吡那地尔超极化停搏对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨吡那地尔超极化停搏对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠108只,随机分为6组(n=18),建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,对照组(C组)持续灌注37.C含氧K-H缓冲液120 min不停搏;37℃含氧的K-H缓冲液平衡灌注15 min后,去极化停搏组(D组)灌注37℃St.Thomas停搏液(含K+16 mmol/L)20 ml/kg,超极化停搏组(H组)灌注37℃吡那地尔(50 μmol/L,K+5 mmol/L)超极化停搏液20 ml/kg,线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道阻滞剂5-羟葵酸+超极化停搏组(5-HD+H组)和膜ATP敏感性钾通道阻滞剂 HMR-1098+超极化停搏组(HMR-1098+H组)灌注100 μmol/L 5-HD或HMR-1098,5 min后灌注吡那地尔超极化停搏液20 ml/kg;5-HD+HMR-1098+H组先灌注100 μmol/L5-HD和100 μmol/L HMR-1098混合液,5 min后灌注吡那地尔超极化停搏液20ml/kg.各停搏组心脏常温停搏(缺血)40 min,再用37℃含氧K.H缓冲液再灌注60 min.于缺血前、缺血40 min和再灌注60 min时取心肌组织,测定caspase-3、caspase-9活性,观察细胞凋亡情况.结果 缺血前各组间各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与C组比较,其余各组细胞凋亡指数(AI)、caspase-3、caspase-9活性增加;与D组比较,H组AI、caspase-3、caspase-9活性降低;与H组比较,加阻滞剂的3组AI、caspase-3、caspase-9活性增加;与5-HD+H组、HMR-1098+H组比较,5-HD+HMR-1098+H组 AI、caspase-3、caspase-9 活性增加(P＜0.05).与缺血前比较,在缺血40 min、再灌注60 min时,各组AI、caspase-3、caspase-9 活性增加(P＜0.05).结论 吡那地尔超极化停搏可明显抑制大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌细胞凋亡,产生心肌保护效应,其机制可能与降低caspase-3、caspase-9活性有关.     

吡那地尔超极化停搏对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时p38MAPK表达的影响

目的 评价吡那地尔超极化停搏对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)表达的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠48只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为6组(n=8):自然停搏组(A组)、St.Thomas组(B组)、吡那地尔超极化停搏组(C组)、5-羟葵酸(5-HD)组(D组)、HMR-1098组(E组)和5-HD+HMR-1098组(F组).采用Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,K-H液平衡灌注15 min后,A组阻断主动脉,不予停搏液灌注,使其自然停搏;B组灌注St.Thomas停搏液;C组灌注吡那地尔超极化停搏液;D组、E组和F组K-H液平衡灌注10 min后,分别灌注含5-HD、HMR-1098、5-HD+ HMR-1098的K-H液5min,再灌注吡那地尔超级化停搏液.心脏停跳缺血60 min后,K-H液再灌注30 min.于平衡灌注15 min和再灌注20 min时记录冠脉流量(CF)、心率(HR)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)和左室压力瞬时最大变化率(dp/dtmax);于再灌注30 min时取心肌组织,采用Western blot法测定心肌磷酸化p38MAPK和非磷酸化p38MAPK的表达.结果 与C组相比,A组、B组、D组、E组和F组再灌注20min时CF、HR、LVSP、LVDP及dp/dt/dymax降低,再灌注30 min时磷酸化p38MAPK表达下调,非磷酸化p38MAPK表达上调(P＜0.05);与E组相比,D组和F组再灌注20 min时CF、HR、LVSP、LVDP及dp/dtmax降低,再灌注30 min时磷酸化p38MAPK表达下调,非磷酸化p38MAPK表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 吡那地尔超极化停搏可改善大鼠离体缺血再灌注心脏功能,其机制与上调磷酸化p38MAPK表达,下调非磷酸化p38MAPK表达有关,而这种调控作用与线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道关系更密切.     

