Micronucleus count in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps

IntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, a prevalent disease affecting around 2% of the world population, is characterized by symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa and impairment of quality of life. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps has a multifactorial etiology, involving a dysfunctional host response to environmental factors. Thus, inflammatory models may be useful to shed light on the pathophysiology of this disease. Micronucleus count has been used to screen DNA damage in various tissues.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between frequency of micronucleus in exfoliated cells from the nasal cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and disease severity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 21 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and 19 controls without disease. None of the participants were smokers.ResultsMean micronucleus count was 3.690 per 1000 cells (±2.165) in individuals with vs. 1.237 per 1000 cells (±0.806) in controls; (Student's t test = 4.653, p < 0.001). Nasal surgery in the past 5 years and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease were not associated with nicronucleus count (p = 0.251).ConclusionMicronucleus count seems to be linked to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, providing a new perspective for the evaluation of this disorder.     

难治性鼻息肉Th17细胞亚型鉴定、分化以及调节机制的进展研究

难治性慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）对激素和手术治疗效果差,进一步寻找有效治疗策略非常有必要。除Th2型外,另一类难治性CRSwNP患者主要特点为黏膜组织内Th17相关细胞因子和IL-8表达增高,伴有大量中性粒细胞浸润。Th17细胞按照功能可分为参与免疫稳态维持的非致病性Th17细胞和具有致炎作用的致病性Th17细胞,而对于非致病性和致病Th17细胞功能的认识大多基于自身免疫疾病中的研究结果;在CRSwNP组织中是否存在非致病性和致病性Th17细胞亚群,Th17细胞亚型在CRSwNP中的鉴定以及Th17细胞是否参与难治性CRSwNP的发病还需要进一步的研究。本文拟对Th17细胞亚型鉴定、分化及其调控机制进行综述,为我国难治性鼻窦炎患者治疗提供新的研究方向。     

Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with sinonasal polyposis

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was is to investigate the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) when performed for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with sinonasal polyps. METHODS: Forty-three patients with polyps were compared with 76 patients without polyps before and after ESS. Mean follow-up was 1.5 years. Patients were analyzed prospectively based on computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, quality-of-life (QOL) assessment, and visual analog scales (VASs). Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether the presence of polyps was predictive of outcome. RESULTS: Patients with polyps had worse CT and endoscopy scores both pre- and postoperatively when compared with patients without polyps (p < 0.0001 for each). All patients, regardless of polyps, improved on endoscopic exam; however, patients with polyps showed a greater degree of improvement (p = 0.002). Despite this, postoperative endoscopic scores in patients with polyps were worse than those without polyps (p < 0.0001). Patients with polyps had better QOL as measured by the Chronic Sinusitis Survey (CSS) both pre- and postoperatively (p = 0.001 and 0.044, respectively). The preoperative VAS indicated that patients with polyps had increased nasal obstruction compared with patients without polyps (p = 0.002) while having less facial pain and headache (p = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively). Patients with polyps showed a greater postoperative improvement in nasal congestion (p = 0.003) but no difference in level of improvement in postoperative headache or pressure. CONCLUSION: Despite significantly worse objective testing scores, patients with polyps report significantly better QOL as measured by the CSS and less facial pain/headache as measured by VAS scores pre- and postoperatively. Polyps were not found to be predictive of QOL or endoscopic outcome.     

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and antrochoanal polyps

Chronic rhinosinusitis without and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP), and antrochoanal polyps are different phenotypes with different pathomechanisms. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme expressed in many cells involved in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan to kynurenine. IDO might have a role in allergic airway inflammation. The aim was to evaluate if IDO expression is associated with CRSsNP, CRSwNP, or ACP. One hundred fifty specimens from the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa were immunohistochemically stained with mAb anti-IDO. The expression of epithelial and leukocyte IDO was associated with CRSwNP and ACP. The presence of ASA intolerance, asthma, atopy, smoking and use of medication did not significantly change the results. The different expression of IDO could putatively indicate the differences in the pathomechanisms of CRSsNP, CRSwNP and ACP. Further studies on the role of IDO in upper airways pathologies are required.     

BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病过程中的作用研究

目的 研究BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中的表达及意义。 方法 收集山东大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2016至2017年慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)手术标本37例及单纯鼻中隔偏曲手术标本18例,采用免疫荧光染色检测BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组织中的表达及定位;脂多糖(LPS)刺激体外培养人鼻黏膜上皮细胞后,采用免疫荧光检测BRF2在细胞中的表达及定位,Western bloting及实时荧光定量PCR检测BRF2和内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78在细胞中的表达。 结果 BRF2在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组织中表达量上调并在胞浆中的分布增多;在体外,LPS刺激可诱导鼻黏膜上皮细胞中BRF2表达上调并在胞浆中的分布增多,并发现内质网应激相关蛋白GRP78表达上升。 结论 BRF2可能介导了内质网应激,从而参与了慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的发病过程。     

Role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

Background/Objective: The pathophysiological and prognostic role of blood inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) emerging from recent studies was investigated.

Material and Methods: The main available evidence and largely-recent publications were critically analyzed.

Results: Several authors reported a direct association between blood eosinophilia and CRSwNP recurrence rates. In some large series, a direct association between recurrent CRSwNP and blood basophil values emerged too. CRSwNP patients’ blood eosinophil and basophil values were strongly related. It was also found that preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte, and basophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were significantly higher in patients who experienced a disease relapse than in those who did not. In histologically-confirmed eosinophilic-type CRSwNP treated with endoscopic sinus surgery, mean blood eosinophil values dropped significantly from before to after the surgical procedure.

Conclusions/Significance: CRSwNP endotypes have different inflammatory profiles reflected in the relative proportions of different types of blood cells. The available data support the theory that blood eosinophil and basophil levels should be included in the routine preoperative work-up of CRSwNP patients in order to give patients accurate prognostic information, adopt rational follow-up protocols after surgery, and provide dedicated postoperative medical treatments.     

上皮屏障在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中的研究进展

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病,以鼻腔和鼻窦黏膜的高度异质性慢性炎症为特征。近年来,由于其发病率不断升高且易反复发作,预后较差,严重影响患者的生活质量,增加社会医疗经济负担。鼻黏膜上皮细胞构成的上皮屏障作为“守门员”,是鼻腔抵御病原体、过敏原等入侵的第一道防线。它通过启动防御机制、激活各类理化因子和调节免疫反应等维护宿主鼻腔黏膜的健康稳态。研究表明,上皮屏障功能障碍与CRSwNP的发生密切相关,也是目前CRSwNP领域的研究热点之一。因此,深入探究调控CRSwNP上皮屏障功能障碍的潜在分子生物学机制至关重要。本文将对上皮屏障在CRSwNP形成过程中的功能、作用机制和破坏因素等方面的研究进展作一综述,以期为阐明CRSwNP的病理机制提供见解,为其诊断和治疗的研究提供新方向。     

Improvement of sinonasal mucociliary function by endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Objectives

Mucociliary clearance is an important defense mechanism for upper and lower airway. Chronic rhinosinusitis has been frequently associated with mucociliary dysfunction. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is recommended for treatment-resistant sinusitis in order to improve mucociliary function. The present study investigated the effect of ESS on the saccharin time (mucociliary clearance time) in relation to symptom profile assessed by the Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22, and disease severity based on the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores and Lund-Mackay computed tomographic (CT) scores.

不同类型鼻息肉患者外周血Th17细胞含量的变化及意义

目的：研究不同类型鼻息肉患者外周血Th17细胞含量及其与炎性细胞浸润的关系;探讨其与预后的关系。方法对81例鼻息肉和20例鼻中隔偏曲患者进行研究。外周血Th17细胞含量采用流式细胞仪检测;鼻息肉组织嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润程度以每高倍视野每104μm2面积所含有的数量表示;内镜表现采用Lund-Kennedy评分;主观症状采用VAS评分;影像学CT表现采用Lund-Mackay评分。结果嗜酸性鼻息肉组和非嗜酸性鼻息肉组患者外周血Th17细胞百分比分别为2.10%（3.75%,1.40%）和1.10%（1.70%,0.73%）,两组差异有统计学意义（Mann-Whitney U=358.0,Z=-2.965,P=0.001）;外周血Th17细胞百分比与鼻息肉组织中嗜酸性粒细胞呈正相关（r=0.408,P＜0.001）,与术后3个月内镜评分有中等程度相关性（r=0.458,P＜0.001）。结论 Thl7细胞表达可能与噬酸性鼻息肉发病及预后有关。     

Effect of oral steroids on olfactory function in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

AimsThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral steroids on olfactory disturbances in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Material and methodsThis is a prospective randomized non-blinded study. Selected CRSwNP patients (n = 140), with hyposmia, were devided into two groups; group A received a 7-day course of oral steroids with a 12-weeks course of nasal steroids and douching; group B received a 12-weeks course of nasal steroids and douching. Assessment included Sniffin’ Sticks scores, visual analogue scale score for olfaction and discomfort (VASsmell, VASdis), the Sinonasal Outcome Test-22, Greek-version (SNOT22-Gr) and the endoscopic appearance (EAS).ObjectivesThe main objective was to compare the olfactory effect of the different therapy in group A and group B, at 2, 12 and 24 weeks. Accessory objectives included the comparison of EAS, VASdis and SNOT22-Gr between groups, the evaluation of the therapeutic outcome duration, and, the investigation of potential correlation between the evaluated parameters.ResultsThe 2-weeks evaluation showed a significant statistical difference (P < 0.001) for all parameters except VASdis. Olfactory outcomes (Sniffin’ Sticks and VASsmell scale scores) were found significantly better in group A at the 24-weeks evaluation (P < 0.001). Within groups, the therapeutic result remained stable between the 12-weeks and 24-weeks evaluation (P > 0.05). Sniffin’ Sticks score was strongly correlated at 12-weeks evaluation with EAS (rho = 0.58, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur results suggest that a combination treatment of oral and nasal steroids in well-selected patients with CRSwNP may result in early olfaction restoration with a possible long-term effect.     

Type 1/type 2 inflammatory cytokines correlate with olfactory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

BackgroundOlfactory dysfunction secondary to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been highly associated with impaired quality of life. Asian CRS patients showed a distinct inflammatory profile, with less type 2 endotype compared with European and North American. This study aimed to explore the pattern of the inflammatory cytokines in CRS patients from China and their association with olfactory function.MethodsInstitutional review board-approved prospective study in which the olfactory function of 71 CRS patients was assessed with Sniffin' Sticks before the nasal endoscopic surgery. A set of cytokines and inflammatory mediators including type 1 and type 2 inflammatory cytokines were measured in nasal mucus by using a multiplex flow cytometric bead assay (CBA). Baseline characteristics in CRS patients were collected and the Spearman r statistic was performed to assess the association of olfactory function with cytokines and inflammatory mediators.ResultsA total of 71 nasal mucus samples of CRS patients, including 25 chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) patients and 46 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients, were evaluated in this study. The nasal mucus levels of type 1 inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ (interferon-γ), type 2 inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly and inversely correlated with olfactory function in total patients with CRS (r = −0.308, p = 0.009; r = −0.250, p = 0.036; r = −0.399, p = 0.001; r = −0.269, p = 0.023; r = −0.273, p = 0.021, respectively). In CRSsNP, the olfactory function was inversely correlated with levels of type 1 inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) (r = −0.637, p = 0.001) and IL-10 (r = −0.468, p = 0.018). Nevertheless, the olfactory function in CRSwNP was inversely correlated with type 2 inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 (r = −0.303, p = 0.041) and IL-5 (r = −0.383, p = 0.009).ConclusionBoth type 1 and type 2 inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRS-associated olfactory dysfunction in the Chinese population.     

Sinonasal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 9 is decreased in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps

BACKGROUND: Innate immune recognition of pathogens by sinonasal epithelial cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous studies have indicated that toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA is present in sinonasal mucosa, and levels of TLR9 expression are decreased in recalcitrant CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the cellular source and function of TLR9 in the sinonasal epithelium is not known. In this study, primary epithelial cell cultures were analyzed from control subjects and CRSwNP patients to determine the presence and function of TLR9 protein. METHODS: Primary epithelial cell cultures were established from 5 controls and 10 CRSwNP patients undergoing sinus surgery. Flow cytometry was used to confirm purity of epithelial cells and to assess expression of TLR9 protein. Epithelial cells were stimulated with TLR9 agonist, and mRNA was analyzed by real-time PCR for expression of human beta-defensin (HBD) 2 and interleukin (IL)-8. RESULTS: Flow cytometry showed TLR9 protein in 100% of epithelial cells from controls and CRSwNP patients. The level of expression was 50% lower in CRS patients than in controls. Stimulation of epithelial cells with TLR9 agonist produced a 1.5- to 9-fold increase in HBD-2 and IL-8 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Functional TLR9 protein is expressed by normal and diseased sinonasal epithelial cells. The level of TLR9 expression is decreased in CRSwNP patients, consistent with the previous finding of decreased TLR9 mRNA in whole sinonasal tissue. These findings suggest that impaired innate immune responses to pathogens via TLR9 on sinonasal epithelial cells may represent a critical mechanism in chronic inflammatory sinus disease.     

