118例高血压患者不同时期自主神经功能评价

目的 探讨高血压病不同时期的自主神经功能损害程度。方法 原发性高血压（EH）患118例,按WHO高血压分期标准。对照组80例,均记录24h动态心电图（DCG）,进行心率变异（HRV）时域和频域分析。结果 ①EH组时域和频域指标均显低于对照组（P＜0．001）。②高血压Ⅲ期组SDNN、SDANN、HF明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压组（P＜0．05）,其它指标也有所下降。结论 EH HRV降低,心血管自主神经功能损害且与靶器官损害程度呈正相关。     

原发性高血压者夜间血压下降率与心率变异性的关系

目的 通过86例原发性高血压病(EH)患动态血压监测及心率变异性(RHV)分析，探讨EH患血压变化与心率变异性的关系及EH患植物神经功能状态的改变情况。方法 对受检进行昼夜24h动态血压(ABPM)及动态心电图(DCG)监测，根据ABPM监测结果将EH患分为勺型组和非勺型组，从DCG监测结果中检出夜间(23：00-06：00)心率及心率变异(HRV)进行分析处理。结果 86例EH患夜间血压下降率及HRV均低于正常对照组(P均＜0．01)；EH高度危险组夜间心率高于低、中度危险组，前夜间血压下降率及HRV均低于后(P均＜0．01)，低、中度危险组HRV与正常对照组比较也有统计学意义(P＜0．05)；38例非勺型组夜间血压下降率、HRV比48例勺型组及正常对照组明显减少(P＜0．01)，勺型组夜间血压下降率与正常对照组比较无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论 高血压夜间血压下降率减少及/靶器官的损害对HRV降低的影响有叠加作用；EH病患的夜间自主神经活动状态，主要表现在自主神经的受损，自主神经功能对夜间血压下降率起着一定作用，调整原发性高血压患的自主神经功能，可能更有利于控制血压，减少靶器官的损害。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压

目的 研究睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（SAS）对24h血压的影响。方法 同步进行24h动态血压和多导睡眠检查,选择未用药或停服血管活性药2周患56例,按呼吸紊乱指数（AHI）分为正常、轻度SAS和中重度SAS三组,比较AHI与24h血压参数的关系。结果 多元回归显示,AHI与白天收缩压、舒张压（P＜0．05,P＜0．001）、夜间收缩压、舒张压（P＜0．001,P＜0．001）及夜间血压下降百分数显相关（P＜0．001,P＜0．05）。协方差分析结果显示,AHI增加,白天血压升高,与正常组和轻度SAS组相比,中重度SAS组夜间血压下降百分数减少（P＜0．05）。结论 SAS可能是高血压病的危险因素之一,并独立于年龄和体重。在中、重度SAS患中,出现血压生理节律的改变,这些改变与SAS患心脑血管发病率和死亡率增加有关。     

老年无症状性心肌缺血患者心率变异性的研究

目的：探讨老年人无症状性心肌缺血（SMI）时自主神经功能的变化。方法：所有研究对象（SMI组73例,正常对照组32例）均进行24小时动态心电图监测,时间均＞23小时,测定心率变异性（HRV）的时域分析指标：SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50。结果：SMI时HRV指标较对照组明显降低（P分别＜0．001、0．001、0．05和0．001）,差异显,同时SMI组患在体重指数、收缩压、左室重量指数、空腹血糖等方面较对照组有显性差异（P分别＜0．001,＜0．001,＜0．001,＜0．05）。结论：SMI患有明显的自主神经功能异常,其原因与肥胖、高血压、左室肥厚、糖尿病有关。     

肝硬化患者的心率减速力与心率变异性分析

目的：探讨肝硬化患者的自主神经功能改变。方法对肝硬化组90例和正常对照组78例患者进行心率变异性（HRV）时域分析和心率减速力（DC）分析。结果肝硬化组与正常对照组比较,SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、pNN50显著降低（P ＜0．01）,DC 值明显降低（P ＜0．05）。对于不同 Child-pugh 分级的肝硬化患者,肝硬化病变程度越重,HRV 各项指标值和 DC 值降低越明显。结论不同分级肝功能损害的病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者均可发生自主神经功能异常。     

