ADAM9在高侵袭转移 MDA －MB －231乳腺癌细胞系中的表达

目的：探讨去整合素金属蛋白酶9（a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9，ADAM9）蛋白在人乳腺癌细胞系中的表达。方法：提取人正常乳腺上皮细胞 HBL100，人乳腺癌细胞系 MCF －7，ZR －75－1，MDA －MB －231，HCC1937和 Hs578T，小鼠乳腺癌细胞系4T1的总蛋白和总 mRNA，提取细胞的总蛋白和总 RNA 进行蛋白免疫印迹和实时定量 PCR 检测 ADAM9的表达。结果：在人乳腺癌细胞系 MDA －MB －231中 ADAM9蛋白表达最高，在小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞中 ADAM9表达较低。结论：ADAM9在高侵袭的 MDA －MB －231乳腺癌细胞中高表达。     

β2肾上腺素能受体在乳腺癌细胞中的表达及对侵袭能力的影响

目的：探讨β2肾上腺素能受体（β2 adrenergic receptor，β2-AR）在人乳腺癌细胞株中的表达以及对乳腺癌细胞侵袭能力的影响。方法：RT—PCR法检测10种乳腺癌细胞株及正常乳腺上皮细胞中β2-AR的表达；用脂质体转染法将卢2“尺基因转入乳腺癌细胞MDA—MB-435；用细胞侵袭实验（Transwell）检测亲本细胞及转染细胞的侵袭能力。结果：β2-AR在正常乳腺上皮细胞HBL-100及乳腺癌细胞BT-549、HCC1937、BCaP-37中表达；在乳腺癌细胞MDA—MB-435、MDA—MB-435HM、MCF-7、T47D中基本无表达；在乳腺癌细胞MDA—MB-231、MDA-MB-231HM、MDA—MB-468中高表达。细胞侵袭实验证实表达B2-AR蛋白的MDA—MB-231及稳定转染卢2-AR基因的细胞克隆MDA—MB-435β2-AR可由β2-AR受体激动剂去甲肾上腺素趋化而定向迁移及侵袭。结论：β2-AR在多种乳腺癌细胞株中表达；转染β2-AR可使乳腺癌细胞的侵袭能力增强。     

乳腺癌耐药细胞ER表达状态影响细胞对屈洛昔芬和阿霉素的敏感性

背景与目的：雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER)阳性乳腺癌细胞株来源的耐药细胞株中,ER表达缺失或下降,且细胞生长速度减慢,本文的目的是研究MCF－7／Adr乳腺癌耐药细胞株中ER表达状态与细胞对出洛昔芬（droloxifene,Dro)和阿霉素（Adriamycin,Adr)敏感性之间的关系。方法：Western blot法检测MCF－7／Adr及其亲本MCF－7细胞中ER蛋白的表达,构建ER的真核细胞表达质粒（pCER),利用LipofectAMINE^TM将ER基因导入MCF－7／Adr细胞,经G418抗性筛选获得阳性克隆（MTER／Adr),PCR,Western blot法鉴定并检测ER基因的整合和蛋白表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化,MTT法检测Dro及Adr对细胞增殖的影响。结果：在MCF－7细胞中可检测到ER蛋白 的表达,而MCF－7／Adr细胞中使用Westernblot检测不到ER蛋白的表达,成功构建真核细胞表达质粒pCER并转染MCF－7／Adr细胞,阳性克隆MTER／Adr整合了ER基因并获得表达。经MTT分析,10μmol/LDro对MCF－7细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用。而到20μmol/L时对MCF－7／Adr细胞的生长有抑制作用。ER转染MCF－7／Adr细胞后,15μmol/L的Dro对其生长出现抑制作用,使细胞多分布于G0／G1期。同时细胞对Adro的敏感性下降,结论：MCF－7／MCF－7／Adr细胞部分恢复对Dro和Adr的敏感性。     

miR-100抑制乳腺癌细胞迁移的作用和机制

目的:探究miR-100对乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231迁移能力的调节与机制.方法:Real time-PCR检测人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A和乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231中miR-100的基础表达水平.应用脂质体法将 miR-100 mimic及阴性对照分别转染乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,通过real time-PCR检测转染后miR-100的表达水平,细胞划痕实验检测过表达miR-100对MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力的影响,Western blot方法检测slug、snail和E-cadherin等EMT蛋白表达水平的变化.结果:miR-100在乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231中的表达明显低于人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A.转染miR-100 mimic的乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的miR-100表达水平明显增高,细胞划痕实验显示过表达miR-100的MDA-MB-231细胞划痕愈合速度明显减慢.过表达miR-100的MDA-MB-231细胞E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显增加,而slug和snail蛋白表达水平明显降低.结论:miR-100抑制乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的迁移能力与其上调E-cadherin,下调slug、snail蛋白表达,抑制EMT有关.     

