Differential repair activity of human chromosomes

The frequency of radioactive label (³H-thymidine) incorporation in human lymphocyte chromosomes in the course of repair (extra) synthesis of DNA was assessed. Chromosomes 7, 12, and 21 were found to have a lower, and chromosome 22 a higher repair activity than was expected when a uniform incorporation of the label along the genome was hypothesized. Segments were detected that incorporated an increased number of labels in the course of extra DNA synthesis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 69–71, January, 1995 (Presented by R. V. Petrov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Distribution of a morphogenic peptide activating the head growth of hydra in rat organs following intravascular administration of3H-labeled peptide

The organ distribution of radioactivity following intravascular bolus injection of³H-Lys-head growth activator in rats was studied. Two minutes after injection the renal level of radioactivity exceeded the blood level 7-fold; 80% of the total activity was bound with the blood cell membranes. An analysis of chemical derivatives of the labeled peptide in the plasma by means of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of several groups of radioactive metabolites with different hydrophilic properties. High-performance liquid chromatography of blood extracts obtained from samples taken 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 31, and 60 min after injection showed the transformation of initially hydrophobic head growth activator into more hydrophilic fragments. The³H-Lys-head growth activator-associated radioactivity could be reliably detected in the blood onl during the first two minutes after injection. The half-period of blood-to-organ distribution of³H-labeled head growth activator lasted less than 30 seconds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 466–469, November, 1994 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of a preparation of exogenous histone administered by different routes on intraspecific aggression in male mice

A study is made of the effect of a preparation of exogenous histone from calf thymus administered intranasally and intraperitoneally on intraspecific aggression in male mice. The histone is shown to exert a short-term suppressive effect on aggression with both routes of administration which manifests itself in a reduced number of attacks. However, the effective doses with intranasal administration are considerably lower than in the case of intraperitoneal injections. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 271–272, September, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Spectrum of histone proteins and acridine orange binding by liver cell chromatin in rats at different times after partial hepatectomy

Changes in the spectrum of hepatic histones characteristic of active chromatin were observed in rats as early as 3 h after partial hepatectomy. At 6–9 h postsurgery, acridine orange binding to deproteinized chromatin areas was considerably increased. At 13 h the histone spectrum of liver cells from operated rats did not differ from that of control samples from sham-operated animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 369–371, April, 1995     

Inhibition of generalized wound infection in immunized rats

The occurrence of the pyocyanic bacillus in the blood and spleen is compared after intramuscular administration to intact and immunized animals. It is demonstrated that blood clearance is performed by transferring the causative agent to splenic phagocytes. It is suggested that antibodies agglutinize the microorganisms in the primary focus of infection and prevent their entry into the blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 545–546, May, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lymph circulation in the febrile reaction and possible antipyretic correction

The febrile reaction in dogs, as established experimentally, is accompanied by a significant intensification of the lymph flow. Metapyrin provides a strong boost to the lymph circulation, improving exchange processes between the blood and tissues Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 180–181, February, 1994     

EDTA-blood filtration: A positive correlation with lymphocyte number

Blood is filtered through nuclear filters with pore diameter 5 μ under a pressure of 0.1×10⁵ dyn/cm² and 0.4×10⁵ dyn/cm². Correlation analysis of the dependence of blood filterability on blood cell count and blood cell adhesiveness is performed. There is a negative correlation between the erythrocyte count and the number of adherent granulocytes. A significant positive correlation is established between blood filterability and the lymphocyte count at a pressure of 0.4×10⁵ dyn/cm² but not at a pressure of 0.1×10⁵ dyn/cm². Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 262–264, September, 1994 Presented by Yu. M. Lopukhin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Stimulation of peritoneal macrophage activity in rats with experimental peritonitis during transfusion of UV-irradiated blood

Three transfusions of blood irradiated at 254 nm induce an increase of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in rats with peritonitis in comparison with infusion of intact blood. Addition of aspirin, an inhibitor of enzymatic peroxidation of lipids, to the irradiated portion of the blood before irradiation abolishes this stimulating effect. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 140–142, February, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Respiratory and circulatory disorders in experimental poisoning with an organophosphorus pesticide

Acute poisoning with Anthio is associated with a gradual drop of blood pressure in the greater circulation and the development of intensive metabolic acidosis, despite normoxia still observed in the arterial blood and a somewhat increased oxygen capacity of the blood, this indicating mitochondrial injury and disordered tissue respiration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 470–475, May, 1994 Presented by I.P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Induced activation of peripheral blood mononuclears and neutrophils in recipients of an allogeneic kidney