2型糖尿病合并心血管疾病患者心率变异性分析

目的：研究糖尿病合并心血管疾病对心率变异性（HRV）的影响。方法：对44例糖尿病合并高血压、冠心病及48例单纯糖尿病患进行24小时心率变异时时域分析，同时与年龄、性别相当的62例正常人HRV资料进行比较。结果：（1）糖尿病患各项时域分析指标均较正常组降低（P＜0．05－＜0．01）；（2）与单纯糖尿病患比较，有心血管合并症的糖尿病患HRV参数中SDNN、SDANN、SDNN－index、rMSSD明显降低（P＜0．05－＜0．01）；（3）昼夜资料分析显示与正常组比较糖尿病患白天mR-R升高（P＜0．05），SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50显下降（P＜0．05－＜0．01），夜间各指标均明显降低（P＜0．05－＜0．01），合并高血压、冠心病的患除SDANN、PNN50外各指标下降更加显。提示糖尿病患的HRV分析有助于预测心脏事件的发生。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与心电稳定性的关系研究

目的：评估睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（SAS）对心电稳定性的一些常用指标,如心率变异性（HRV）、窦性心率震荡（HRT）、T波电交替（TWA）、心率校正后的QT间期（QTc）等的影响。方法：根据多导睡眠图（PSG）监测结果及临床表现,患者被分为两组,SAS组（n=47）和非SAS组（n=35）。并对入组患者行动态心电图检查,观察并记录两组患者心电稳定性相关指标。结果：（1）与非SAs组比较sAs患者日间的HRV无明显差异（P〉0．05）,但夜间HRV明显下降（P〈0.01）;（2）与非SAS组比较,SAS患者HRT的震荡斜率（TS）指标明显下降[（11．33±5．028）ms／RR比（6．92±4．43）ms／RR],震荡初始（TO）明显升高[（-1．39±2．18）％比（0．134±1．203）％],P均〈0.001;（3）SAS患者TWA时域指标峰值与非SAS组比较无明显差异;（4）SAS患者QTc较非SAS患者明显延长[（405．29±20．63）ms比（390．37±15．69）ms,P=0．001]。结论：睡眠呼吸暂停综合征可以严重影响心电稳定性。     

Holter对OSAS患者心脏自主神经功能的评价及心律失常的监测

目的：应用动态心电图（Holter）的心率变异性分析（HRV）和心率震荡（HRT）指标,评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（0sAS）患者的心脏自主神经功能,及监测OSAS患者心律失常的发生率。方法：对因鼾症就诊于我院的可疑OSAS者78例用多导睡眠图（PSG）行整夜（至少7h）睡眠检测,并同步进行Holter检查。根据呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）病例被分为OSAS组（AHI≥5次／h,54例）和正常对照组（AHI〈5次／h,24例）。对两组患者的HRV和HRT各指标进行分析,并记录心律失常发生情况。结果：与正常对照组比较,OSAS组HRV指标：低频功率谱ELF,（13．4±8．5）比（20．7±7．5）]、极低频功率谱[VLF,（9．2±2．5）比（12．7±3．1）]、高频功率谱[HF,（9．0±3．5）比（12．2±4．7）]、低频功率谱／高频功率谱EL／HV,（1．4±0．5）比（1．8±0．7）]均明显升高（P〈0．05）;HRT．指标：HRT指标中震荡起始ETO,（-0．04±0．01）比（0．04±0．01）]值明显升高,震荡斜率[TS,（7．6±3．1）比（4．2±1．5）]值明显降低（P〈0．05）。OSAS组各种心律失常发生率均明显高于正常对照组（P均〈0．05）。结论：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者存在自主神经功能调节障碍,且心律失常的发生率高于正常人。     

老年高血压患者心率变异与靶器官损害的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者心率变异（HRV）与靶器官损害的关系。方法选取老年高血压患者210例,其中单纯高血压组4l例,高血压伴左室肥厚（LVH）患者65例、伴肾功损害者53例、伴颈动脉IMT增厚患者51例;选择健康者50名作为对照组,进行心率变异性时域分析。对人选者做以下检查：心电图、超声心动图、24h动态心电图、颈动脉内膜-中层厚度（IMT）、血肌酐。结果老年高血压患者HRV各项指标低于对照组（P〈0．05）;高血压伴LVH组HRV与单纯高血压组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）.高血压伴肾功损害及IMT增厚者HRV与单纯高血压组比较,差异有统计学意岁。’P〈0．05）。结论老年高血压靶器官损害患者的HRV减低,即自主神经对心脏的调节能力减弱;可通过自主神经功能受损程度来评估靶器官受损的程度和判断预后。     