RGS5在乳腺癌组织和细胞系中的表达和定位

目的:探讨G蛋白信号转导调节蛋白5（RGS5）在人乳腺癌细胞系中的表达。方法:提取人正常乳腺上皮细胞HBL100,人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7,ZR-75-1,ZR-75-30,MDA-MB-231,HCC1937的总蛋白和总RNA,提取细胞的总蛋白和总RNA进行蛋白免疫印迹和实时定量PCR检测RGS5的表达。共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察RGS5胞内定位;免疫组化检测RGS5在乳腺肿瘤组织中表达情况。结果:MDA-MB-231细胞系中RGS5基因表达上调,MCF7和ZR-75-1细胞系中RGS5蛋白表达提高。结论:RGS5在乳腺癌细胞的高表达可能参与其生长和转移,揭示RGS5可能是人乳腺肿瘤的治疗靶点。     

DLG5与34βE12在乳腺癌中表达的相关性及临床意义

目的:探讨细胞极性蛋白DLG5与高分子量角蛋白（34βE12）在乳腺癌中表达的相关性，阐明其在乳腺癌临床诊断中的作用。方法:收集乳腺癌组织，通过免疫组织化学（immunohistochemistry,IHC）分析DLG5的表达情况，以及其与34βE12表达的相关性。利用慢病毒技术敲低DLG5的表达后，Western blot检测DLG5与34βE12的表达。结果:DLG5的表达随乳腺癌恶性程度增加而降低，与雌激素受体/孕激素受体（ER/PR）、34βE12的表达呈现正相关性。在乳腺上皮细胞MCF10A中，敲低DLG5表达后，34βE12的表达显著降低。结论:在乳腺癌中，DLG5可以用于早期诊断、恶性程度判定，并且可以作为ER/PR阳性乳腺癌治疗及预测预后的潜在生物标志物。     

抑制MTAl对雌二醇调控ER阳性乳腺癌细胞MMP-9、TIMP-1表达的影响

目的：观察转移相关蛋白1（ Metastasis associated protein 1,MTA1）在雌激素调控雌激素受体（Estrogen Recepto,ER）阳性乳腺癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶－9（Matrix metalloproteinase －9,MMP－9）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子（ Tissue inhibitor of metalprotease －1,TIMP－1）中的可能作用。方法采用慢病毒转染MTA1－shRNA的方法建立特异性抑制MTA1表达的MCF－7模式细胞株。采用10 nM雌二醇（17β－estradiol,E2）处理细胞48 h,Real－time PCR、Western blot分别检测MMP－9、TIMP－1 mRNA与蛋白表达。结果 MTA1－shRNA最大抑制效率为84．9％,提示成功建立了抑制MTA1表达的MCF－7模式细胞株（MCF－7MTA1－shRNA）。 MCF－7野生株（MCF－7WT）在E2处理后MMP－9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别上升了46％（P＜0．05）和37％（P＜0．05）,TIMP－1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低了32．3％（P＜0．05）和18．2％（P＜0．05）;相对MCF－7WT,MCF－7MTA1－shRNA MMP－9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低了42．9％（P＜0．05）和36．7％（P＜0．05）,TIMP－1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平未见显著变化;采用E2处理MCF－7MTA1－shRNA后,MMP－9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平未见明显变化,TIMP－1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低了25．4％（P＜0．05）和32．2％（P＜0．05）。结论 MTA1在雌激素上调ER阳性乳腺癌细胞MMP－9表达的信号转导通路中可能发挥重要作用,但未参与雌激素调控ER阳性乳腺癌细胞TIMP－1表达的信号转导通路。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中HPV16、18E6及MCM7蛋白的表达

