支撑喉镜下小儿喉乳头状瘤切除术的麻醉探讨

目的探讨支撑喉镜下小儿喉乳头状瘤切除术的麻醉处理方法。方法36例喉乳头状瘤患儿,在支撑喉镜下采用静脉复合麻醉并给予小剂量肌松药连接吸引管高频喷射控制呼吸(HFJV)下行喉乳头状瘤切除术。术中监测动脉血气和ECG,记录患儿在麻醉诱导前、手术开始时、术后15min、术毕及苏醒后5minMAP、HR、SpO2。结果所有患儿术野暴露充分,手术顺利。术中无缺氧和二氧化碳蓄积;MAP、HR、ECG、SpO2、pH、动脉氧分压(PaO2)和动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)稳定;停药后5～10min患儿完全清醒,醒后无复睡、喉头水肿及憋气,苏醒时间为(7.2±3.4)min。支撑喉镜置入时3例患儿HR明显减慢,静脉注射阿托品0.01mg/kg后HR恢复正常;1例患儿在置入支撑喉镜时,MAP与诱导前比较明显升高,观察2～3min后恢复正常。结论静脉复合麻醉加HFJV可安全、有效地应用于支撑喉镜下小儿喉乳头状瘤切除术。     

双腔深静脉导管用于小儿七氟醚吸入麻醉-自主呼吸下喉乳头状瘤切除术气道管理的效果

目的 评价双腔深静脉导管用于小儿自主呼吸下喉乳头状瘤切除术气道管理的效果.方法 择期行支撑喉镜下喉乳头状瘤切除术患儿29例,性别不限,年龄1～9岁,体重10 ～ 35 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.吸入8％七氟醚行麻醉诱导,保留自主呼吸,采用2％利多卡因喷喉行表面麻醉,置入支撑喉镜,经支撑喉镜置入7F双腔深静脉导管至声门下,经端孔吹入4％ ～6％七氟醚维持麻醉,经侧孔检测PETCO2.于术前(T1)、手术20 min时(T2)和术毕(T3)采集动脉血样,行血气分析；记录术中体动、低氧血症(吸氧时SpO2＜95％)、气道管理失败(吸氧时SpO2＜ 90％)的发生情况.结果 与T1比较,T2,3时PaCO2、BE、pH值、PaO2的差异虽然有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但均在临床允许范围内；T1-3时PaCO2与PETCO2比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；术中体动、低氧血症的发生率均为10％,气道管理失败率3％(因Ⅲ度喉梗阻).结论 双腔深静脉导管可安全、有效地用于Ⅰ或Ⅱ度喉阻塞小儿七氟醚吸入麻醉-自主呼吸下喉乳头状瘤切除术的气道管理.     

显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术的麻醉管理

目的 总结显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术的麻醉管理.方法 2007年11月～2013年3月显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗声带良性肿物113例,均行经鼻气管内插管全身麻醉,监测无创血压（BP）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）和呼气末CO2分压（PETCO2）.结果 置入支撑喉镜即刻易出现循环波动,血压及心率较气管插管后升高,其中21例出现一过性窦性心动过缓.置入支撑喉镜后5 min循环渐趋平稳.SpO2和PETCO2正常.均在手术间拔除气管导管,安返病房.结论 术前全面评估患者全身情况及气管插管条件,完善围术期监测,加强术中管理,按需加深麻醉,及时纠正并处理危急情况,可保障显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术顺利进行及患者的安全.     

支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗小儿喉乳头状瘤的麻醉管理

本院2003年5月-2007年5月支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗喉乳头状瘤患儿28例,男性19例,女性9例,年龄lO个月～3.5岁,体重8～15 kg,无喉阻塞患儿17例,喉阻塞Ⅰ度患儿7例,喉阻塞Ⅱ度或Ⅲ度息儿4例.术前对全身和喉部病变情况进行评估,根据不同喉阻塞程度选用不同的麻醉方法,纠正术前呼吸系统感染、脱水、电解质紊乱等合并症后行手术.麻醉诱导:无喉阻塞患儿肌肉注射氯胺酮5mg/kg,入睡后静脉注射咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg、氯胺酮1～2 mg/kg或芬太尼2μ g/kg和琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg后气管插管;喉阻塞Ⅰ度患儿肌肉注射氯胺酮5 mg/kg,保留自主呼吸充分给氧,l%地卡因充分表面麻醉后气管插管;喉阻塞Ⅱ度或Ⅲ度患儿1%地卡因充分表面麻醉后气管插管;所有患儿均在喉镜直视下插入较正常小1号的气管导管,行辅助通气或机械通气.麻醉维持:间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.05-0.1 mg/kg和氯胺酮1～2 mg/kg,静脉输注异丙酚3～5 mg·kg-1·h-1,维持HR 110～150次/min,MAP 70～90 mm Hg.术毕时均静脉注射地塞米松0.2-0.3 mg/kg.待患儿清醒、吸空气维持SpO2≥96%时拔除气管导管.除喉阻塞Ⅰ度患儿中1例麻醉诱导时行紧急气管切开外,其余患儿麻醉诱导平稳,麻醉效果满意,血液动力学稳定,术后自主呼吸恢复平稳,均顺利完成手术.激光治疗中未见气管导管损伤及燃烧等情况发生,术中及术后未见窒息、喉痉挛及支气管痉挛等并发症发生.     

