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1.
A multi-center case-referent study was conducted on the relation between paternal occupational exposure and spina bifida in offspring. Cases were born between 1980 and 1992 in The Netherlands. Referents were recruited from hospitals and from the general population. Postal questionnaires were used to gather information on occupation and potential confounders. Through job-specific telephone interviews with 122 case fathers and 411 referent fathers, detailed exposure information was collected on specific tasks, the use of chemical or physical agents, frequency of exposure, and use of protective equipment. The study yielded statistically significant associations between spina bifida and low exposure to welding fumes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.6) and low exposure to UV radiation during welding (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2–5.6), and suggestive findings of an association between spina bifida and moderate or high exposure to cleaning agents, moderate or high pesticide exposure (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7–4.0), and stainless steel dust (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 0.8–5.2). No associations were identified for other paternal occupational exposures, such as organic solvents. Am. J. Ind. Med. 32:283-291, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

2.
Paternal occupation and Wilms'' tumour in offspring.   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that paternal occupation is a risk factor for Wilms' tumour in offspring. Occupations associated with exposure to lead (Pb) and to hydrocarbons were examined by computing odds ratios, all of which were greater than unity but not by a statistically significant margin. When painters were considered separately, children whose fathers had been so employed were six times more likely to develop Wilms' tumour than children whose fathers had other occupations. Like the results for the Pb and hydrocarbon related occupations, the estimated relative risk associated with painters did not reach statistical significance. Although these data require cautious interpretation because of the relatively small number of subjects, the results reported here are not wholly consistent with the results of the one previous study of paternal occupation and Wilms' tumour in offspring.  相似文献   

3.
A mortality-based case-control study of selected risk factors for childhood brain tumors was undertaken. Ohio-born children who died from brain cancer during the 1959-1978 vicennium were compared to control children (of the same age, race, and sex) by using information obtained from the subjects' birth certificates. Differences between the case and the control children with respect to paternal occupation, the focus of the study, were examined. Controlling for the potentially confounding effects of several nonoccupational factors, case fathers were found more likely than control fathers to have been employed (at the time of birth of their children) in agriculture, in metal-related jobs, in structural work jobs in the construction industry, and in electrical assembling, installing, and repairing occupations in the machinery industry. Although the results must be interpreted with caution, the findings lend support to the hypothesis that parental occupation is a potential risk factor for childhood brain tumors.  相似文献   

4.
A case-control study has been conducted to determine the association between employment as a fire fighter and congenital heart defects among the offspring. Cases were fathers of all children born between 1979 and 1986 in Ontario, Canada, who were diagnosed with a cardiac congenital anomaly during the first year of life (n = 9340). Matched controls (n = 9340), defined as fathers whose child did not have a congenital anomaly, were randomly selected from the Ontario birth certificate file. In order to identify those fathers who had been employed as a fire fighter, the cases and controls were linked to a cohort of Metropolitan Toronto fire fighters. Eleven cases and nine controls worked as fire fighters, giving an odds ratio of 1.22 (95 percent confidence interval 0.46–3.33). This study had sufficient power to detect the level of risk reported in one previous study; however, these results do not support a hypothesis of elevated risk of cardiac congenital anomalies among the offspring of fire fighters. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

5.
目的 掌握有色金属企业职业伤害分布特征,探索职业伤害发生规律和影响职业伤害发生的因素,为最大限度地控制和减少职业伤害提供科学依据。方法 用回顾性流行病学调查方法,调查某有色金属企业1980~1999年职业伤害发生情况和分布规律。结果 某有色金属企业1980~1999年发生职业伤害3831例。矿山3000例,工厂831例;男性3592例,女性239例;轻伤3630例,重伤104例,死亡57例。职业伤害在时间分布上有季节性特征。昼时分布有明显的集中趋势,高发于中班,圆形分布检验差异有显著性。人群分布以20~30岁年龄为高发人群,构成占40%以上,以20~25岁为最高点。工龄分布以1~10年工龄者为高发,最高点在1~5年工龄段。轻伤和重伤的年龄差别有统计学意义(Z=-2.184,P=0.029),职业伤害程度与年龄呈正相关(r=0.041,P=0.011)。职业伤害主要分布在打眼、出矿、钳工、起重、支柱五大工种,易受伤部位是手、脚、头、四肢、五官,易受伤类型是物击、车辆、高坠。结论 某有色金属企业职业伤害发生率逐年下降,综合干预收到了效果,职业伤害是可以预防和控制的。  相似文献   