Staphylococcus aureus superantigens are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a meta-analysis

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common health problem in the world. However, its etiology remains unclear. Recent researches have hypothesized that Staphylococcus aureus (SA) exotoxins which act as superantigens might be associated with inflammatory mucosal changes seen in CRSwNP. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus superantigens and CRSwNP. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CNKI were searched to collect the case–control studies on the relationship between SA superantigens and CRSwNP from the date of establishment of the databases to May 2013. The extracted data were analyzed by RevMan 5.0. The main outcome measures were SA culture-positive rate, the detection rate of SA superantigens and its specific IgE. Twelve studies including 340 cases and 178 controls were selected. The results showed that SA culture-positive rate in the CRSwNP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (OR 4.85, 95 % CI 1.80–13.05, P = 0.002), the detection rate of SA superantigens and its specific IgE in the CRSwNP group were both significantly higher than that in the control group (OR 12.07, 95 % CI 4.57–31.90, P < 0.00001; OR 17.03, 95 % CI 5.43–53.39, P < 0.00001, respectively) and the CD4⁺ T cell counts and Lund-Mackay CT scores were statistically higher in the IgE-positive group than in the IgE-negative group (MD 16.26, 95 % CI 4.86–27.67, P = 0.005, MD 2.43, 95 % CI 0.39–4.48, P = 0.02, respectively). However, the eosinophil and CD8⁺ T cell counts showed no difference between IgE-positive group and -negative group. This meta-analysis indicated that the SA superantigens may be a risk factor for CRSwNP, and the presence of SA superantigen is related to the disease severity of CRSwNP.     

变应性因素在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉发病中的作用

目的探讨变应性因素与慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的临床表现和病理生理改变的关系。方法回顾性分析81例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者,根据是否存在变应性因素,将其分为为菲变应性因素组和变应性因素组,比较两组症状VAS评分、鼻息肉主观评分、鼻窦CT Lund-MacKay评分、嗅觉功能、鼻阻力等指标问的差异。结果81例患者中,非变应性因素组45例,变应性因素组36例。两组问症状VAS评分和鼻息肉主观评分无显著性差异（t=0．87,P=0．40：t=0．58,P=0.64）。鼻窦CT的Lund—MacKay评分,变应性因素组的前组筛窦病变程度较非变应性因素组严重,存在显著性差异（f=2．11,P=0．03）,而其余各鼻窦及OMC区均无显著性差异。两组间嗅觉功能以及双侧鼻腔总阻力亦无显著性差异（t=0．15,P=0.88：t=0．57,P=0．61）。结论变应性因素在慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的发病中不起主导作用,对临床症状、鼻息肉大小、嗅觉功能和鼻阻力等方面没有显著影响,但可能与前组筛窦的病变程度存在一定相关性。     

前炎细胞因子对鼻息肉上皮细胞人类白细胞抗原表达的影响

目的　探讨前炎细胞因子对鼻息肉上皮细胞表达人类白细胞抗原 (humanleucocyteantigen ,HLA) DR的影响。方法　 2 3例鼻息肉及 1 1例鼾症患者下鼻甲标本 ,固定包埋 ,以HLA DR单抗免疫组化染色以观察HLA DR阳性细胞的分布。另分离其上皮细胞体外培养 ,并以白介素 1 β(interleukin 1 β ,IL 1 β) ,肿瘤坏死因子 α(tumornecrosisfactor,TNF α) ,IL 1 β +TNF α ,IL 1 β +TNF α +地塞米松分别刺激 ,采用免疫组化SP法 ,检测HLA DR在鼻息肉、下鼻甲组织上皮细胞及炎性因子下培养上皮细胞中的表达及分布。结果　HLA DR在鼻息肉组织中主要表达于上皮细胞层。在鼻眶手术患者下鼻甲组织中上皮表面纤毛层有轻微表达。培养的鼻黏膜上皮细胞阳性表达在胞浆 ,发现 :①对照组阳性细胞表达极少 ,鼻息肉组与下鼻甲组差异无显著性 ;②加入IL 1 β或TNF α ,HLA DR表达明显增加 ,与对照组差异显著 ,IL 1 β+TNF α刺激组表达最强 ,且鼻息肉上皮细胞表达强于下鼻甲组 ;③加入地塞米松后 ,各组表达水平下降 ,鼻息肉组与下鼻甲组无明显差别。结论　鼻息肉上皮细胞在前炎细胞因子作用下通过HLA DR分子的表达参与抗原提呈和炎症过程。糖皮质激素通过下调HLA DR的表达 ,可作为免疫抑制剂减轻局部免疫损伤。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉合并哮喘患者肺功能分析