比索洛尔对糖尿病自主神经病变患者心率变异性的影响

目的：通过比较糖尿病自主神经病变者服用比索洛尔（康可）前、后心率变异（HRV）的变化，以了解比索洛尔对HRV的影响。方法？用动态心电图测定50例糖尿病自主神经病变的病人在比索洛尔治疗前、后的HRV时域各项指标，并与对照组50例进行比较。结果：与对照组比较，比索洛尔组的心率变异时域指标SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50均明显下降（P〈0．01）。治疗组比索洛尔治疗后SDNN、rMSSD、pNN50均较用药前显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论：糖尿病合并自主神经病变者HRV降低，比索洛尔能提高心率变异性，改善预后。     

Changes of heart rate variability during ventilator weaning

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Despite the recognition that ventilator weaning is associated with a change in autonomic nervous system activity, there has not been any report concerning the change of heart rate variability (HRV), a reliable method to detect autonomic nervous system activity, in patients during weaning. The aim of this study was to investigate the change of autonomic nervous system activity during ventilator weaning by HRV analysis. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: A 16-bed medical ICU of a tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-four patients receiving mechanical ventilation were included. Twelve patients with successful extubation after a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) [T-piece trial] were classified as the success group; otherwise, the patients were placed in the failure group. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Variables, including the total power (TP), and the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components of HRV, were measured in three phases: assist/control mandatory ventilation, pressure support ventilation (PSV), and SBT. While shifting from PSV to SBT, the HRV components decreased significantly in the failure group (TP, p = 0.025; LF, p = 0.007; HF, p = 0.031), but not in the success group. CONCLUSIONS: By HRV analysis, reduced HRV and vagal withdrawal of the autonomic nervous system activity are the main changes in patients with weaning failure.     

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM: To investigate autonomic nervous function in patients with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).METHODS: The investigation was performed on 29patients(14 men), aged 18-80 years(51.14 ± 18.34),who were referred to our Neurocardiology Laboratory at the Clinical and Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa"with a diagnosis of GERD. One hundred sixteen healthy volunteers matched in age and sex with the examinees served as the control group. The study protocol included the evaluation of autonomic function and hemodynamic status, short-term heart rate variability(HRV) analysis, 24 h ambulatory ECG monitoring with long-term HRV analysis and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.RESULTS: Pathologic results of cardiovascular reflex test were more common among patients with reflux compared to the control group. Severe autonomic dysfunction was detected in 44.4% of patients and in7.9% of controls(P 0.001). Parameters of short-term analysis of RR variability, which are the indicators ofvagal activity, had lower values in patients with GERD than in the control group. Long-term HRV analysis of time-domain parameters indicated lower values in patients with reflux disease when compared to the control group. Power spectral analysis of long-term HRV revealed lower low- and high-frequency values.Detailed 24 h ambulatory blood pressure analysis showed significantly higher values of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in the reflux group than in the control group.CONCLUSION: Patients with GERD have distortion of sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system, but impaired parasympathetic function appears more congruent to GERD.     

Melatonin levels decrease in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

The present study has been designed to determine melatonin levels in type 2 diabetic patients and test the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and melatonin dynamics. Thirty-six type 2 diabetic patients and 13 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion was assessed by measuring serum melatonin concentrations between 02:00-04:00 and 16:00-18:00 hr. Melatonin dynamics were re-evaluated with respect to autonomic nervous system in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy who were diagnosed by the cardiovascular reflex tests, heart rate variability (HRV), and 24-hr blood pressure monitoring. Nocturnal melatonin levels and the nocturnal melatonin surge were low in the diabetic group (P = 0.027 and 0.008 respectively). Patients with autonomic neuropathy revealed decreased melatonin levels both at night and during day when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001 and 0.004 respectively) while the melatonin dynamics were similar to controls in patients without autonomic neuropathy. Nocturnal melatonin level was positively correlated with nocturnal high and low frequency components of HRV (P = 0.005 and 0.011 respectively) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures at night (P = 0.002 and 0.004 respectively) in patients with autonomic neuropathy. We found a negative correlation between nocturnal melatonin levels and the degree of systolic blood pressure decrease at night (r = -0.478, P = 0.045). As a conclusion this study has shown that circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion is blunted in type 2 diabetic patients and there is a complex relationship between various components of autonomic nervous system and melatonin secretion at night. Among the patients with autonomic neuropathy those with more preserved HRV and the systolic nondippers (<10% reduction in blood pressure during the night relative to daytime values) have more pronounced melatonin surge at night.     