6.
Congenital malformations, stillbirth, and infant mortality were studied in a cohort of all female pharmacy assistants in Denmark under the age of 40 years who were members of the national union in 1979 to 1984 (4,939). Data on all births and deaths during first year of life during the study period were identified through the national birth register. Information on type of work, exposures, and life-style variables were obtained by postal questionnaires, to which 93% responded. In general, pharmacy assistants had a low frequency of congenital malformation and death among their offspring. Compared with an internal reference group, pharmacy assistants engaged in production or packing of pharmaceutical products experienced an increased prevalence of congenital malformations among their offspring. Working with identification and controls showed a slightly increased risk of death during the first year of life of the children. This could indicate occupational risks, but other explanations cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

7.
父母MTHFR基因型与子代先天性心脏病的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 探讨父母双方 MTHFR基因型对子代发生先天性心脏病的影响。方法 采用病例对照研究方法 ,研究对象来自辽宁省十余个市县 ,收集其肘静脉血液 ,用 PCR- RFL P方法确定MTHFR基因型。结果 两组父、母亲单独比较其基因型构成、等位基因频率 ,其差异无显著性 ;父母各种基因型组合两两比较也无统计学意义。将父母的等位基因合在一起 ,则病例组的 T等位基因频率 (5 7.94 % )高于对照组 (5 1.0 3% ) ,P <0 .0 5 ,OR值 1.32 ;父母双方均是纯合突变会增加后代患 CHD的危险 ,χ2 =6 .2 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ,OR值为 4 .33(95 % CI :1.18~ 18.77) ;通过计算后代纯合突变的概率 ,发现后代纯合突变的概率越大 ,患 CHD的风险性越大。结论 父母双方 MTH-FR6 77TT基因型与后代 CHD的发生有关 ,后代 TT基因型是 CHD发生的危险因素之一  相似文献   

8.
The use of occupation as a surrogate for workplace exposures when more specific information is unavailable is common yet is particularly challenging in studies involving many diverse occupations. A classification scheme that aggregates workers based on similar job tasks and potential exposures was developed for use in a Canadian study, and its adaptation for a similar U.S. study is described. The 56 occupational categories and 1980 U.S. census occupation and industry codes used to create each are presented. The scheme was developed using the distribution of occupations and industries in two limited study populations, and no exposure measurements were taken in its preparation. However, the aggregation of jobs with similar exposures has practical utility in the analysis of a large number of specific occupations, each with a small number of workers. As a result, the scheme presented can provide a starting point for researchers facing this task in the analysis of case-control occupational data.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: At least one congenital anomaly is present in between 1% and 6% of all infants throughout the world. The aim of this study was to document some epidemiological features of congenital anomalies in the North-West of Iran. METHODS: The study cases (n = 1574) comprised all births registered/notified to three university-hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from 2000 to 2004. RESULTS: Total prevalence of congenital anomalies was 165.5 per 10 000 births [95% confidence interval (CI): 157-174]. Genito-urinary tract and kidney defects, anomalies of nervous system and limb anomalies accounted proportionally for more than 65% of anomalies in the region. The total prevalence of congenital anomalies in the study area increased from 104.6 per 10 000 births in 2000 (95% CI: 90-119) to 170.1 per 10 000 births in 2004 (95% CI: 152-189). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the data from this cross-sectional study of congenital anomalies in the North-West of Iran may be used as the baseline information to establish a population-based registry of birth defects in the area for health care and research purposes.  相似文献   

10.
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12.
目的 分析平阴县先天性肾脏畸形流行病学特点和分布特征,为防治出生缺陷提供依据。方法 收集平阴县2004-2017年出生缺陷登记资料及出生人口资料,分析发病频率和历年发病趋势,比较不同性别和城乡之间发病频率分布差异,并绘制病例分布地图;描述先天性肾脏畸形的发病顺位、肾脏畸形儿特征以及临床诊断情况。结果 1)肾脏畸形发生率:平阴县2004-2017年先天性肾脏畸形共83例,发生率为17.06/104。男女性别间发病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),城乡间发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);发生率位居前三顺位的肾脏畸形是肾畸形(4.93/104)、肾盂积水(4.52/104)与肾缺失(3.50/104)。2)流行病学三间分布特征:平阴县西北部城区附近及东南部平原地区病例分布较集中;不同肾脏畸形存在时间聚集性,肾盂积水和肾畸形发生主要集中在2007年前后,并于2016年后呈明显增加趋势;男性肾盂积水发病率高于女性,而女性肾缺失的发病率高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。3)临床特征、诊断与转归 先天性肾脏畸形产前孕28周之前诊断比例为27.71%,应用过超声检查确诊比例为97.59%;双肾缺陷比例为39.76%,单发肾脏畸形比例占83.13%;活产儿占50.60%,死胎死产儿占49.40%。结论 平阴县先天性肾脏畸形发生率明显高于国内其他地区,且存在地区、时间、性别聚集性,提示可能存在区域性危险因素;应加强孕28周产前诊断能力,提高先天性肾脏畸形早期发现率。  相似文献   