目的 分析慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)合并哮喘患者肺功能情况。 方法 选取74例经鼻内镜手术(FESS)的CRSwNP合并哮喘患者,分组进行肺功能比较:男49例(男性组),女25例(女性组);吸烟32例(吸烟组),不吸烟42例(非吸烟组);血清特异性IgE阳性者27例(IgE组),阴性者47例(非IgE组);外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高(外周血嗜酸粒细胞绝对值>0.5×10⁹/L)者27例(外周血嗜酸粒细胞升高组),未升高者47例(外周血嗜酸粒细胞非升高组);术后送检鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞升高(嗜酸粒细胞平均>10个/HPF)者31例(组织嗜酸粒细胞升高组),未升高者43例(组织嗜酸粒细胞非升高组)。所有肺功能检测均在具有上岗资质变态反应科专业医师指导下完成,检测数据由德国康讯肺功能仪(PowerCubeBody)采集,肺功能指标包括第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV₁)占预计值的百分比(FEV₁% pre)、FEV₁与用力肺活量(FVC)的比值占预计值的百分比(FEV₁/FVC% pre)、最大通气量(MVV)占预计值的百分比(MVV% pre)、用力呼出50%肺活量时的瞬间呼气流(FEF_50%)、用力呼出75%肺活量时的瞬间呼气流(FEF_75%)及最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)。74例患者评估肺功能下降程度后针对性给予雾化吸入治疗,2~3次/d,沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂1吸,2次/d,予孟鲁司特钠 10 mg/d,氯雷他定10 mg/d口服,同时给予盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂 2次/d+布地奈德鼻喷雾剂 2次/d喷鼻治疗。自入院至术前,患者行药物治疗时间为1~14 d。所有患者术前30 min雾化吸入1次,麻醉前行沙美特罗替卡松粉吸入剂1吸。对术前药物干预后肺功能改善情况进行判定。 结果 74例患者均顺利完成手术。入院时女性组FEF_50%、FEF_75%及MMEF低于男性组(t分别为3.213、2.829、3.644,P分别为0.002 0、0.006 1、0.000 5),吸烟组较非吸烟组、外周血及鼻息肉组织中嗜酸粒细胞升高组均较非升高组FEV₁/FVC% pre下降(t分别为2.032、2.259、2.634,P分别为0.045 8、0.029 2、0.010 3),同时鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞升高组较非升高组MVV% pre降低(t=2.453, P=0.0166)。经术前规范药物干预后,患者肺功能指标FEV₁%pre、FEV₁/FVC% pre、MVV% pre、FEF_50%、FEF_75%及MMEF均较入院时改善(t分别为6.640、6.071、8.166、5.554、6.137、4.256, P均为0.000 0)。 结论 CRSwNP合并哮喘患者中,女性较男性更易伴发小气道功能障碍;吸烟、外周血及鼻息肉组织嗜酸粒细胞升高亦可影响肺功能;规范的术前药物干预可有效改善CRSwNP合并哮喘患者的肺功能,减少围术期哮喘急性发作风险,有助于手术顺利实施。     

鼻息肉组织中Th_1、Th_2细胞因子的表达及其意义

目的 :探讨 IL- 4、IL- 5等 8种细胞因子在鼻息肉发病中的作用和对鼻息肉治疗的意义。方法 :采用酶联免疫吸附实验 (EL ISA)法检测 2 5例鼻息肉患者鼻息肉组织中 Th1 细胞因子 IFN- γ、IL- 2、IL- 12和 Th2 细胞因子 IL- 4、IL- 5、IL- 8、IL- 10、IL- 13的表达 ,并比较经皮质激素治疗前后鼻息肉中细胞因子表达的差异。结果 :2 5例中 ,IL- 4、IL- 5、IL- 8、IL- 10、IL- 13等 Th2 细胞因子的表达较正常组织增高 ,其中以 IL- 4、IL- 5最为显著 ,分别达3.9倍和 8.8倍 ;应用皮质激素后细胞因子的表达水平显著降低 ,而 IFN- γ、IL- 2、IL- 12等 Th1 细胞因子浓度较正常组织中降低 ,应用激素后其表达无明显改变。结论 :Th2 细胞因子 IL- 4、IL- 5、IL- 8、IL- 10、IL- 13等的升高 ,在鼻息肉的发病过程中可能具有重要的意义 ,通过改变 Th2 细胞因子的表达趋势 ,可能对鼻息肉的治疗具有一定的意义。