目的:检测人乳腺浸润性导管癌及乳腺良性病变中HPV16、18E6和MCM7蛋白的表达,探讨高危型HPV感染和细胞周期复制调控异常与人乳腺癌发生、发展的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测30例正常乳腺、30例乳腺腺病,52例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中HPV16、18E6和MCM7蛋白的表达.结果:癌组中HPV16、18E6和MCM7蛋白的阳性表达分别为57.69%和96.15%,均显著高于正常组和腺病组(P＜0.02、P＜0.05).HPV16、18E6与MCM7蛋白阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.5442;P＜0.001).MCM7蛋白阳性表达与IDC组织学分级、淋巴结转移和肿块大小有关(P＜0.01、P＜0.03、P＜0.01).结论:高危型HPV16、18感染和MCM7蛋白的高表达导致细胞周期复制调控异常涉及了HPV感染后乳腺癌的发生发展过程.MCM7高表达与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移有关.二者联合检测可作为评价HPV感染乳腺上皮细胞的增殖状态和评价临床预后的生物学指标.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中HPV16、18E6及MCM7蛋白的表达

目的：检测人乳腺浸润性导管癌及乳腺良性病变中HPV16、18E6和MCM7蛋白的表达,探讨高危型HPV感染和细胞周期复制调控异常与人乳腺癌发生、发展的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学sP法检测30例正常乳腺、30例乳腺腺病,52例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中HPV16、18E6和MCM7蛋白的表达。结果：癌组中HPV16、18E6和MCM7蛋白的阳性表达分别为57．69％和96．15％,均显著高于正常组和腺病组（P〈0．02、P〈0．05）。HPV16、18E6与MCM7蛋白阳性表达呈正相关（r=0．5442;P〈0．001）。MCM7蛋白阳性表达与IDC组织学分级、淋巴结转移和肿块大小有关（P〈0．01、P〈0．03、P〈0．01）。结论：高危型HPV16、18感染和MCM7蛋白的高表达导致细胞周期复制调控异常涉及了HPV感染后乳腺癌的发生发展过程。MCM7高表达与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移有关。二者联合检测可作为评价HPV感染乳腺上皮细胞的增殖状态和评价临床预后的生物学指标。     

miR-206对三阴性乳腺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用及初步机制研究

目的 探讨miR-206对三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法 转染miR-206 mimic和miR-NC至乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231中,应用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术检测miR-206相对表达水平;应用MTT法、克隆形成实验检测miR-206对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖能力的影响;流式细胞术检测miR-206对细胞周期的影响;Western blotting进一步验证miR-206对周期相关蛋白CyclinD2的影响。结果 qRT-PCR检测结果显示,miR-206 mimic转染至MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞48h后miR-206的相对表达水平为10.2±1.5。MTT法检测结果显示,miR-206 mimic转染至MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞6、24、48、72、96h后的增殖抑制率分别为（0±0.01）％、（0.12±0.03）％、（0.21±0.08）％、（0.28±0.11）％ 和（0.39±0.16）％;克隆形成实验结果显示,miR-206 mimic和miR-NC转染至MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞2周后的克隆数目分别为106±35和843±143,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。流式细胞术检测结果显示,miR-206 mimic转染至MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞48h后,明显地阻滞细胞周期于G1期;Western blotting检测显示miR-206表达下调了细胞周期蛋白CyclinD2的表达。结论 miR-206明显抑制了三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的增殖,其机制可能与下调细胞周期蛋白CyclinD2的表达有关,这将成为乳腺癌临床治疗一个新的靶点。     

环氧化酶-2抑制剂nimesulide对乳腺癌细胞株增生、凋亡的影响

目的 探讨环氧化酶-2抑制剂nimesulide(NIM)对雌激素受体(ER)阴性(MDA-MB．231)和阳性(MCF-7)人乳腺癌细胞株增生、凋亡的影响。方法 应用MTT比色法分析细胞生长抑制作用，流式细胞技术测定细胞周期分布和凋亡率，透射电镜观察细胞形态与超微结构，AnnexinV法检测细胞的凋亡。结果 NIM以时间、剂量依赖性方式抑制MDA-MB-231(COX-2阳性)、MCF-7(COX-2阴性)细胞生长，阻滞细胞周期于G0／G1期，诱导细胞的凋亡，MDA—MB-231细胞对NIM的作用更为敏感。NIM对COX-2表达阴性的MCF-7细胞同样具有抑制增生、诱导凋亡的作用。结论 NIM对ER阳性和ER阴性乳腺癌细胞均有抑制增生、诱导凋亡的作用。NIM的抗肿瘤作用存在环氧化酶．2依赖性与非依赖性两种途径。     

Reciprocal changes in gene expression profiles of cocultured breast epithelial cells and primary fibroblasts

The importance of epithelial‐stroma interaction in normal breast development and tumor progression has been recognized. To identify genes that were regulated by these reciprocal interactions, we cocultured a nonmalignant (MCF10A) and a breast cancer derived (MDA‐MB231) basal cell lines, with fibroblasts isolated from breast benign‐disease adjacent tissues (NAF) or with carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAF), in a transwell system. Gene expression profiles of each coculture pair were compared with the correspondent monocultures, using a customized microarray. Contrariwise to large alterations in epithelial cells genomic profiles, fibroblasts were less affected. In MDA‐MB231 highly represented genes downregulated by CAF derived factors coded for proteins important for the specificity of vectorial transport between ER and golgi, possibly affecting cell polarity whereas the response of MCF10A comprised an induction of genes coding for stress responsive proteins, representing a prosurvival effect. While NAF downregulated genes encoding proteins associated to glycolipid and fatty acid biosynthesis in MDA‐MB231, potentially affecting membrane biogenesis, in MCF10A, genes critical for growth control and adhesion were altered. NAFs responded to coculture with MDA‐MB231 by a decrease in the expression of genes induced by TGFβ1 and associated to motility. However, there was little change in NAFs gene expression profile influenced by MCF10A. CAFs responded to the presence of both epithelial cells inducing genes implicated in cell proliferation. Our data indicate that interactions between breast fibroblasts and basal epithelial cells resulted in alterations in the genomic profiles of both cell types which may help to clarify some aspects of this heterotypic signaling. © 2009 UICC     

微小RNA-148a抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231迁移的作用机制

目的:研究微小RNA-148a(miR-148a)在乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231中的表达,探讨上调miR-148a的表达对其迁移的影响及机制.方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A和乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231中miR-148a的表达水平.应用脂质体法将miR-148a mimic及阴性对照分别转染MDA-MB-231细胞,qRT-PCR检测转染效率;细胞划痕实验检测转染前后MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力的变化;Western blot方法检测上皮间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白Slug、Snail和E-cadher-in表达水平的变化.结果:与MCF-10A细胞相比,MDA-MB-231细胞中miR-148a的表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);与阴性对照组相比,miR-148a转染组中miR-148a的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);过表达miR-148a后,MDA-MB-231细胞迁移能力明显下降,Slug和Snail蛋白表达明显降低,E-cadherin蛋白表达明显增加.结论:miR-148a可通过调控Slug、Snail及E-cadherin蛋白的表达抑制EMT,进而抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移能力.     

The role of desmoglein 2 and E-cadherin in the invasion and motility of human breast cancer cells

Loss of adhesion is a fundamental step in the metastatic cascade. Desmosomal cadherins, Desmoglein (Dsg) and Desmocollin (Dsc) are a novel group of adhesion molecules. Aims were to demonstrate expression of Dsg2 and E-cadherin in breast cancer cells and assess their role in invasion and motility. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to demonstrate expression of Dsg2 and E-cadherin in 3 breast cancer cell lines (MDA MB 231, MCF7 and BT474). Functional studies included cell-cell aggregation, in vitro invasion and colloidal gold phagokinetic tracking assays. All 3 cell lines expressed Dsg2. MCF7 and BT474 cells were E-cadherin positive, MDA 231 was negative. Cell aggregation was reduced, in vitro invasion and motility were increased in Dsg2 or E-cadherin Mab pre-treated cells. Dsg2 present in breast cancer cells may act as a tumour suppressor molecule.     