13.
Using the Cancer Environment Registry of Sweden, which links the 1960 census information on employment with cancer incidence data from 1961-1979, we conducted a systematic, population-based assessment of esophageal cancer incidence by industry and occupation for men in Sweden. A general reduction in esophageal cancer incidence was found among agricultural and professional workers, whereas excess incidence was found among business, sales, and some craftsmen and production jobs. Elevated incidence was associated with several specific industries, including the food (SIR = 1.3, p < 0.05), beverage and tobacco (SIR = 1.8, p < 0.05) industries, vulcanizing shops within the rubber industry (SIR = 4.7, p < 0.01), and certain automotive building industries. Incidence also was increased among brewery workers (SIR = 4.2, p < 0.01) and butchers (SIR = 2.1, p < 0.01), and among individuals with certain service jobs, particularly waiters in the hotel and restaurant industry (SIR = 3.1, p < 0.01). Some of the occupational associations may be explained by lifestyle factors such as alcohol drinking and smoking, whereas others are specific and tend to support those of earlier investigations. This study adds to the evidence of a small but possibly important role of occupation in esophageal cancer etiology.  相似文献   

14.
Mortality among rubber workers: X. Reclaim workers   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This study evaluated the mortality experience of 1,352 white and 438 nonwhite men who worked in the rubber-reclaiming division of a large rubber manufacturing company. In comparisons of mortality of white reclaim workers with that of nonreclaim workers rate ratios were 2.7 for esophageal cancer (six observed deaths among reclaim workers), 2.1 for bladder cancer (seven observed deaths), and 4.5 for multiple myeloma (six observed deaths). The excess of bladder cancer among white reclaim workers may be associated with their employment in other high-risk areas of the plant, whereas no such explanation was found for the excesses of esophageal cancer and multiple myeloma. Overall, the lung cancer mortality rate of white reclaim workers was similar to the rate of US white males and other white rubber workers. There was a 50% excess of lung cancer deaths among nonwhite reclaim workers compared with other nonwhite rubber workers. However, this observation is based on small numbers, and no firm conclusions can be reached about the risk of lung cancer associated with reclaim operations in this group of rubber workers.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

Self-reported reproductive histories of male employees of a lead-zinc smelter were related to pre-conception measures of lead exposure to examine associations between paternal occupational lead exposure and adverse pregnancy outcome The participants reported 2,021 pregnancies which resulted in 1,684 normal live births, 12 stillbirths, 30, birth defects, 203 spontaneous abortions, and 92 “other” outcomes. Birth defects and stillbirths were combined for the analysis. The risk of a stillbirth or birth defect was elevated for pre-conception employment in a high-lead-exposure compared with a low-lead exposure job (odds ratio = 2.7, 95,% confidence interval = 0.7, 9.6). A similar risk was found for pre-conception blood lead levels of 25–39 μg/dL and ≥40μg/dL when compared With blood lead)level of <25μg/dL(OR = 2.9,95% CI = 0.6, 13.3 and OR = 2.5,95% CI = 0.5,11.6, respecdvely). No association was found between pre-conception lead exposure and spontaneous abortion. A relatively low response rate to the questiollnaire and potentially erroneous reporting of reproductive outcome by male workers are limitations of the study.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

While there are suggestions that the extreme hyperbaric conditions encountered during deep saturation diving may impact male reproductive function, few studies have investigated whether paternal occupational diving influences offspring health outcomes. To examine this, Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research program data were used to identify the offspring of male active duty divers and non-divers in the U.S. military, 2001-2016. Log-binomial regression models estimated associations with infant outcomes (e.g., major structural birth defects, low birthweight). Among 1,148,252 identified singleton infants, 3,843 were considered the offspring of male divers; paternal occupational diving was not positively associated with any adverse infant outcome under study. These findings corroborate existing literature and further suggest that male divers in the U.S. military are not occupationally exposed to reproductive hazards that adversely influence offspring infant health outcomes.  相似文献   