Peripheral blood mononuclears and neutrophils in recipients of an allogeneic kidney are better stimulated with zymosan and phorbol ester during the first days after transplantation and during allograft rejection. Antithymocytic globulin depresses chemiluminescence of both neutrophils and mononuclears. Antisera to human immunoglobulin suppress chemiluminescence of mononuclears but not of neutrophils. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 523–525, May 1995     

Responses of microvasculature in the paired cheek pouches of hamsters to blood loss and blood substitution

Comparison of arteriolar and venular responses in the left and right cheek pouches of hamsters to blood loss and blood substitution showed that blood loss led to a greater constriction of arterioles and venules in the right pouch than in the left and that blood substitution decreased arteriolar constriction and restored venular size in the right pouch, but resulted in a more marked constriction of both arterioles and venules in the left pouch. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 30–32, January, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of perfluorodecalin on picrotoxin toxicity and some detoxication systems

Preliminary administration (at least 7 days before the experiment) of perfluorodecalin boosts resistance to the toxic action of picrotoxin in rodents. The antidotal activity of diazepam rises under these conditions. Perfluorodecalin induces the activation of monooxygenase, conjugation, and antioxidant detoxication systems; the protein content increases in the blood serum and carboxylesterase activity is enchanged. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2. pp. 176–178, February, 1995     

How the ability of bacteria to inactivate natural antiinfectious resistance factors affects their resistance to the bactericidal action of the blood (Serum)

A relationship is found between the resistance ofEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andStaphylococcus epidermidis to human serum and whole blood and their ability to inactivate the factors of natural antiinfectious resistance (lysozyme, complement, immunoglobulins, and a bactericidal fraction of leukocytic interferon). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 174–176, February, 1996     

Inhibition of mitogen-stimulated proliferation of human lymphocytesin vitro by synthetic peptide fragments of α-2 interferon

Human α-2 interferon and peptides representing parts of the amino-acid sequence 124–138 of the IF molecule inhibit the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donorsin vitro induced by ConA. It is shown that neither interferon α-2 nor biologically active peptides change the level of interleukin-2 ConA-induced production by human blood mononuclears. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 72–74, January, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The role of the lymphatic system in the changes of electrolyte balance in the febrile reaction

The shifts of the electrolyte level in the lymph and blood are of the same direction, namely, increased. The content of potassium, sodium, and calcium changes only after prolonged fever, while that of magnesium changes after just a single administration of pyrogenal. The lymph level of calcium and magnesium rises more significantly as compared to the blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 174–176, February, 1994     

Effect of Prooxidants on the survival of rabbits exposed toStaphylococcus aureus toxic shock exotoxin and on the chemiluminescence of their whole blood cellsin vivo

The prooxidant Adriablastin (Adriamycin) is shown to prolong the survival of Chinchilla rabbits exposed to the toxic shock exotoxin produced byStaphylococcus aureus as well as to exert a marked effect on the time course of both spontaneous and opsonized zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence by whole blood cells of these animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 258–259, September, 1995 (Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)     

Oxyferriscorbone: Ulcerostatic effect and its possible mechanisms

It is found that oxyferriscorbone inhibits free-radical lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and gastric tissue. Interaction of the drug with modeled membranes is demonstrated. It is suggested that this effect underlies the mechanism of its ulcerostatic action. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 490–493, May, 1994     

Effects of hydrocortisone,retabolil, and their combination on the phagocytic activity of rat blood neutrophils

Effects of retabolil on the phagocytic index, phagocytic number, and the nitro blue tetrazolium reduction test with rat blood neutrophils were studied. The drug was found to reduce these parameters. Pretreatment with retabolil arrested or attenuated the depression of neutrophil phagocytic activity caused by hydrocortisone. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 179–180, February, 1995     

Effects of an organophosphorus compound on pulmonary and systemic circulations

Shortly (30–90 min) after an intragastric administration of the organophosphorus pesticide Anthio to cats, their cardiac output begins to decrease and the right ventricular output decreased to a greater extent than the left. Blood is redistributed to the greater circulation with a diminution of blood flow in the pulmonary lobar vessels. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 18–21, January, 1994     

The state of the microcirculatory bed,microhemodynamics, and oxygen supply of the liver under conditions of disrupted parasympathetic innervation

Vagotomy is shown to result in disturbances of the microcirculation (a reduced rate of blood flow and distortion of its kinetics), the morphological basis of which consists of certain transformations of the microvascular network organization and ultrastructural changes in the cells lining the sinusoidal capillaries. The most pronounced disorders in microhemodynamics and blood supply of the liver are found 5–14 days after vagotomy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 328–330, September, 1994 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences