以Nrf2为靶点防治肾脏疾病的研究进展

核因子Nrf2是调控机体内源性抗氧化信号通路的核心转录因子,其调控一系列抗氧化酶、Ⅱ相解毒酶和Ⅲ相转运体的表达,维持机体氧化还原平衡。而且,Nrf2还能调控炎症反应。近年来,研究证实Nrf2在肾脏疾病的防治中具有重要生理学作用,激活Nrf2能提高细胞或组织的抗氧化应激和抗炎能力,减轻机体损伤。因此,该文综述了Nrf2对各种肾脏疾病的保护作用,探讨以Nrf2为靶点防治肾脏疾病的可能性。     

Effect of a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,CPD1,on unilateral renal interstitial fibrosis caused by ureteric obstruction in mice北大核心CSCD

Aim To investigate the effects of CPD1,a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor,on renal pathological phenotype and fibrotic protein expression in renal fibrosis model mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups randomly(sham group,UUO group and UUO+CPD1 group). Unilateral ureteric obstruction model was constructed by surgery,and CPD1(5 mg·kg-1·d-1)was administered by intragastric administration two hours after the modeling for seven days. HE and Sirius Red staining were used to observe the distribution of tissue structural lesions and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of fibronectin(FN),α-SMA,collagen-I and kidney injury molecule-1(Kim-1). Results Compared with sham operation group,the renal tubules of mice were dilated and accompanied by a large amount of inflammatory infiltration. Moreover,the expressions of FN,α-SMA,collagen-I and Kim-1 proteins increased significantly(P<0.05)in UUO group. CPD1 treatment improved the kidney structure and decreased the expression of collagen fibers. Furthermore,CPD1 inhibited the expression of FN,α-SMA,collagen-I and Kim-1 markedly(P<0.05). Conclusions Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor CPD1 alleviates the progression of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction through down-regulating ECM deposition in the extracellular matrix and expression of Kim-1. The specific mechanism remains to be further studied. © 2023 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.     

Procyanidin B2 protects H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells by regulating PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-l signaling pathways北大核心CSCD

Aim To explore the protective effect of proanthocyanidin B2 (PC-B2) on oxidative damage of PC 12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and the related mechanism. Methods PC12 cells were treated with H2 O2 (200 μmol • L -1) for 24 h to establish oxidative damage model in vitro, and were randomly divided into normal group, normal + PC-B2 group, H2O2-induced model group and H2 O2 +PC-B2 group. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity in each group were detected by CCK-8 and LDH assays, respectively. The expressions of MDA, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px were detected by ELISA kit. Cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. The expressions of apoptosis-related factors Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, p-PI3 K, p-Akt, PI3 K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-l pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Compared with the normal group, the cell proliferation ability of the H2 O2 model group decreased, the contents of LDH and MDA increased, the contents of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px decreased, and the apoptosis was aggravated. After PCB2 intervention, the proliferation ability of PC 12 cells increased, the contents of LDH and MDA decreased, and the contents of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased. PC-B2 effectively inhibited the apoptosis of PC12 cells and up-regulated the expression of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-l proteins. Conclusions PC-B2 can protect PC12 cells from oxidative damage induced by H2 O2 and improve the apoptosis of PC 12 cells. The mechanism may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-l signaling pathways. © 2023 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.     

