异丙酚靶控输注时成人与小儿BIS的比较

目的探讨脑电双频谱指数（BIS）监测小儿麻醉深度的准确性,比较异丙酚靶控输注（TCI）麻醉中小儿与成人BIS的差异。方法择期手术病人68例,分为年幼组（A组,3～5岁,n= 20）、年长组（B组,6～12岁,n=20）和成年组（C组,18～55岁,n=28）,采用异丙酚TCI,初始血浆靶浓度3μg/ml,每30秒增加0.3μg/ml,意识消失（LOC）、意识恢复（ROC）时记录异丙酚的血浆靶浓度（Cp）、效应室浓度（Ce）及BIS。Ce=Cp达到2、3、4、5、6μg/ml时记录BIS。结果3组病人的BIS随着异丙酚Cp的增加而明显下降（P〈0.01）;A组和B组BIS与Cp的相关性高于C组（P〈0.01）;在相同的Cp和Ce下A组和B组的BIS均明显高于C组,A组高于B组（P〈0.01）;A组、B组和C组BIS≤40时的异丙酚Ce分别平均为6、5、3μg/ml;A组LOC和ROC时的BIS明显高于C组（P〈0.01）;C组LOC时的异丙酚Ce明显低于A组（P〈0.01）。结论在相同的异丙酚Cp和Ce下,小儿与成人BIS差别较大,年龄越小,BIS越高;在意识消失和意识恢复时,年幼小儿的BIS明显高于成人。     

麻醉深度指数与脑电双频谱指数测定靶控输注异丙酚患者镇静时镇静深度的比较

目的对异丙酚靶控输注(TCI)镇静的患者,比较麻醉深度指数(CSI)与脑电双频谱指数(BIS)在无手术刺激条件下监测镇静深度的准确性。方法 ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级患者20例,手术种类不限,诱导插管前以异丙酚TCI镇静,靶浓度从0．5 μg/ml开始,输注5 min后递增,递增梯度为0．5 μg/ml, 直至改良清醒镇静评分(OAA/S)为0分后5 min停止,试验中监测并记录患者CSI及BIS,每间隔20 s 行改良OAA/S评分,记录TCI系统预测效应部位浓度值每变化0．1 μg/ml时的数值及时间。计算CSI 及BIS预测不同改良OAA/S评分的预测概率(Pk)。结果 CSI及BIS与改良OAA/S评分均有较好的相关性,患者在不同改良OAA/S评分时的镇静深度均表现出较高的Pk值(Pk>0．9),且二者比较差异无统计学意义。语言反应消失时的BIS05与CSI05、BIS50与CSI50、BIS95与CSI95分别为79．2与74．9、69．2 与65．9、59．2与56．8。意识消失时的BIS05与CSI05、BIS50与CSI50、BIS95与CSI95分别为73．6与65．2、57．1 与54．8、40．6与44．3。结论异丙酚TCI镇静时CSI同BIS一样能够较好的反映患者的镇静深度变化,CSI监测用于观察患者语言反应消失和意识消失的能力优于BIS监测。     

靶控输注异丙酚时脑电双频谱指数与皮肤电传导监测患者镇静深度准确性的比较

目的 比较靶控输注异丙酚时脑电双频谱指数(BIS)与皮肤电传导(SC)监测患者镇静深度的准确性.方法 拟在硬膜外麻醉下行下肢手术的患者30例,年龄21～56岁,体重52～85 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度0.8 μg/ml,待血浆靶浓度与效应室浓度平衡后.以0.5～0.8 μg/ml血浆靶浓度递增,直至警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S评分)为1分时停止给药,靶控输注异丙酚前记录BIS和SC,作为基础值,异丙酚靶控输注期间记录OAA/S评分、BIS和SC,计算SC变化值(△SC).OAM/S评分与BIS和△SC行Spearman等级相关分析,绘制BIS和△SC判断OAA/S评分及意识消失的受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC,分别为AUCBIS和AUC△SC);逻辑回归分析计算BIS和△SC正确判断意识消失的概率.结果 随OAA/S评分的升高,BIS值逐渐升高(P＜0.01),OAA/S评分1分与2分时△SC比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),OAA/S评分3～5分时△SC低于OAA/S评分1分或2分,OAA/S评分3～5分时△SC逐渐降低(P＜0.01),OAA/S评分与BIS呈正相关(r=0.920,P＜0.01),与△SC呈负相关(r=-0.859,P＜0.01);与AUCBIS比较,OAA/S评分5→4分、4→3分时AUC△SC升高,OAA/S评分3→2分、2→1分和意识消失时降低AUC△SC(P＜0.05);BIS与ASC正确判断意识消失的概率分别为93%和82%.结论 靶控输注异丙酚时,患者意识消失前SC监测镇静深度的准确性高于BIS,意识消失后低于BIS;BIS判断患者意识消失的准确性高于SC.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the accuracy of BIS and skin conductance (SC) for assessment of the depth of sedation induced by target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ orⅡpatients aged 21-56 yr weighing 52-85 kg undergoing orthopedic operation on the lower limb under epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study.After the onset of epidural anesthesia, TCI of propofol was started at an initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of 0.8 μg/ml. Th Cp was increased by 0.5-0.8 μg/ml every 3 min until OAA/S score=1. OAA/S score, BIS and SC values were recorded, SC change value (△SC) was calculated. Spearman rank-order correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve "AUC" was calculated) and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship of OAA/S score to BIS and △SC.Results BIS and △SC were significantly correlated with OAA/S scores (r were 0.920 and-0.859 respectively). The AUC of △SC (0.919, 0.946) was significantly better correlated with OAA/S score (5→4, 4→3) than that of BIS (0.761, 0.507), while BIS was better correlated (0.781, 0.959) with OAA/S score (3→2, 2→1) than ASC (0.577, 0.630). Logistic regression correctly predicted loss of consciousness. The accuracy of prediction was 93% for BIS and 82% for △SC. Conclusion The accuracy of SC for assessment of the depth of sedation induced by propofol TCI ishigher than that of BIS before loss of consciousness,while lower than that of BIS after loss of consciousness. BIS is more accurate in monitoring the loss of consciousness.     

复合异丙酚时不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 探讨复合异丙酚时不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期拟行额颞部开颅手术患者15例,年龄18～64岁,体重50～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.先靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度为3μg/ml,效应室浓度达预设浓度后靶控输注瑞芬太尼,效应室靶浓度分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8 ng/ml,效应室浓度依次达预设浓度时记录血压(BP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS.瑞芬太尼效应室浓度达5 ng/ml时行气管插管和机械通气,于气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻记录BP、MAP、HR和BIS.结果 与基础值比较,异丙酚效应室浓度3μG/ml 和瑞芬太尼不同效应室浓度时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01);与异丙酚效应室浓度3μg/ml时比较,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 nG/Ml时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 ng/ml时可降低神经外科手术患者的BIS.     

急性高容量血液稀释对患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时EC50的影响

目的 探讨急性高容量血液稀释(AHHD)对患者靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚意识消失时EC50的影响.方法 择期行脊柱手术或全髋置换术患者60例,年龄18～64岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为4组(n=15):异丙酚血浆靶浓度输注组(Tp组)、异丙酚效应室靶浓度输注组(Te组)、AHHD+Tp组和AHHD+Te组.入室后经30 min外周静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液0.7 nl·kg-1·h-1,AHHD+Tp组和AHHD+Te组同时经颈内静脉输注4%琥珀酰明胶15 ml/kg行AHHD.AHHD结束后TCI异丙酚,初始靶浓度为1.2μg/ml,到达该浓度30 S后,采用警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)评价患者的意识状态,然后以0.3 μg/ml的浓度梯度增加靶浓度,直至患者意识消失(OAA/S=0分),记录此时异丙酚的血浆靶浓度和效应室靶浓度.采用概率单位法计算异丙酚意识消失时的EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 Tp组、Te组、AHHD+Tp组和AHHD+Te组意识消失时异丙酚的EC50及其95%CI分别为3.74(3.46～4.16)、2.32(2.17～2.42)、4.12(3.81～4.32)、2.38(2.14～2.56)μg/ml.与Tp组比较,AHHD+Tp组意识消失时异丙酚的EC50升高(P<0.05);与Te组相比,AHHD+Te组意识消失时异丙酚的EC50差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 AHHD可升高患者TCI异丙酚意识消失时血浆靶浓度的EC50,对效应室靶浓度的EC50无影响.     