正常孕妇24小时的心率变异分析

为观察正常孕妇的HRV以及室性心律失常的发生率 ,探讨孕妇心脏自主神经功能的平衡情况 ,对 6 9例孕妇(按妊娠周期分成 3组 )和 30例正常未孕妇女进行 2 4h动态心电图检查 ,监测 2 4h的室性心律失常 (PVC) ,对其时域、频域结果进行分析。结果显示 :与对照组相比 ,怀孕各组大部分时域、频域指标均明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但与妊娠周期无关 ;而怀孕伴PVC与怀孕无PVCHRV比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示怀孕伴PVC可能与心脏自主神经功能失衡有关。HRV分析对临床评价孕妇心脏自主神经功能有一定的参考意义。     

Relationship between Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: An Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Objectives: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common, but their etiology and mechanism remain unclear. We believe that changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may be contributory because the lower urinary tract is regulated through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a tool by which autonomic nervous function can be measured; therefore, we measured and compared parameters of heart rate variability between men with LUTS and asymptomatic subjects. Methods: We studied 35 men with LUTS (mean age 50.5 ± 14.9 years) and 110 asymptomatic male volunteers who had requested a health check up (mean age 49.5 ± 5.19 years) from July 2006 to June 2008. HRV is known to be a useful tool for evaluating ANS activity, and we measured and compared HRV in the resting state. Results: The standard deviation of the N‐N interval (SDNN) and total power (TP) for patients with LUTS revealed no significant differences from those in the control group. On frequency domain analysis, there was evidence of decreased high frequency (HF) in patients with LUTS (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in other parameters, such as heart rate, square root of the mean squared differences of successive N‐N intervals (RMSSD), very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), or LF/HF ratio. Conclusion: Patients with LUTS exhibited different HRV parameters compared with asymptomatic controls. Their decreased HF indicated that they may have had an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system.     

十二指肠溃疡患者心血管自主神经功能变化与心率变异性的关系

目的：探讨十二指肠溃疡（DU）患者心血管自主神经功能变化与心率变异性（HRV）的关系。方法：将80例DU患者进行标准心血管自主神经功能试验（DAN），据此结果分成阳性组（DAN^ )及阴性组（DAN^-)。设80名健康人为对照组。动态记录24h心电图并进行HRV分析。结果：DU患者心血管自主神经功能异常的发生率为52．5％，主要表现为迷走神经功能异常；DAN% 组HRV分析中时域指标SDNN、SDNNindex、SDANN均减小（P＜0．05），且反映副交感神经张力改变的RMSSD、PNN50、HF等指标在DAN^ 组及DAN^-组中均明显增高，LF／HF比值明显减低，与对照组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：DU患者存在副交感神经张力增加，副交感神经张力改变在DU发病中起着重要的作用。HRV分析是临床早期发现DU患者心血管自主神经功能异常的较好方法。     

Effect of conscious sedation on cardiac autonomic regulation during colonoscopy

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is associated with cardiovascular events including hypotension, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia. The pathogenetic mechanisms of these cardiovascular events are unknown, but there is evidence that the autonomic nervous system may play a role. Conscious sedation is often used to relieve the inconvenience caused by the procedure. In this study, we evaluated the effects of sedation on cardiac autonomic regulation during colonoscopy. METHODS: One hundred and eighty patients undergoing elective colonoscopy were prospectively randomized into three groups: (i) sedation with intravenous midazolam (midazolam group); (ii) sedation with intravenous saline (placebo group); and (iii) no intravenous cannula (control group). Continuous electrocardiogram was recorded prior to, during, and after the colonoscopic procedure. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by means of the power spectral analysis; the powers of low-frequency (LF 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF 0.15-0.40 Hz) components were calculated. RESULTS: Intubation of the colonoscope increased the LF component of HRV and decreased HF power in all study groups compared to baseline recording. Furthermore, compared to baseline, the LF/HF ratio--a marker of cardiac sympathetic regulation--increased during intubation in the midazolam (P < 0.001) and placebo (P < 0.05) groups, with no change in the control group. During intubation the midazolam group presented with higher LF and lower HF power than placebo (P < 0.001) and control groups (P < 0.01). Accordingly, the LF/HF ratio was higher in the midazolam group than in the placebo (P < 0.05) or control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam potentiates the dominance of the sympathetic nervous system induced by colonoscopy. Therefore, conscious sedation with midazolam may contribute to the occurrence of cardiovascular events during colonoscopy.     