基于嗅球摘除模型大鼠柴当薄组方挥发油抗抑郁作用及Nrf2/HO-1机制北大核心CSCD

目的采用嗅球摘除(olfactory bulbectomy,OB)抑郁样模型大鼠探究逍遥散精简方柴当薄(Chai Hu,Dang Gui,Bo He,CDB)组方挥发油部位的抗抑郁作用及其干预Nrf2/HO-1通路的作用机制。方法GC-MS分析CDB挥发油部位主要成分。大鼠实施OB造模后14 d,分为模型组、盐酸氟西汀(10 mg·kg^(-1))、CDB水煎液(15.33 g生药·kg^(-1))、CDB挥发油部位高、低剂量(46、23 mg·kg^(-1))、假手术6个组。大鼠连续灌胃28 d,d 14、28进行糖水偏好与旷场试验,d 28进行飞溅试验。检测大鼠血清及皮质中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平及皮质中丙二醛(MDA)含量。检测海马部位Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达量及HO-1、GPX3、NQO1 mRNA表达水平。结果CDB挥发油中含量较丰富的成分主要有藁本内酯、薄荷脑、香芹酮、丁烯基苯酞等。CDB挥发油可使模型大鼠糖水偏好率增加、水平活动减少、梳洗时间延长,血清和皮质中SOD、GSH水平提高,皮质MDA含量及血清TNF-α水平下降。并使模型大鼠海马Nrf2、HO-1蛋白及HO-1、GPX3、NQO1 mRNA表达水平增加。结论CDB组方挥发油部位能改善OB模型大鼠的抑郁样行为,作用发挥与激活Nrf2/HO-1通路呈现的抗氧化作用有关。     

人参皂苷Rg1通过激活Nrf2/xCT/GPX4通路抑制神经元铁死亡改善缺血性脑卒中损伤北大核心CSCD

目的研究人参皂苷Rg1对缺血性脑卒中后神经元铁死亡的抑制作用及其机制。方法细胞水平建立HT22细胞氧糖剥夺/复氧(oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation,OGD/R)模型,CCK-8法检测Rg1对OGD/R损伤后HT22细胞活力的影响,试剂盒检测细胞铁死亡标志物GSH/GSSG、SOD、MDA和Fe 2+含量的影响;Western blot检测细胞GPX4、xCT和Nrf2蛋白的变化;ML385干预Nrf2验证其在Rg1调节OGD/R引起的细胞铁死亡中的作用。动物水平建立大鼠短暂性大脑中动脉阻塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)再灌注模型,分为假手术组、模型组、Rg1治疗组(40 mg·kg^(-1))和Fer-1铁死亡抑制剂组(0.2 mg·kg^(-1))。缺血90 min后拔栓并给药,再灌注24 h后进行Zea Longa和Garcia Test评分评估神经受损程度;透射电镜观察皮质神经元线粒体形态变化;Western blot检测GPX4和xCT蛋白水平。结果Rg1能明显提高OGD/R后HT22细胞存活率,上调GSH/GSSG比值,恢复SOD活性,降低MDA和Fe 2+含量,并促进GPX4,xCT和Nrf2蛋白表达,而ML385干预明显抑制了Rg1对OGD/R后HT22细胞存活率及GPX4、xCT蛋白的上调作用。在体动物实验结果表明,Rg1可上调MCAO大鼠皮质组织GPX4和xCT的表达,缓解神经元线粒体的形态损伤,改善神经功能。结论人参皂苷Rg1可通过促进Nrf2/xCT/GPX4通路抑制缺血性脑卒中神经元铁死亡。     

杨桃根DMDD对高糖诱导的肾小管上皮细胞HK-2内质网应激IRE1α通路及炎症反应的抑制作用北大核心CSCD

目的研究杨桃根活性成分2-十二烷基-6-甲氧基-2,5-二烯-1,4-环己二酮(DMDD)对高糖诱导肾小管上皮细胞HK-2内质网应激及炎症反应的抑制作用。方法体外培养HK-2细胞,并分为正常组、高糖组、内质网应激抑制剂4-PBA组(5 mmoL·L^(-1))和DMDD高、中、低浓度组(8、4、2μmol·L^(-1))。各组细胞培养结束后,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;ELISA检测细胞上清液中TNF-α、IL-6的水平;AO/EB染色法检测细胞凋亡;Western blot法检测细胞中凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平、内质网应激标志蛋白GRP78、CHOP的表达水平以及IRE1α通路相关蛋白(IRE1α、JNK)的磷酸化水平。结果与高糖组比较,DMDD各浓度组细胞存活率明显升高;TNF-α、IL-6水平,Bax/Bcl-2、GRP78、CHOP蛋白表达水平和IRE1α、JNK蛋白磷酸化水平均明显降低,细胞中橙红色荧光明显减少。结论DMDD可能部分通过抑制内质网应激及IRE1α通路相关蛋白的表达,减少炎症反应,达到HK-2细胞的保护作用。