为3组:腹腔镜胆囊切除组(A组),下腹部妇科腹腔镜手术组(卵巢囊肿、宫外孕)(B组)和微创妇科腹腔镜手术组(诊断、输卵管结扎)(C组),每组10例。手术后第3、6小时和第1、2天各做1次肺功能检查。结果:A组患者术后肺功能明显改变,肺活量、第1秒用力呼气量和最大通气量均下降,B组术后当日肺功能有轻微改变,C组术后肺功能无改变。结论:下腹部妇科腹腔镜手术后肺功能的改变少于腹腔镜胆囊切除术,腹腔镜手术部位对术后肺功能变化有重要作用。     

老年人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的特点

目的:探讨老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术的特点。方法:分析266例老年人(≥65岁)行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的手术时间、中转剖腹手术例数、住院天数、手术并发症、围手术期肺功能和血气分析变化,分别与中青年患者LC及老年患者剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)比较。结果:老年人LC平均手术时间为39min,手术中转率为5.6％,手术并发症占5.3％,均高于中青年LC患者,但明显低于OC的老年患者,且比较轻。但老年患者LC后的肺功能减退(10.2％)和高碳酸血症(20.3％)明显多于OC,多数可在术后短时间内恢复。结论:与OC比较,老年人LC仍是一种损伤小、安全可靠和恢复快的理想手术方法,但要针对老年患者的特点以及LC可能引起的肺功能下降和高碳酸血症,做好术前处理、术中及术后监测和并发症的预防。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者胃肠功能的影响

观察腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者胃肠功能影响的差异。100例急性结石性胆囊炎患者中80例行腹腔镜手术(LC组),20例行常规开腹胆囊切除术(OC组)。LC组手术后整体疼痛程度、术后平均住院时间及切口美容效果(切口长度)显著优于OC组(P0.05);LC组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气排便时间、进食时间显著短于OC组(P0.05),且手术后血清CRP水平低于OC组(P0.05)。相对于传统开腹手术,腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎术后疼痛更少,对机体损伤更小,对肠胃功能影响更轻,利于患者康复。     

老年人腹腔镜胆囊切除术的特点

目的 探索老年人LC的特点及围手术期处理。方法 回顾性分析了266例老年人(≥65岁)行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的手术时间、中转剖腹手术例数、住院天、手术并发症、围手术期肺功能和血气分析变化,分别与中青年病人LC及老年病人剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)比较。结果 老年人LC平均手术时间(39分)、手术中转率(5.6％)、手术并发症(5.3％)均高于中青年LC患者,而明显低于OC的老年病人,且并发症较轻。但老年人LC后的肺功能减退(10.2％)和高碳酸血症(20.3％)明显多于OC,多数可在术后短时间内恢复。结论 老年人LC仍不失为一种损伤小、安全可靠和恢复快的理想手术方法,但要针对老年病人的特点以及LC可能引起的肺功能下降和高碳酸血症,做好术前处理、术中及术后监测和并发症的预防。     

低压CO2气腹下老年患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术对肺功能的影响

探讨低压CO2气腹条件下对老年患者进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）肺功能的影响及临床应用价值。对40例老年胆囊结石并胆囊炎患者随机分为低压气腹（A）组和常压气腹（B）组，分别建立10mmHg和15mmHg气腹后开展LC，检测术前及术后24h肺功能及动脉血气分析。 结果示：（1）两组患者均较顺利完成手术。（2）术后24h时，两组患者肺功能检查示肺活量、用力肺活量、1秒率、呼气流速峰值及最大分钟通气量（MVV）均显著低于术前24h时（P<0.01,P<0.05）。（3）术前及术后24h时，除A组手术前后MVV差值显著高于B组外（P<0.05），其他指标的差值均无显著性差异。（4）动脉血pH，PaO2及PaCO2在手术前后及两组间均无显著性差异。提示低压CO2气腹条件下行LC可能改善老年患者肺功能，但这种改善作用是有限的，其临床应用的价值并不大。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体应激反应的影响

目的 研究腹腔镜手术对机体应激反应的影响.方法 选择我院2007 年9 月月至2008 年9 月间行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)和开腹胆囊切除术(OC)的患者共178 例,其中LC 139 例,OC 39 例.LC 按手术时间长短分为3 组:A 组手术时间≤30 min,26 例;B 组30~60 min,76 例,C 组>60 min,37 例.检测患者手术前后内皮素(ET)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的变化,观察比较手术方式以及LC 手术时间长短对应激指标的影响.结果 譹訛LC 组术后1 d ET 明显下降(P<0.05),术后3 d 恢复至术前水平;OC 组手术前后ET 无显著变化;譺訛两组患者手术结束时SOD 活力明显低于术前水平(P<0.05),LC 组术后2 d 恢复至术前水平,OC 组术后3 d 恢复至术前水平;譻訛不同LC 手术时间组对术后各应激指标影响无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 LC 对机体应激反应的影响小于OC.     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对急性结石性胆囊炎患者术后胃肠功能的影响