右美托咪啶对靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时BIS值的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时脑电双频谱指数(BIS)值的影响.方法 择期行普外科手术患者120例,性别不限,年龄25～50岁,体重41～68 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=40):异丙酚组(P组)、右美托咪啶0.5μg/kg+异丙酚(D1P组)和右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg+异丙酚(D2P组).每组再分为5个亚组(n=8):异丙酚效应室靶控浓度0、1、2、3和4 mg/L组(P0～4组).P0～4组靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度分别为0、1、2、3和4 mg/L;D1 P0～4组静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5 μg/kg,输注速率0.05μg·kg-1·min-1,输注结束后5min时靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度分别为0、1、2、3和4 mg/L;D2 P0～4组静脉输注右美托咪啶1.0μg/kg,输注速率0.1 μg· kg-1 ·min-1,输注结束后5min时靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度分别为0、1、2、3和4mg/L.异丙酚靶控输注3 min时记录OAA/S评分和BIS值,OAA/S评分≤2分判定为意识消失.采用Probit法计算半数患者意识消失时异丙酚的效应室靶浓度(EC50)和半数患者意识消失时的BIS值(BIS50)及其95％可信区间,采用Smith法计算BIS值对意识消失的预测概率.结果 与P组比较,D1P组和D2P组EC50降低,BIS50升高(P＜0.05或0.01),预测概率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);D1P组和D2P组EC50、BIS50和预测概率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶复合靶控输注异丙酚时BIS 值可准确预测患者的意识水平,而意识消失时的BIS值增加.     

不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 评价不同靶浓度舒芬太尼对异丙酚全麻患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期全麻手术患者50例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～57岁,随机分为5组(n=10),舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)分别设定为0.07、0.10、0.14、0.20、0.28 ng/ml.持续监测BIS、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼气末二氧化碳分压和心电图.麻醉诱导:异丙酚起始血浆靶浓度(Cp)3.0μg/ml,若Ce与Cp平衡后5 min意识仍未消失,以0.3 μg/ml浓度梯度递增,持续靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚Cp和Ce,并维持该浓度,随后按预设不同Ce TCI舒芬太尼,每分钟记录BIS、HR,收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和MAP.待舒芬太尼Ce与Cp平衡时,静脉注射琥珀酰胆碱1.5mg/kg,行气管插管.结果 各组意识消失时异丙酚Cp、Ce及BIS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TCI舒芬太尼后,BIS逐渐降低,当舒芬太尼Cp和Ce平衡时,BIS明显低于TCI舒芬太尼前水平(P<0.05);BIS与舒芬太尼Ce呈负相关(r=-0.419,P<0.05).结论 靶控输注舒芬太尼可进一步降低异丙酚全麻患者的BIS.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

目的 探讨新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟行乳腺癌切除术患者90例,女性,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄30～60岁,体重指数<30kg/m2,根据术前是否接受新辅助化疗及其化疗方案分为3组(n=30),未化疗组(Ⅰ组)术前不使用任何化疗药物;紫杉醇化疗组(Ⅱ组)及环磷酰胺+阿霉素+5-氟尿嘧啶联合化疗组(Ⅲ组)均进行4个疗程化疗,并于第4个疗程结束后10～15d时行乳腺癌切除术.麻醉诱导:靶控输注异丙酚,按序贯法确定异丙酚的效应室靶浓度,第1例患者异丙酚效应室靶浓度为2.07μg/ml,各相邻靶浓度之比为1.09.以睫毛反射消失及对言语指令无反应作为判断意识消失的标志.若患者意识消失,则持续靶控输注该浓度异丙酚,并静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管;若患者意识未消失,则停止靶控输注,静脉注射异丙酚2mg/kg、芬太尼3μg/kg及罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管.计算靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组及Ⅲ组患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.均降低(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 新辅助化疗可降低乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时的EC50.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on EC50 of propofol given by TCI which produces loss of consciousness (LOC) in breast cancer patients.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast cancer patients aged 30-60 yr scheduled for elective surgery were allocated into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy the patients received (n=30 each):group Ⅰ control (group C) received no chemotherapy;group Ⅱ taxol and group Ⅲ adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu.The patients were unpremedicated.The EC50 of propofol given by TCI was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol was 2.07μg/ml and the ratio between the 2 successive Ce was 1.09.Loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation was used as sighs of LOC.The EC50 of propofol was calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol causing LOC was significantly lower in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group.There was no significant difference in the EC50 of propofol which produces LOC between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol causing LOC in breast cancerpatients is decreased by adjuvant chemotherapy.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌患者靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on EC50 of propofol given by TCI which produces loss of consciousness (LOC) in breast cancer patients.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast cancer patients aged 30-60 yr scheduled for elective surgery were allocated into 3 groups according to the chemotherapy the patients received (n=30 each):group Ⅰ control (group C) received no chemotherapy;group Ⅱ taxol and group Ⅲ adriamycine+cyclophosphamide+5-Fu.The patients were unpremedicated.The EC50 of propofol given by TCI was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial effect-site concentration (Ce) of propofol was 2.07μg/ml and the ratio between the 2 successive Ce was 1.09.Loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation was used as sighs of LOC.The EC50 of propofol was calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol causing LOC was significantly lower in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ than in control group.There was no significant difference in the EC50 of propofol which produces LOC between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol causing LOC in breast cancerpatients is decreased by adjuvant chemotherapy.     

不同剂量右美托咪定对靶控输注异丙酚病人意识消失半数有效血浆靶浓度的影响

目的 评价不同剂量右美托咪定对靶控输注异丙酚病人意识消失半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC5o)的影响.方法 择期全麻病人80例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,体重指数≤25 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为4组(n=20):对照组(C组)和不同剂量右美托咪定组(D1～3组).D1～3组分别静脉输注右美托咪定0.4、0.5和0.6 μg/kg,输注时间10 min,C组输注等容量生理盐水.随后靶控输注异丙酚,采用序贯法进行试验,异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度2.0 μg/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.意识消失的标准为睫毛反射消失、两次呼之不应.计算异丙酚使病人意识消失的EC50及其95％可信区间(95％CI).观察心动过缓、低血压和呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况.结果 C组和D1～3组异丙酚使病人意识消失的EC50及其95％ CI分别为2.59(2.51 ～ 2.67)、2.09(2.02 ～ 2.16)、1.82(1.70 ～1.95)和1.60 (1.49～ 1.72) μg/ml.C组、D1～3组异丙酚使病人意识消失的EC50依次降低(P＜0.05).与C组比较,D1～3组心动过缓和低血压发生率降低(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2,3组心动过缓发生率和D3组低血压发生率升高(P＜0.05);D2组和D3组心动过缓和低血压发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).各组无一例病人发生呼吸抑制.结论 靶控输注异丙酚时复合静脉输注右美托咪定0.4 μg/kg为适宜剂量,既可降低靶控输注异丙酚病人意识消失的EC50,又不发生不良反应.     

七氟烷最低肺泡有效浓度和异丙酚意识消失半数有效浓度麻醉下患者BIS值的比较

目的 比较七氟烷最低肺泡有效浓度(MAC)和异丙酚意识消失半数有效浓度(EC50)麻醉下患者的脑电双频谱指数(BIS)值.方法 择期手术患者60例,年龄18～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,体重为标准体重的80％～120％.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为七氟烷吸入麻醉组(Sev组)和异丙酚静脉麻醉组(Pro组),每组30例.Sev组采用Datex-Ohmeda麻醉机气体监测仪监测呼气末七氟烷浓度.静脉注射依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg、罗库溴铵1 mg/kg、瑞芬太尼0.2μg/kg诱导气管插管后行机械通气,12.5 min后Pro组TC1异丙酚,设置血浆靶浓度3.8 μg/ml,当效应室浓度达到异丙酚意识消失EC50 (2.2 μg/ml)、1.3 EC50(2.86μg/ml)、1.5 EC50(3.3μg/ml),呼气七氟烷浓度达到1.0 MAC、1.3 MAC、1.5 MAC时记录BIS值、MAP和HR.结果 与Sev组比较,Pro组1.3 MAC或1.3 EC50和1.5 MAC或1.5 EC50时HR升高(P＜0.05),各时点MAP差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与1.0 MAC或EC50时比较,2组1.3 MAC或1.3 EC50和1.5 MAC或1.5 EC50时BIS值降低(P＜0.05).组间比较各时点BIS值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 七氟烷1.0、1.3、1.5 MAC和异丙酚1.0、1.3、1.5 EC50麻醉下BIS值无差别.     

异丙酚靶控输注时瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆浓度

目的测定异丙酚靶控输注时瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆浓度。方法择期手术病人20例,瑞芬太尼靶控输注2 min后,输注血浆靶浓度为3 mg·L-1的异丙酚,病人意识消失后给予罗库溴铵行气管插管。瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度按序贯法确定,相邻血浆靶浓度之间比率为 1．2。结果瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆浓度为2．6μg·L-1,95％可信区间为2．4- 2．8μg·L-1。结论在复合靶控输注3 mg·L-1异丙酚时,瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆靶控浓度为2．6μg·L-1。     

异丙酚效应室靶控输注与血浆靶控输注的比较

目的 观察人工流产手术使用效应室靶控输注异丙酚时的药效学变化,并与血浆靶控输注比较。方法 50例患者随机分成效应室靶控(E)和血浆靶控(B)两组,给予芬太尼1μg·kg~(-1)后分别以4μg·ml~(-1)(E组)和6μg·ml~(-1)(B组)的靶浓度输注异丙酚,观察起效时间、恢复时间、脑电频谱(BIS)值以及心率(HR)、血压(BP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2)。结果 E组起效时间及恢复时间均显著短于B组(P<0.01),而BIS值差异无显著性(P>0.05),同时E组的SpO_2显著低于B组(P<0.05)。结论 效应室靶控和血浆靶控同样适用于人工流产手术,并且起效快、恢复快,但同时应注意其呼吸抑制作用。     

舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制前列腺电切术老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 拟行TURP的患者22例,年龄65～79岁,体重47～81 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,异丙酚达到靶浓度后开始TCI舒芬太尼;采用序贯法,按照患者是否发生尿道镜置入反应确定舒芬太尼的效应室靶浓度,初始效应室靶浓度为0.3 ng/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.计算舒芬太尼的EC50及其95%可信区间.结果 舒芬太尼抑制尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.12～0.44 ng/ml.结论 复合TCI异丙酚(血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml)时,舒芬太尼抑制TURP老年患者尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration (EC50 ) of sufentanil inhibiting the urethroscope insertion response when combined with propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in the elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) . Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients, aged 65 -79 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing TURP, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was performed with TCI of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was 4 μg/ml. The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The initial target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was 0.3 ng/ml and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. The ECW and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil required to inhibit the response to urethroscope insertion were calculated. Results The EC50 of sufentanil required to inhibit the urethroscope insertion response was 0.23 ng/ml (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.44 ng/ml). Conclusion When combined with propofol by TCI (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml), the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting the response to urethroscope insertion is 0,23 ng/ml in the elderly patients undergoing TURP.     

