用SAS程序编制简略寿命表及去死因寿命表

文献 [1]介绍了蒋庆琅用 FORTRANIV语言实现简略寿命表编制的程序 ,但由于该程序语言不够普及 ,使用起来有许多不便。文献 [2 ]介绍了用 EXCEL 编制简略寿命表的方法 ,采用交互式操作 ,步聚较多 ,容易出错。文献 [3]也介绍了用 SAS软件编制简略寿命表的程序 ,但未能提供编制去死因寿命表及实现寿命表指标分析作图的程序。为此 ,本文用文献 [4]的一个实例介绍用 SAS软件实现简略寿命表及去死因寿命表的编制 ,并实现其作图的编程方法。1　编程思想及说明　在表 1和表 2程序中 ,0 1行是选择打印宽度为 12 8,以便打印出完整的表格。 0 2…     

四川省宣汉县人口寿命表动态分析

本文利用四川省宣汉县四次人口普查资料,用蒋氏法编制出男女性简略寿命表,并对寿命表中主要指标进行动态分析,以了解该县四十年来居民健康状况的变化。     

大兴安岭林区居民简略寿命表(1974年～1976年)

寿命表的方法能够合理的表达出某时某地人口的死亡过程、寿命情况以及“生存能力”的特点。大兴安岭是1964年开发建设的新林区。作者根据全省死因调查中大兴安岭林区的资料编制了大兴安岭林区居民简略寿命表,做为反映林区人民健康状况的一个重要侧面。     

2010年塘沽地区居民期望寿命及去死因期望寿命分析

近年来,塘沽地区居民生活水平迅速提高,生活方式、居民疾病谱及死因谱也发生了明显改变.本研究中我们采用编制简略寿命表及去死因简略寿命表的方法计算居民的期望寿命,分析其主要影响因素和死因,为评价健康水平、卫生决策和疾病防控提供数据支持及科学依据.     

武威市1981～1989年居民寿命表对比分析

为了揭示我市居民的健康状况，本文对武威市1981～1989年居民简略寿命表作了对比分析。寿命表年龄别人口及死亡人口均来自第三、第四次人口普查。寿命表编制采用杨树勤主编《卫生统计学》介绍的方法。     

基于南通市人口数据的Elandt-Johnson模型法完全寿命表推算研究

目的 探索Elandt-Johnson模型法推算完全寿命表的效果。方法 以南通市2020年1月1日至12月31日年龄别死亡率为实例构建简略寿命表和实际完全寿命表,采用Elandt-Johnson模型将简略寿命表推算成完全寿命表,将推算的完全寿命表死亡率、尚存人数等指标与实际完全寿命表进行拟合,并比较推算完全寿命表和实际完全寿命表的期望寿命。 结果 采用Elandt-Johnson模型推算的年龄别死亡率、尚存人数与实际年龄别死亡率、尚存人数拟合度较好,决定系数分别为0.9328、0.9050,由推算的尚存人数计算的期望寿命(83.03岁)与实际期望寿命(83.23岁)非常接近。结论 Elandt-Johnson模型可以将简略寿命表推算出较准确的完全寿命表,可用于南通市完全寿命表的推算。     

温岭市居民去死因寿命表分析

目的分析2007年温岭市居民期望寿命及主要死因对期望寿命的损耗情况。方法按蒋庆琅法,用Excel软件计算和编制简略寿命表及去死因简略寿命表。结果2007年温岭市居民期望寿命为77.20岁（男性74.85岁,女性79.77岁）。对期望寿命损耗,以恶性肿瘤最严重,男性为4.42岁,女性为2.81岁。恶性肿瘤对男女性期望寿命的损耗,均以肺癌最严重（男性1.15岁,女性0.52岁）。结论延长温岭市居民期望寿命的关键是对慢性非传染性疾病的控制,而提倡健康的生活方式是最重要的措施。     

现时寿命表的编制与展望

本文综述了完全现时寿命表和简略现时寿命表的常用编制方法,并在比较分析的基础之上,指出了诸方法各自的优缺点,最后指出,编制寿命的关键在于如何将中心死亡率nmx按概率调整为nqx,但众多方法所得结果差异不大,因此,不妨采用较易理解,计算简便的方法,以利实际推广使用。     