目的观察开腹胆囊切除术(OC)与腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)对急性结石性胆囊炎患者术后胃肠功能的影响。方法随机将60例急性结石性胆囊炎患者分为开腹组(26例)和腹腔镜组(34例)。开腹组实施OC,腹腔镜组实施LC。比较2组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气排便时间、进食时间及血清CRP水平。结果 2组均顺利完成手术。腹腔镜组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气排便时间、进食时间均显著短于对照组;手术后血清CRP水平低于OC组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与OC比较,LC治疗急性结石性胆囊炎,对术后肠胃功能影响小,可促进患者早期康复。     

肺叶切除术和亚肺叶切除对老年早期非小细胞肺癌病人肺功能和术后复发的影响

目的对比肺叶切除术和亚肺叶切除术对老年早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)病人的临床疗效、术后并发症、肺功能以及术后复发的影响。方法 2014年1月～2015年12月间我院就诊并接受手术治疗的老年早期(T1aN0)NSCLC病人164例,按手术方式不同分为两组,A组68例,接受亚肺叶切除术,B组96例,接受肺叶切除术。比较两组病人围手术期情况、肺功能指标的变化、术后3年累计复发率。结果 A组病人手术时间、术中失血量、胸管引流时间、术后前3天胸管总引流量分别为(140.83±32.17)分钟、(78.45±25.64)ml、(5.18±1.17)天、(786.31±157.42)ml,明显少于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3天,用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气量%预计值(FEV1%pre)、最大呼气流量(PEF)高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组术后3年累计复发率略高于A组(35.25%vs 25.0%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论亚肺叶切除术与肺叶切除术病人的术后复发率基本一致,但是亚肺叶切除术并发症发生率更低,且老年早期NSCLC病人肺功能影响更小。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响

目的：比较腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法：随机将有胆囊切除手术指征的80例患者分为2组,腹腔镜胆囊切除组（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC组）和开腹胆囊切除组（open cholecystectomy,OC组）各40例,测定并比较手术前后IgG、IgM、IgA,补体C3、C4水平及CD3^＋（T细胞总数）、CD4^＋（T辅助/诱导细胞）和CD8^＋的数量。结果：两组IgM、IgA、C4手术前后均无明显变化,两组间差异无统计学意义。LC组术后1d IgG、C3较术前有所下降,术后3d恢复至术前水平;OC组术后1d IgG、C3明显低于术前水平,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,OC组术后IgG、C3下降明显。LC组T淋巴细胞亚群手术前后差异无统计学意义,OC组术后1d CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋与术前比较明显降低,术后5d恢复至术前水平;组间比较,术后1d、3d OC组CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋均明显低于LC组。结论：腹腔镜手术对机体的免疫功能影响小,术后恢复快。     

剖腹胆囊切除术与腹腔镜胆囊切除术胰岛素抵抗的差异

目的对比剖腹胆囊切除术(OC)和腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的胰岛素抵抗程度和持续时间,以确定LC有更小的组织创伤。方法将53例择期手术病例分为OC组(28例)和LC组(25例),对比两组的生理学评分、住院时间及在术前、手术结束、术后24h、72h的胰岛素敏感性(IS)改变。结果LC组IS下降最多仅为8%,而OC组IS下降可达20%。两者有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论LC术后IS改变较OC术后少,对机体的损伤小,有利于病人的康复。     

Pulmonary function after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Laparotomy causes a significant reduction of pulmonary function, and atelectasis and pneumonia occur after open cholecystectomy. In this prospective, randomized study, we evaluated the hypothesis that pulmonary function is less restricted after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) than after open cholecystectomy (OC). METHODS: Sixty patients underwent laparoscopic (n = 30) or open (n = 30) cholecystectomy. The two groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, intraoperative findings, and preoperative pulmonary function. Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood-gas analysis, and chest radiographs were obtained in both groups before operation and on postoperative day 1. RESULTS: The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (mean +/- SD values; OC, 1.49 +/- 0.77 L/s; LC, 2.33 +/- 0.80 L/s; p > 0.0001) and the forced vital capacity (OC, 2.40 +/- 0.66 L; LC, 2.93 +/- 1.05 L; p > 0.01) were more suppressed in patients having OC than in those having LC. Similar results were found for the peak expiratory flow (OC, 3.51 +/- 1.35 L/s; LC, 4.27 +/- 1.66 L/s; p > 0.05), expiratory reserve volume (OC, 0.73 +/- 0.34 L; LC, 0.92 +/- 0.43 L; p > 0.05), and the midexpiratory phase of forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) (OC, 1.45 +/- 0.54 L/s; LC, 1.60 +/- 0.73 L/s; NS). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was associated with a significantly lower incidence of (30 vs 70%) and less severe atelectasis and better oxygenation. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary function is better preserved after LC than after OC.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后患者肝功能及免疫功能的变化

目的:观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)对患者肝功能及免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2012年1月为胆囊结石患者行开腹胆囊切除术(open cholecystectomy,OC)(n=65)及LC(n=65)的临床资料,对比两组患者肝功能及免疫功能的变化。结果:两组患者术后血清ALT、AST、TBIL均较术前升高,术后第5天恢复至正常水平。术后第1天、第3天,OC组ALT、AST、TBIL水平明显低于LC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);免疫学指标IgA、IgM、IgG两组患者手术前后均无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:LC可造成患者肝功能明显升高,但术后可迅速恢复,对免疫功能无影响。     

Changes in liver function tests after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: not so rare, not always ominous

The incidental findings of increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) after uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) prompted us to investigate the incidence and the clinical significance of this phenomenon. Changes in liver function test after LC (n = 55) were compared with those after OC (n = 16). Liver function tests were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively on days 1, 2, and 7. All of the patients fulfilled the selection criteria: normal preoperative liver function test and no endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, common bile duct exploration, or postoperative biliary complications (injury, infection, or obstruction). Converted cholecystectomies were also excluded. During LC, the intra-abdominal pressure was maintained within the conventional range of 14 to 15 mm Hg. ALT had doubled in the first 48 hours from the preoperative mean in 58.2 per cent in LC patients versus only 6.3 per cent in the OC group. AST doubled from the preoperative mean value in 38.2 per cent in the LC group versus only 6.3 per cent in the OC group. By the 7th postoperative day, the enzymes returned to the preoperative values in both the LC and the OC group. In many instances, a significant increase in ALT and AST blood levels occurred after uneventful LC. The phenomenon is transient as these enzymes returned to normal value within 7 days. These changes are clinically silent in patients with a normal liver function.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者肝功能及C反应蛋白水平的影响

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）与开腹胆囊切除术（open cholecystectomy,OC）两种术式对患者肝功能的影响。方法：随机将慢性胆囊炎合并胆囊结石患者75例分为LC组40例,OC组35例,分别于术前及术后第1、3、5天抽取外周静脉血2ml,检测以下指标：血清总胆汁酸（TBA）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血清总胆红素（TBIL）、γ-谷氨酸转肽酶（γ-GT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）以及C反应蛋白（CRP）。结果：LC组和OC组手术后第1天与第3天TBA、ALT、AST、TBIL及CRP均升高,LC组的CRP升高较OC组更加显著（P〈0.05）。手术后第5天两组各项指标均恢复至正常水平,两组无显著差异。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术相比,对肝功能的影响无明显差异,实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的　了解腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)对人胰岛 β细胞功能的影响。 方法　 40例择期在硬膜外阻滞麻醉下胆囊切除术病人 ,随机分为腹腔镜胆囊切除术组 (LC组 ,n =2 0 )和开腹胆囊切除术组 (OC组 ,n =2 0 )。分别于术前、气 (开 )腹后 2 0分钟、术毕 2 0分钟取血样 ,用放免法测定血浆胰岛素和C肽 ,用葡萄糖氧化酶 (GOD)法测定血糖。结果　气 (开 )腹后和术毕两组血糖均高于术前。以OC组增高明显 (P <0 0 1) ;LC组仅术毕 2 0分钟高于术前 (P <0 0 5 )。胰岛素、C肽和胰岛素 /血糖比 (I/G)∶LC组气腹后、术毕均略高于术前 (P >0 0 5 )。与术前比OC组胰岛素增加不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。C肽开腹后降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,术毕后升高 (P <0 0 5 )。I/G术毕略低于术前 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　LC应激反应轻于OC ,对胰岛 β细胞功能无明显影响。     