Relationship between bispectral index,auditory evoked potential index and effect-site EC50 for propofol at two clinical end-points

Background. Many anaesthetists are deterred from using totali.v. anaesthesia because of uncertainty over the concentrationof propofol required to prevent awareness. We predicted bloodand effect-site concentrations of propofol at two clinical end-points:loss of consciousness and no response to a painful stimulus. Methods. Forty unpremedicated Caucasian patients were anaesthetizedwith i.v. propofol delivered by a Diprifusor target-controlledinfusion (TCI). Bispectral index (BIS) and auditory evoked potentialindex (AEPex) were measured and blood and effect-site propofolconcentrations were predicted. Logistic regression was usedto estimate population values for predicted blood and effect-sitepropofol concentrations at the clinical end-points and to correlatethese with BIS and AEPex. Results. The effect-site EC₅₀ at loss of consciousness was 2.8 µm ml^–1with an EC₀₅ and an EC₉₅ of 1.5 and 4.1 µm ml^–1,respectively. The predicted EC₅₀ when there was no responseto a tetanic stimulus was 5.2 µm ml^–1 withan EC₀₅ and an EC₉₅ of 3.1 and 7.2 µm ml^–1,respectively. Conclusions. Unconsciousness and lack of response to a painfulstimulus occur within a defined range of effect-site concentrations,predicted by Diprifusor TCI software. Br J Anaesth 2003; 90: 127–31     

靶控输注国产与进口异丙酚药效学的比较

目的 比较靶控输注国产与进口异丙酚的药效学.方法 采用随机、双盲、交叉试验设计.择期拟行肌袢代瓣术的双下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者18例,年龄45～55岁,体重指数18.5～22.9 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,患者随机进人流程Ⅰ或流程Ⅱ,一期手术麻醉诱导时应用进口异丙酚,二期手术应用国产异丙酚为流程Ⅰ,反之为流程Ⅱ.异丙酚血浆靶浓度从0.5μg/ml开始,血浆浓度和效应室浓度平衡后,以0.5μg/ml递增,直至效应室浓度达3.5μg/ml,静脉注射瑞芬太尼2μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg诱导气管插管后行机械通气.记录效应室浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0和3.5μg/ml时BIS值、呼吸频率、SpO2和血液动力学指标,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚用量和效应室浓度,采用概率单位法计算5%、50%及95%患者意识消失时的效应室浓度和BIS值,观察不良反应的发生情况.结果 相同效应室浓度国产和进口异丙酚靶控输注时,患者BIS值、呼吸频率、SpO2和血液动力学各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);5%、50%及95%患者意识消失时国产和进口异丙酚的BIS值和效应室浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);国产和进口异丙酚的药物用量及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 国产异丙酚与进口异丙酚具有临床生物等效性.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical pharmacodynamics of domestic and imported propofol by target-controlled infusion. Methods This was a prospective,randomized,double-blind,cross-over study. Eighteen ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 45-55 yr undergoing substitute valve operation for severe deep venous were randomly divided into sequential Ⅰ and Ⅱ , in sequence Ⅰ , the imported propofol was applied in the first stage of surgery and then domestic propofol in the second stage surgery, while in sequence Ⅱ the order was reversed. The target plasma concentration of propofol was initially set at 0.5 μg/ml, followed by increments of 0.5 μg/ml when the effect-site concentration and plasma concentrations was balanced, until the predicted effect-site concentrations reached 3.5 μg/ml. BIS value, RR, SpO2 and hemodynamics were recorded at 0,0.5, 1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 and 3.5 μg/ml effect-site concentration level, the predicted effect-site concentrations and the BIS value at loss of consciousness in 5%, 50% and 95% of the patients were calculated. Adverse reactions were recorded during the trial period.Results Under the same effect-site concentration,there was no significant difference in BIS value,RR, SpO2 and hemodynamic monitoring indicators between the two drugs( P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference in predicted effect-site concentrations of propofol, the BIS value at loss of consciousness in 5%, 50% and 95% of the patients and the incidence of adverse reaction between the two drugs ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The domestic propofol and imported propofol have clinical bioequivalence.