江苏五城市1990—1999年汽车驾驶员截缩简略寿命表

目的 为了解汽车驾驶员的健康状况。本文以同行业非驾驶员寿命表作为对照。编制了1990-1999年间江苏省五个城市汽车驾驶员截缩简略寿命表。方法 采用Reed-Merrell方法编制截缩简略寿命表,高年龄组lx用Makeham-Gompertz公式估计;采用标准人口调整死亡率;运用平均预期寿命数列损失寿命的方法计算年龄段损失寿命和累计损失寿命。结果 驾驶员调整死亡率为10.30‰,是对照的1.54倍;驾驶员在20周岁时平均预期寿命为55.36岁,较同期对照组低0.70岁;与对照组相比,驾驶员的死亡概率nqx呈“两头低,中间高”;恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病与心血管疾病是危害驾驶员健康的主要疾病;45岁以后驾驶员与对照组累计损失寿命之差值呈上升之趋势。结论 驾驶员进入中年后的死亡风险增加,健康水平下降。值得重视。     

输精管结扎人群的死亡和寿命的统计方法

研究输精管结扎术后人群死亡和寿命是一个重要课题。＂结扎＂作为一个因素,与人群死亡、寿命关系至今还不十分明确。为研究该人群死亡、寿命,本文提出去某因素简略寿命表法,用于非结扎人群寿命表资料分析;提出截缩蒋庆琅简略寿命表法,用于分析结扎与非结扎人群寿命,并可对死亡概率作假设检验;提出对用于衡量某个死因对一定年龄范围内某一人群危害程度的指标ＰＹＬＬ,推广到考虑具有某因素的人群,该因素可否是影响＂早死＂原因;本文还提出综合分析。     

Likelihood of using food stamps during the adulthood years

OBJECTIVE: The Food Stamp Program represents the cornerstone of the federal nutrition assistance safety net. This article estimates the likelihood that Americans will use such food assistance at some point during their adulthood. The probability and duration of food stamp use are estimated for the population as a whole and for differences in race, education, and gender. Based on these food stamp percentages, a lower boundary is also estimated with regard to the life course risk of food insecurity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND ANALYSIS: Thirty waves (1968 to 1997) of the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data set were merged for analysis. Food stamp use is defined as an individual being in a household that has used the Food Stamp Program at some point during the year. Approximately 260 000 person-years of information on food stamp use are analyzed using both life table techniques and logit modeling. RESULTS: Between the ages of 20 and 65, slightly over half (50.8%) of all Americans will, at some point, receive food stamps. Use of the program takes place over relatively short periods of time but typically recurs at several points in the life course. Race and education exert a profound influence on the odds of program participation. Based on the life course patterns of food stamp use, it is estimated that at least 42% of the American population will experience food insecurity at some point between the ages of 20 and 65. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The overall life course patterns reveal a substantial need and use of food stamps within the US population. These results also suggest a significant risk of food insecurity across the life course. The implications for nutritionists are discussed.     

基于野战RFID医疗卡读写器的使用设计

目的：实现RFID医疗卡信息的编辑、采集和传递,便于与野战信息管理系统信息平台互动。方法：采用C#语言编写程序,与RFID专用读写器结合,借助于无线射频识别技术进行信息传输。结果：对基于RFID技术的医疗卡格式化,信息输入、采集、修改以及与PC无线局域网连接进行了尝试,解决了伤员信息后送问题。结论：该野战医疗卡读写器在大规模演练中投入试用,收到了满意效果。     

Analysis of contraceptive failure data in intrauterine device studies. Modern competing risks approach

The life table method used heretofore in case of intrauterine device (IUD) failure data requires grouping of data into intervals. If the termination times are recorded exactly along with the reason of termination, grouping of data results in some loss of information. Modern competing risks techniques are suggested here for the exact IUD failure data. The uses of cumulative incidence functions, which are essentially the quantity given by Potter’s net rate, and cause-specific hazard rates are stressed. Also, this paper focuses on the flaws of life table estimates of net and gross rates, which have been widely used during the past three decades in the analysis of contraceptive failures. The methods suggested in this paper can be used in any other situation where the failure times and reasons of failure are recorded.     

A box-graph method for illustrating relative-size relationships in a 2 x 2 table

The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator proportions in each group. In the second method, the numbers are arranged as four squares, proportionately sized according to the square root of each number, and contiguously adjacent to a central reference point. The methods offer a pictorial format for showing contingency counts in a manner analogous to the graphs used for other forms of data.     