吡那地尔超极化停搏对大鼠离体心脏蛋白激酶C及热休克蛋白70的影响

目的探讨吡那地尔超极化停搏对大鼠离体心脏蛋白激酶C（PKC）ε及热休克蛋白70 （HSP70）的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠,成功建立Langendorff离体再灌注模型的32个心脏,随机分为4组（n=8）：自然停搏组（A组）、St.Thomas组（B组）、吡那地尔超极化组（C组）和白屈菜赤碱组（D组）。A组、B组和C组K-H液平衡灌注15min后,A组停止灌注,B组灌注St.Thomas停搏液,C组灌注超极化停搏液;D组K-H液平衡灌注10min后,白屈菜赤碱液灌注5min,再灌注超极化停搏液。记录各组平衡灌注15min和再灌注20min时冠脉流量（CF）、心率（HR）、左室发展压（LVDP）、左室收缩峰压（LVSP）和左室压力瞬时最大变化率（dp/dtmax）;再灌注30min时测定心肌膜性PKCε和HSP70的表达。结果与K-H液平衡灌注15min时相比,再灌注20min时A组、B组和D组CF、HR、LVSP、LVDP及dp/dtmax降低（P〈0.05）;与C组相比,其余各组再灌注20min时CF、HR、LVSP、LVDP及dp/dtmax降低,膜性PKCε和HSP70的表达下调（P〈0.05）。结论吡那地尔超极化停搏通过上调膜性PKCε和HSP70表达,促进大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心功能恢复。     

含吡那地尔的心脏保存液对大鼠离体心脏线粒体呼吸功能的影响

目的 探讨含吡那地尔的心脏保存液(HTK液)对大鼠离体心脏线粒体呼吸功能的影响.方法 健康清洁级SD大鼠120只,建立离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型,随机分为5组,HTK组(Ⅰ组)、吡那地尔+HTK液组(Ⅱ组)、吡那地尔+HTK液+5-羟葵酸(5-HD)组(Ⅲ组)、吡那地尔+HTK液+HMR-1098组(Ⅳ组)、吡那地尔+HTK液+HMR-1098+5-HD组(Ⅴ组).K-H液平衡灌注10 min后灌注心脏停搏液:Ⅰ组灌注HTK液;Ⅱ组灌注含吡那地尔0.5 mmol/L的HTK液;Ⅲ组灌注含吡那地尔0.5 mmol/L和5-HD 100μmol/L的HTK液;Ⅳ组灌注含吡那地尔0.5 mmol/L和HMR-1098 100μmol/L的HTK液;Ⅴ组灌注含吡那地尔0.5 mmol/L、5-HD 100μmol/L和HMR-1098 100 μmol/L的HTK液.停搏后取心脏保存于4℃各组相应液体中8 h,然后用37 ℃含氧K-H液再灌注60 min.于平衡灌注10 min(T1)、保存8 h(T2)、复灌60 min(T3)时测定线粒体呼吸功能[3态呼吸(S3)和4态呼吸(S4)的耗氧速率、呼吸控制率(RCR)及磷氧比(P/O)].于T1和T3时收集冠脉流出液测定心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性.电镜下观察心肌细胞超微结构.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组～Ⅳ组RCR、P/O、S3耗氧速率升高,cTnI、CK-MB和LDH的水平降低(P＜0.05).与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组～Ⅴ组RCR、P/O、S3耗氧速率降低,cTnI、CK-MB和LDH的水平升高(P＜0.05).与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅳ组RCR、P/O、S3耗氧速率升高,cTnI、CK-MB和LDH的水平降低,Ⅴ组RCR、P/O、S3耗氧速率降低,cTnI、CK-MB和LDH的水平升高(P＜0.05).与Ⅳ组比较,V组RCR、P/O、S3耗氧速率降低,cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平升高(P＜0.05).各时点S4耗氧速率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Ⅱ组心肌细胞损伤较轻,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组损伤程度相近但重于Ⅱ组,Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组损伤最重.结论 含吡那地尔的HTK液可改善心脏线粒体呼吸功能,减轻心肌损伤,提高心脏保存效果,线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道和细胞膜ATP敏感性钾通道均参与了吡那地尔的心肌保护效应,且线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道发挥主导作用.     

血液超极化停搏对体外循环缺血心肌保护的研究

目的：评价含ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂吡那地尔的血液停搏液诱导的心脏起极化停搏在常温与低温体外循环下对缺血心肌的保护效果。方法：18只犬随机分为对照组（A组）、常温血液超极化组（B组）、低温血液超极化组（C组）,每组6只。对照组以4℃标准St.Thomas液（K^ 16mmol/L)为心脏停搏液,常温血液超极化组和低温血液超极化组分别以含吡那地尔50μmol/L的37℃St.Thomas液（K^ 5mmol/L,含血比例1：1）和含吡那地尔50μmol/L和4℃St.Thomas液（K^ 5mmol/L,含血比例1：1）为心脏停搏液。体外循环期间,A组和C组温度保持在26℃-28℃,B组温度保持在35℃-37℃。三组体外循环（CPB）期间,均全心缺血60min,恢复灌注30min。对比观察阻断升主动脉前、后心肌腺苷酸（ATP、ADP、AMP、TAN、EC）含量、心肌超微结构、脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）含量以及血液动力学多项参数的变化。结果：对照组在阻断50min和开放30min,心肌各项指标均显示有明显的缺血和再灌注损害;而血液超极化组损害较轻,特别是低温血液超极化组,损害最轻。结论：含吡那地尔的血液停搏液诱导的超极化停搏,其心肌保护效果明显优于传统的高钾去极化停搏;低温血液超极化停搏又优于常温血液超极化停搏。     

缺血预处理对大鼠离体心脏心肌线粒体功能的影响

目的研究缺血预处理（IPC）对大鼠离体心脏心肌线粒体功能的影响。方法SD大鼠72只，随机分为4组（n=18）：对照组（CON组）、缺血再灌注组（IR组）、缺血预处理组（IPC组）和5-羟葵酸（5-HD）拮抗IPC组（5-HD＋IPC组）。采用Langendorff装置建立大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型，IPC组在全心停灌前，给予2次缺血预处理，每次缺血5min，间隔5min；5-HD＋IPC组预处理前灌注5-HD 10min。各组于平衡末、缺血前、再灌注30min各取6个心脏，分离心肌线粒体并测定线粒体呼吸控制率（RCR）、磷氧比（ADP／O2）、NADH氧化酶（NADH-OX）、琥珀酸氧化酶（SUC-OX）、细胞色素C氧化酶（CYTC-OX）的活性。结果与CON组比较，IR组、IPC组和5-HD＋IPC组再灌注30min RCR、ADP／O2、NADH-OX、SUC-OX和CYTC＋OX的活性降低（P〈0．05）；与IR组比较，IPC组和5-HD＋IPC组再灌注30min上述各指标升高（P〈0．05）；与IPC组比较，5-HD＋IPC组再灌注30min上述各指标降低（P〈0．05）。结论缺血预处理可改善大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌线粒体的功能，其机制与mitoKATP的激活有关。     

二氮嗪预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌线粒体通透性转换孔的影响

目的 探讨二氮嗪预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌线粒体通透性转换孔(PTP)的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠72只,体重250～300 g,雌雄不拘,随机分为4组(n=18),建立离体心脏Langendorf再灌注模型,K-H液平衡灌注20 min后,对照组(C组)持续灌注K-H液100 min不停搏;缺血再灌注组(IR组)持续灌注K-H液30 min;二氮嗪预处理组(D组)依次灌注K-H液15 min、二氮嗪50 μmol/L 10 min和K-H液5 min;5-羟葵酸组(5-HD组)依次灌注5-HD 100 μmol/L 10 min、K-H液5min、二氮嗪50 μmol/L 10 min和K-H液5 min.除C组外其余组于平衡后30 min灌注4℃ St.Thomas停搏液,全心停搏40 min,再灌注30 min.各组于平衡末、缺血前即刻及再灌注末随机取6个心脏测定心肌线粒体PTP半开放时间(T1/2)和线粒体膜电位.结果 与平衡末、缺血前即刻相比,各组再灌注末心肌线粒体PTP T1/2缩短,膜电位降低(P《＜0.05或0.01);与C组比较,其余组心肌线粒体PTP T1/2缩短,膜电位降低(P＜0.01);与IR组比较,D组心肌线粒体PTP T1/2延长,膜电位升高(P＜0.01),5-HD组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与D组比较,5-HD组心肌线粒体PTP T1/2缩短,膜电位降低(P＜0.05).结论 二氮嗪50 μmol/L预处理可减少大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注时心肌线粒体PTP开放,减少线粒体膜电位的丢失,维持心肌线粒体膜的完整性.     

含钾通道开放剂的HTK液对大鼠心功能以及线粒体结构和功能的影响

目的 观察含钾通道开放剂的供心保存液对心功能以及能量代谢、线粒体呼吸酶活性及超微结构的影响.方法 将SD大鼠分为HTK组、Pi组、5HD组、1098组和5HD+1098组.切取SD大鼠心脏,建立Langendorff灌注模型,平衡10 min,然后按分组进行如下处理:HTK组心脏以Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate液(HTK液)停搏;Pi组心脏以含0.5 mmol/L吡那地尔(Pi)的HTK液停搏;1098组心脏以含0.5 mmol/L Pi和100 μmol/L HMR1098的HTK液停搏;5HD组心脏以含0.5 mmol/L Pi和100 μmol/L五羟葵酸(5HD)的HTK液停搏;5HD+1098组心脏以含0.5 μmol/L Pi、100 μmol/L 5HD和100μmol/L HMR1098的HTK液停搏.停搏后,将心脏置于各组相应的液体(4℃)中保存8 h,然后用含氧的37℃克-亨液(K-H液)再灌注60 min.观察各组平衡末、保存末、再灌注末时的心功能、线粒体呼吸酶活性、心肌ATP含量及心肌细胞线粒体超微结构的改变.结果 Pi组保存末、再灌注末的心功能(心率、左心室舒张末压、左心室发展压和冠状动脉流量)、心肌线粒体呼吸酶(NADH氧化酶、琥珀酸氧化酶、细胞色素C氧化酶)活性及ATP含量均优于其他各组(P<0.01或P<0.05),同时线粒体的结构改变也最轻.结论 含Pi的HTK液能改善大鼠心脏保存效果;Pi对能量状态的维持以及对线粒体结构与功能的保护可能是其心肌保护的重要机制.     

超极化停搏与高钾停搏对心肌保护效果的比较

目的 比较观察超极化停搏与高钾停搏的心肌保护效果,并评价低温对心脏超极化停搏的影响。方法 １８条犬分为三组,每组６条。低温高钾组、常渐超极化组和低温超极化组,分别以４℃标准Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ液（Ｋ＾＋１６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、含吡那地尔５０μｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的３７℃Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍａｓ液（Ｋ＾＋５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和含吡那地尔５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的４℃Ｓｔ．Ｔｈｏｍｓａ液（Ｋ＾＋５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）为心停搏液。结果 低温     

超极化停搏对家猫体外循环时心肌细胞膜脂区域流动性的影响

目的 探讨超极化停搏对猫体外循环(CPB)时心肌细胞膜脂区域流动性的影响.方法 家猫75只,体重3～4 kg,随机分为3组(n=25),CPB组:CPB建立后不阻断上腔静脉、下腔静脉和主动脉,仅行CPB 150 min;去极化停搏组:主动脉阻断60 min,再灌注60 min,心脏停搏液使用高钾St Thomas液;超极化停搏组:心脏停搏液使用含吡那地尔的低钾St Thomas液,余处理与去极化停搏组相同.应用自旋标记-电子自旋共振技术测定CPB时心肌细胞膜脂区域流动性.结果 与CPB组比较,去极化停搏组主动脉阻断30 min后心肌细胞膜脂S和τc均升高,超极化停搏组主动脉阻断60 min后心肌细胞膜脂S和τc均升高(P＜0.01);与去极化停搏组比较,超极化停搏组主动脉阻断30 min后心肌细胞膜脂S和τc均降低(P＜0.01).结论 与去极化停搏相比,超极化停搏能够更好地维持家猫CPB时心肌细胞膜脂的区域流动性.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.