17.
In order to investigate the possible association between cardiovascular malformations and maternal exposure to organic solvents during the first trimester of pregnancy, 569 cases and 1,052 controls were retrospectively studied. The cases represented all infants with diagnosed cardiovascular malformations born in Finland in 1982-1984, and the controls were randomly selected from all normal births in the country during the same period. All mothers were interviewed approximately 3 months after delivery by a midwife using a structured questionnaire. Exposures to organic solvents at work during the first trimester of pregnancy were slightly more prevalent among the mothers of affected infants (10.4%) than among those of controls (7.8%). Logistic regression analysis of exposure to organic solvents showed an adjusted relative odds ratio of 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.2). In the analysis of ventricular septal defect, exposure to organic solvents showed an adjusted relative odds ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.7).  相似文献   

18.
The objective of the present study was to investigate mortality attributable to asthma in different occupations. The mortality from asthma among Swedish workers between 1981 and 1992 was investigated by a linkage between official mortality statistics and the occupational information in the 1980 National Census. For each occupation, a smoking-adjusted standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated. The information about smoking habits was obtained from smoking surveys carried out from 1977 to 1979. Only occupations with more than five cases were considered in the analysis. Significantly increased mortality from asthma was found among male farmers (smoking-adjusted SMR = 146; 95% confidence interval [CI] 105–187) and male professional drivers (smoking-adjusted SMR = 144, 95%CI = 101–209) and female hairdressers (smoking-adjusted SMR = 332, 95%CI = 102–525). The increased mortality among three occupational groups (hairdressers, farmers, and professional drivers) out of 46 groups analyzed may be random occurrences. However, farmers and hairdressers are exposed to agents causing asthma, indicating that the increased mortality may be attributable to occupational exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:678–681, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

19.

Background

Previous studies have reported positive associations between maternal exposure to air pollutants and several adverse birth outcomes. However, there have been no studies assessing the association between environmental levels of hazardous air pollutants, such as benzene, and neural tube defects (NTDs), a common and serious group of congenital malformations.

Objective

Our goal was to conduct a case–control study assessing the association between ambient air levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and the prevalence of NTDs among offspring.

Methods

The Texas Birth Defects Registry provided data on NTD cases (spina bifida and anencephaly) delivered between 1999 and 2004. The control group was a random sample of unaffected live births, frequency matched to cases on year of birth. Census tract–level estimates of annual BTEX levels were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide. Restricted cubic splines were used in mixed-effects logistic regression models to determine associations between each pollutant and NTD phenotype.

Results

Mothers living in census tracts with the highest benzene levels were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida than were women living in census tracts with the lowest levels (odds ratio = 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–4.33). No significant associations were observed between anencephaly and benzene or between any of the NTD phenotypes and toluene, ethylbenzene, or xylene.

Conclusion

In the first study to assess the relationship between environmental levels of BTEX and NTDs, we found an association between benzene and spina bifida. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence regarding air pollutant exposure and adverse birth outcomes.  相似文献   

20.
Occupational hazards and pregnancy outcomes.   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
This study examined the association between exposure to occupational hazards and pregnancy outcomes using data from a case-control study conducted in 29 hospitals in Shanghai, China. The sample included 1,875 perinatal deaths and newborns with birth defects and the same number of controls. Information on mother's exposure to occupational radiation, chemicals, noise, and pesticides was investigated. Logistic regression analysis controlling for potential confounders showed that exposure to radiation before/during pregnancy was associated with antepartum fetal death, birth defects, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and threatened abortion. Exposure to chemicals before/during pregnancy was associated with antepartum fetal death, early neonatal death, birth defects, preterm birth, and threatened abortion. Women exposed to pesticides during pregnancy had an increased risk of SGA and threatened abortion. Exposure to occupational noise during pregnancy increased the risk of antepartum fetal death. Furthermore, higher than expected numbers of congenital anomalies in the central nervous system (CNS) were identified among women exposed to chemicals before pregnancy and to pesticides during the first trimester of pregnancy. No significant association was found between occupational exposure and intrapartum fetal death. Although recall bias may be possible in our study, the findings encourage further research.  相似文献   

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