经Frova手控喷射通气在小儿声门下乳头状瘤切除术中的应用

目的比较经Frova插管导入器(简称Frova)行手控喷射通气和传统间断气管插管通气在内窥镜吸割器切除患儿声门下乳头状瘤术中的应用效果。方法 40例需行内窥镜吸割器切除声门下乳头状瘤的患儿,年龄4~12岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机数字表法分为两组,每组20例。I组在声门下乳头状瘤切除时段内采用传统的间断气管插管通气;F组在相同时段内采用Frova(8.0Fr/35cm)行手控喷射通气。手术结束两组均插入合适的气管导管控制通气直至苏醒。记录手术结束即刻患儿血流动力学和呼吸指标,记录外科医师对术野和操作便利的满意度评分、声门下乳头状瘤切除的持续时间、总的麻醉时间、苏醒时间及不良反应。结果在手术结束即刻I组的PETCO2明显高于F组(P0.01),SpO2明显低于F组(P0.01);苏醒时间I组明显长于F组(P0.01);外科医师对视野和操作便利的满意度F组优于I组(P0.05);两组患儿无明显气道不良反应。结论使用Frova进行手控喷射通气在内窥镜吸割器切除4~12岁小儿声门下乳头状瘤时不但能保障氧供、防止CO2蓄积,而且能提供较好的手术视野,是一种良好的通气管理方式。     

鼻内窥镜切除小儿喉乳头状瘤的麻醉方法和体会

小儿喉乳头状瘤是小儿喉部常见的良性肿瘤,多数与人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染有关。病变好发于声带、会厌、室带等部位。目前治疗以手术为主[1]。支撑喉镜下鼻内窥镜手术要求使用小口径气管导管插管以便最大限度地暴露喉部及声门下部分气管术野,以利于进行精确的手术操作,同时要     

鼻咽通气道复合面罩通气与喉罩通气在短小日间手术中的应用比较

目的 比较鼻咽通气道复合面罩通气与喉罩通气下静吸复合全麻在短小日间手术中的应用效果.方法 选择估计1h内的日间手术患者90例,随机均分为鼻咽通气道复合面罩组(面罩组)和喉罩组.记录诱导前(T0)、插入鼻咽通气道或喉罩前1 min(T1)、插入鼻咽通气道或喉罩即刻(T2)、切皮时(T3)、拔出鼻咽通气道或喉罩前1 min(T4)、拔出鼻咽通气道或喉罩即刻(T5) MAP、HR、PET CO2、SpO2、RR和VT;记录插入喉罩或鼻咽通气道的时间和一次成功率;记录清醒时间和离院时间,从麻醉开始至拔出鼻咽通气道或喉罩时出现体动、呼吸道梗阻、反流误吸以及术后出现咽痛、吞咽困难和声音嘶哑的患者例数.结果 两组患者诱导后均能较好的保留自主呼吸,维持稳定的RR、VT和PETCO2,T2、T5时喉罩组MAP明显高于、HR明显快于面罩组(P＜0.05),插入鼻咽通气道时间明显短于插入喉罩的时间(P＜0.05),一次性插入鼻咽通气道的成功率高于一次性插入喉罩的成功率(P＜0.05),术中和术后不良反应喉罩组高于面罩组(P＜0.05).结论 鼻咽通气道复合面罩通气下静吸复合全麻用于短小日间手术能够维持循环和呼吸的稳定,苏醒迅速,在日间手术中是一种安全有效的麻醉方法.     

口咽通气道联合面罩机械通气在患儿日间手术中的应用

目的探讨口咽通气道联合面罩通气在患儿日间手术中应用的有效性和安全性。方法100例日间手术患儿,年龄6~12岁,随机分为两组,分别采用口咽通气道联合面罩通气(M组)和喉罩通气(L组)。静脉输注瑞芬太尼及丙泊酚诱导,术中静脉持续输注瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚维持麻醉。术中维持通气RR 16~20次/分,调节VT,维持PETCO235~40mm Hg。记录诱导前(T1)、置入口咽通气道或喉罩时(T2)、手术开始时(T3)、麻醉用药减半时(T4)、停麻醉用药时(T5)、手术结束时(T6)、拔出口咽通气道或喉罩时(T7)的HR、MAP、SpO2、PETCO2、VT、BIS值及Ppeak。记录置入口咽通气道或喉罩一次成功率,停药至拔出口咽通气道或喉罩时间,自主呼吸恢复良好时间,患儿清醒时间,患儿术后不良反应发生情况。结果两组患儿全部成功完成手术。一次性插入的成功率M组明显高于L组(P0.05)。L组术中2例通气不佳,M组无通气不佳患儿。术后患儿有咽部不适感L组11例,M组2例。两组患儿术中HR、MAP、SpO2、PETCO2、VT、BIS值及Ppeak差异无统计学意义。两组PETCO2波形与正常波形比较无变化。术后不良反应及并发症L组明显高于M组(P0.05)。结论口咽通气道联合面罩下通气应用于患儿日间手术是安全有效的。     

支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗声门下息肉的麻醉管理

目的 探讨非气管插管高频喷射通气（High-Frequency Jet Ventilation,HFJV）全凭静脉麻醉方法应用于声门下息肉激光切除的可行性。方法42例ASAⅠ级～Ⅱ级声门下息肉手术患者,采用瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉。在置入支撑喉镜前气管插管,机械控制通气,置入支撑喉镜即刻拔除气管插管,应用内径2．5mm,外径3．0mm的金属导管于声门下5cm处HFJV。术中持续监测并记录诱导前、气管插管机械控制通气后5min、置入支撑喉镜即刻、HFJV后1min、HFJV后5min、HFJV后10min、HFJV后15min的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心电图（ECG）和脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）;在置入支撑喉镜拔除气管插管即刻和HFJV后15min采集足背动脉血进行血气分析。记录术毕患者苏醒情况、麻醉时间和手术时间。结果麻醉时间（30．1±3．8）min,手术时间（7．9±2．6）min,术中各时间点HR、MAP与支撑喉镜置入即刻相比差异有统计学意义（R＜0．01）,但与诱导前相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;术中所有患者保持SpO2≥99％;HFJV后15minPaCO2较拔除气管插管即刻升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,但均低于70mmHg。结论非气管插管HFJV全凭静脉麻醉可安全用于声门下息肉激光切除。     

加强型喉罩用于小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术的效果及安全性

目的探讨加强型喉罩用于小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术的效果及安全性。方法选择择期行扁桃体腺样体切除术的住院患儿60例,年龄4~12岁。采用随机数字表法均分为喉罩组(L组)和气管插管组(T组)。观察并记录诱导前5min(T0)、插入喉罩或气管插管时(T1)、置开口器时(T2)、手术开始时(T3)及拔除喉罩或气管插管前(T4)的HR、MAP、SpO2;记录T1~T4时的VT、PETCO2及T1~T3时的气道峰压(Ppeak);记录喉罩或气管插管首次插入成功率和总成功率、手术时间、苏醒时间、丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量,并记录术中及术后呛咳、喉痉挛、反流误吸及苏醒期躁动等不良反应的发生情况。结果 L组患儿苏醒时间明显短于T组(P0.05);与T组比较,T1、T2、T4时L组HR明显减慢,T1时L组MAP明显降低(P0.05或P0.01);与T0时比较,T1、T2、T4时T组HR明显增快(P0.05);而两组SpO2、VT、PETCO2、Ppeak比较差异均无统计学意义;与T组比较,L组术后呛咳、苏醒期躁动发生率明显降低(P0.01或P0.05),而两组喉罩或气管插管首次成功率和总成功率、丙泊酚用量、瑞芬太尼用量、喉痉挛及反流误吸的发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论加强型喉罩用于小儿扁桃体腺样体切除术中,可保持气道通畅,获得良好的通气效果,血流动力学平稳,苏醒时间短,不良反应少。因此其用于该类手术中安全有效,值得在临床上推广应用。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。