乳腺癌细胞系中肿瘤干细胞相关亚群的初步研究

目的 通过乳腺癌细胞系及其干细胞的培养,化疗药干预和流式细胞仪筛选鉴定,探讨不同乳腺癌细胞系中CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞比例,及富集乳腺癌干细胞相关亚群的方法。方法 通过细胞培养乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、MDA-MB-231,观察生长曲线,比较化疗药物干预下生长情况;利用流式细胞仪检测两种乳腺癌细胞系中CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞比例;无血清悬浮培养,化疗药(多西紫杉醇、表阿霉素)干预这两种乳腺癌细胞系,观察其是否形成细胞球。结果 (1)MDA-MB-231细胞系倍增时间短,生长速率高于MCF-7细胞系;(2)MCF-7细胞系中可能存在较大比例肿瘤干细胞,其对化疗抵制,能自我更新;(3)化疗敏感性用两独立样本t检验,MCF-7细胞,差异没有统计学意义;MDA-MB-231细胞,差异有统计学意义,提示MDA-MB-231细胞系对该方案化疗较敏感;(4)无血清悬浮培养,MDA-MB-231细胞系未发现明显细胞球;MCF-7细胞系初次无血清培养约6天出现细胞球。加入化疗药筛选后两种细胞,见大部分肿瘤细胞逐渐死亡,未发现明显细胞球;(5)流式细胞仪检测,MCF-7、MDA-MB-231两种细胞系中主要是CD44⁺CD24⁺亚群和CD44^-CD24⁺亚群,CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞比例分别2.07%和0.20%。结论 (1)MDA-MB-231细胞系增值较快,恶性度相对较高,其对TA联合化疗药物较敏感;MCF-7细胞系中可能存在少量肿瘤干细胞,对化疗抵制,能自我更新;(2)无血清培养液培养MCF-7细胞系能形成悬浮细胞球;流式细胞仪检测两种细胞系中CD44⁺CD24^-/low细胞比例小;(3)CD44⁺CD24^-/low表型可能不是乳腺癌干细胞唯一特异性的表面标志。     

Huaier aqueous extract inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis

Aqueous extract of Trametes robiniophila murr (Huaier) has been commonly used in China for cancer complementary therapy in recent years; however, the mechanisms of its anticancer effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we aim to investigate its inhibitory effect on both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and explore the possible mechanisms of its anticancer effect. Cell viability and motility were measured by MTT and invasive assays, migration and scratch assays in vitro, respectively. The distribution of cell cycle, PI‐Annexin‐V staining and Rhodamine 123 assay were analyzed by flow cytometry, and western blot were used to test the apoptotic pathways. We found that Huaier extract could strongly inhibit cell viability of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner; however, MDA‐MB‐231 cells showed more susceptibility to the treatment. Furthermore, cell invasiveness and migration were also suppressed with exposure to Huaier extract. We also indicated that Huaier could induce G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest, p53 accumulation and activation selectively in MCF‐7 cells. Inspiringly, the PI‐Annexin‐V staining assay and western blot analysis confirmed cell apoptosis executed by caspase‐3. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by Rhodamine 123 assay and down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 and up‐regulation of BCL2‐associated X protein (BAX) indicated that Huaier induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Caspase activation during Huaier‐induced apoptosis was confirmed by pan‐caspase inhibitor, Z‐VAD‐fmk. As expected, the inhibitor decreased Huaier‐induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Based on our findings, Huaier can induce cell apoptosis in both ER‐positive and ER‐negative breast cancer cell lines and is an effective complementary agent for breast cancer treatment. (Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 2375–2383)     

HYAL1 overexpression is correlated with the malignant behavior of human breast cancer

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is closely correlated with tumor cell growth, proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis, etc. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a component of the ECM, and hyaluronidase (HAase) is a HA‐degrading endoglycosidase. Levels of HAase are elevated in many cancers. Hyaluronidase‐1 (HYAL1) is the major tumor‐derived HAase. In this study, we detected HYAL1 expression levels in breast cancer cells and tissues, and measured the amount HAase activity in breast cancer cells. Compared with nonmalignant breast cell line HBL‐100 and normal breast tissues, HYAL1 were overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, invasive duct cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes, respectively. Accordingly, the amount HAase activity in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 was higher than that in HBL‐100. In addition, knockdown of HYAL1 expression in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells resulted in decreased cell growth, adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis potential. Meantime, the HYAL1 knockdown markedly inhibited breast cancer cell xenograft tumor growth and microvessel density. Further studies showed that the HYAL1, HYAL2 and HA were elevated in breast cancer, and HYAL1 could downregulate HA expression. In conclusion, HYAL1 may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.