肠易激综合征亚型心率变异性分析

目的探讨心率变异性(HRV)分析在IBS亚型中的临床意义。方法选择30例女性IBS患者,分为IBS-D组、IBS-C组、IBS-M组、IBS-U组。同时选择20例健康女性作为对照组。应用SAS、SDS量表对所有对象进行心理状态测评,24 h HRV频域分析指标测定自主神经功能。结果 IBS各亚型组焦虑和抑郁评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),同时IBS-C组显著高于其他亚型组(P<0.05)。IBS各亚型组LF/HF显著高于对照组(P<0.05);IBS-C型较其他亚型LF明显升高,HF明显降低,LF/HF比值增高(P<0.05)。结论 IBS-C型患者与其他IBS亚型患者在心理状态和HRV指标上存在差异。     

Impaired cardiac autonomic functions in patients with environmental asbestos exposure: a study of time domain heart rate variability

Environmental asbestos exposure is related to diffuse pleural disease (thickening and calcification) and restrictive pulmonary disease. To assess cardiac autonomic system, we investigated the time domain heart rate variability (HRV) by Holter monitoring and their correlation with pulmonary function tests in patients with pleural disease caused by environmental asbestos exposure. We studied 45 patients (26 men, 19 women, aged 62.67 +/- 10.1 years) and 35 healthy patients who had similar sex and age profile to the patients (24 men, 11 women, aged 59.31 +/- 8.4 years). The asbestosis group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the severity of forced vital capacity (FVC) severe (group 1) (n = 12): FVC less than 50% of expected, moderate (group 2) (n = 16): FVC 64%-51% of expected and mild (group 3) (n = 17): FVC 65%-80% of expected. HRV parameters were significantly different among all groups (P<.0001). Comparing the 4 groups (subgroups and control group), group 1 had the lowest mean HRV values and controls had the highest mean HRV values (P<.0001). Severity of autonomic dysfunction was correlated with the severity of FVC and arterial oxygen pressure. Right ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter (RVEDID) and right ventricular end-systolic internal diameter (RVESID) values were significantly increased in patients (P <.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively). Pulmonary acceleration time (AcT) values were shorter in all patient groups than control group (P <.0001). It was shortest in group 1. Group 2 and 3 had shorter AcT values than control group. HRV parameters were correlated positively with AcT values and negatively with RVEDID and RVESID values. In conclusion, patients with restrictive pulmonary disease due to environmental asbestos exposure had autonomic dysfunction, which was correlated with the severity of restriction. This was thought to be the result of chronic hypoxia, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular enlargement.     

Increased sympathetic nervous system activity as cause of exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia in patients with normal coronary arteries

In this prospective study, we set out to determine whether analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia (EIVT) and normal coronary arteries would reveal increased sympathetic nervous system activity. From January 1996 to December 2001, we compared 16 patients with EIVT and normal coronary arteries with an age- and sex-matched control group. Analysis of HRV showed that parameters indicative of parasympathetic activity were lower in our study group than in our control group: standard deviation of the mean of qualified NN intervals (SDNN), 81.6 +/- 14.5 vs 139.3 +/- 11.0, P <0.001; root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), 22.3 +/- 4.8 vs 36.3 +/- 6.6, P <0.001; number of NN intervals that differed by more than 5 ms from the adjacent interval, divided by the total number of NN intervals (PNN50), 4.8 +/- 1.5 vs 10.2 +/- 3. 1, P <0.001; and high-frequency component (HF), 28.7 +/- 2.5 vs 32.4 +/- 3.9, P <0.05. Conversely, parameters indicative of sympathetic activity were higher in patients with EIVT: low-frequency component (LF), 71.2 +/- 5.0 vs 52.0 +/- 5.8, P <0.001; and absolute low/high frequency component ratio (LF/HF), 2.7 +/- 0.2 vs 1.6 +/- 0.2, P <0.001. There was a positive correlation between EIVT and LF (r=0.79, P <0.001) and between EIVT and LF/HF (r=0.81, P <0.001). Our results suggest the presence of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic tone in patients with EIVT. We conclude that EIVT is associated with an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system.