Oxidative stress markers after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Surgical injury is associated with oxidative stress, often due to ischemia/reperfusion injury. During laparoscopy, increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by pneumoperitoneum may cause splanchnic ischemia followed by reperfusion due to deflation. We measured several markers of oxidative stress in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus open cholecystectomy (OC) to find if these surgical procedures result in different patterns of oxidative stress. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 43 patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, of whom 21 underwent open, and 22 laparoscopic, cholecystectomy. Twenty healthy adults comprised the control group. Total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), endogenous peroxide level (POX), oxidized low density lipoprotein (oLDL) autoantibodies (oLAb), and neopterin were measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS: POX values decreased significantly on postoperative day 1 in the OC (P<0.01), but not in the LC, group. On postoperative day 7, POX values were higher than preoperatively in both groups (P<0.01) with no difference between the LC and OC groups. Significant postoperative elevations of oLAb and neopterin levels were observed only on postoperative day 7 in the OC group. There were no changes of oLAb and neopterin levels in the LC group. TAS and SOD levels did not change after either LC or OC. CONCLUSION: Cholecystectomy, either open or laparoscopic, caused only moderate oxidative stress. Open cholecystectomy caused changes of oLAb and neopterin, suggesting more severe oxidative stress, and a possible role of reactive oxygen species in the healing of the laparotomic wound.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术对机体免疫球蛋白、补体及CRP的影响

目的 :研究腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)和开腹胆囊切除术 (OC)对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 :检测LC 2 0例和OC 18例患者入院次日、术后 2 4h和 4 8h的IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4 及C 反应蛋白质 (CRP)含量并进行对照研究。结果 :LC组免疫球蛋白及补体水平手术前后无变化 ,OC组术后血清IgG和C3低于术前水平 ,两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但OC组术后下降幅度比LC组大 ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。两组术后CRP均明显升高 ,而OC组术后改变明显高于LC组 ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :LC和OC术后早期免疫功能均在一定程度上被抑制 ,但LC组的免疫抑制程度较OC组轻 ,恢复快 ,表明LC对机体的创伤较小 ,是微创手术     

Postoperative cell mediated immune response is better preserved after laparoscopic vs open colorectal resection in humans

BACKGROUND: Animal studies have documented significantly better preserved postoperative cell-mediated immune function, as measured by serial delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) challenges, after laparoscopic-assisted than after open bowel resection. Similarly, in humans, the DTH responses after open cholecystectomy have been shown to be significantly smaller than preoperative responses; whereas after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, no significant change in DTH response has been noted. The purpose of this study was to assess cell-mediated immune function via serial DTH skin testing in patients undergoing laparoscopic or open colectomy. METHODS: A total of 35 subjects underwent either laparoscopic (n = 18) or open colectomy (n = 17) in this prospective but not randomized study. Only patients who were judged to be immunoresponsive by virtue of having responded successfully to a preoperative DTH challenge were eligible for entry in the study. DTH challenges were carried out at three time points in all patients: preoperatively, immediately following surgery, and on the third postoperative day (POD 3). Responses were measured 48 h after each challenge and the area of induration calculated. There were no significant differences between the laparoscopic (LC) and open (OC) colorectal resection groups in regard to demographics, indications for surgery, or type of resection carried out. The percentage of patients transfused was similar in both groups (17%, LC; 12% OC; p = NS). In the LC group, all cases were completed without conversion using minimally invasive methods. There were no perioperative deaths, and the rate of postoperative complications was similar in both groups. The preoperative and postoperative DTH results were analyzed and compared within each surgical group using several methods. RESULTS: In regards to the OC group results, the median sum-total DTH responses for the day of surgery challenges (0.44 +/- 69 cm2) and the POD 3 challenges (0.72 +/- 3.37 cm2) were significantly smaller than the preoperative results (3.61 +/- 3.83 cm2, p <0.0005 vs op day and p <0.0003 vs POD 3 results). When the LC group results were similarly analyzed, no significant difference in DTH response was noted between the pre- and the postoperative challenge results. Additionally, when the median percent change from baseline was calculated and considered for the OC group's DTH results, both postoperative challenge time points demonstrated significantly decreased responses when compared to their preoperative results (vs day of surgery, p <0.007; vs POD 3, p <0.006). Similar analysis of the LC group's results yielded nonsignificant differences between the pre- and postoperative responses. Lastly, when the LC and the OC groups median percent change from baseline results were directly compared for each of the postoperative challenges, a significant difference was noted for the POD 0 challenge (LC, -21%; OC 88%; p <0.004) but not for the POD 3 challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative DTH responses of the open surgery patients were significantly smaller than their preoperative responses. This was not the case for the laparoscopic group (a combination of fully laparoscopic and laparoscopic-assisted resections). When the open and laparoscopic groups results are directly compared, regarding the results of the day of surgery DTH challenges, the LC groups median percent change from baseline was significantly less than that observed in the OC group. These results imply that open colorectal resection is associated with a significant suppression of cell-mediated immune response postoperatively, whereas in this study laparoscopic colorectal resection was not. Further human studies are needed to verify these findings and to determine the clinical significance, if any, of this temporary difference in immune function following colon resection.