Berkson-Gage寿命表与无校正寿命表

目的 本文提出无校正寿命表,并同Ｂｅｔｒｋｓｏｎ－Ｇａｇｅ寿命表作以比较,方法 构造,除在计算条件死亡概率时不作处于危险数校正外,与Ｂｅｒｋｓｏｎ－Ｇａｇｅ寿命表相同。结果 两者都有还原性;前者有自相容性,后者没有：前者几乎无偏性,后者严重低估;前者比后者有效。结论：建议用无校正寿命表取代Ｂｅｒｋｓｏｎ－Ｇａｇｅ寿命表。     

From Biological to Program Efficacy: Promoting Dialogue among the Research,Policy, and Program Communities

The biological efficacy of nutritional supplements to complement usual diets in poor populations is well established. This knowledge rests on decades of methodologic research development and, more recently, on codification of methods to compile and interpret results across studies. The challenge now is to develop implementation (delivery) science knowledge and achieve a similar consensus on efficacy criteria for the delivery of these nutrients by public health and other organizations. This requires analysis of the major policy instruments for delivery and well-designed program delivery studies that examine the flow of a nutrient through a program impact pathway. This article discusses the differences between biological and program efficacy, and why elucidating the fidelity of delivery along the program impact pathways is essential for implementing a program efficacy trial and for assessing its internal and external validity. Research on program efficacy is expanding, but there is a lack of adequate frameworks to facilitate the process of harmonizing concepts and vocabulary, which is essential for communication among scientists, policy planners, and program implementers. There is an urgent need to elaborate these frameworks at national and program levels not only for program efficacy studies but also for the broader research agenda to support and improve the science of delivering adequate nutrition to those who need it most.     

Resident physicians' life expectancy estimates and colon cancer screening recommendations in elderly patients

BACKGROUND: Colon cancer screening recommendations for patients aged 75 years and older should account for variation in older adults' health states, life expectancies, and potential to benefit from screening. PURPOSE: To assess if resident physicians incorporate health state and life expectancy information when making recommendations about colon cancer screening for adults aged 75 years and older. METHODS: Resident physicians at a university internal medicine program completed a survey in which they made life expectancy estimates and screening recommendations for hypothetical 75- and 85-year-old women patients with good, fair, or poor health states. Outcomes of interest included accuracy of residents' life expectancy estimates (compared with life table data), effect of health state and life expectancy on screening recommendations, and whether providing life table information affected the initial screening recommendation for the 85-year-old hypothetical patients. RESULTS: Residents' life expectancy estimates demonstrated moderate agreement with life table estimates. Their recommendations for colon cancer screening for the 75-year-old patient vignettes varied appropriately by health state and by their estimates of life expectancy. Receiving information about life expectancy from life tables affected residents' recommendations for one of the three 85-year-old hypothetical patients, the woman in good health. Many resident physicians reported uncertainty about the potential to benefit from screening for each patient scenario. CONCLUSIONS: Resident physicians appropriately used life expectancy and health state to make colon cancer screening recommendations for older adults. Residents reported substantial uncertainty with regard to the potential benefit of screening.     

Multiple test analyzer (MTA): a microcomputer program for determining preferred strategies with two diagnostic tests

There are ten distinct management strategies in clinical situations that involve two diagnostic tests with dichotomous outcomes. The authors describe a microcomputer program, based on a previously described model, that can be used to identify test and test-treatment thresholds and to compute preferred strategies. The program provides tables and graphs of the results, which can be viewed or printed, and there is an optimization routine that facilitates comprehensive analysis. It can be used by decision-analytic researchers and policy analysts, medical educators who teach decision analysis, and clinicians who use decision analysis in their practices.     

基于上海高校医学期刊的统计图表应用现况及质量评价研究

目的 评价医学论著中统计图表的应用状况以及质量。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法 ,对论著基本信息、图表应用现况、图表质量和图的类型进行统计分析。结果 含有图表的论著以小样本研究为主,SPSS是使用最多的软件。统计图表使用率为48.40%,临床类论著图表使用率最高(60.11%)。统计表总体使用率为45.5%,2011—2015年统计表数量和含有统计表的论著数量均有下降趋势(P=0.034)。统计表正确率为25.09%,缺陷主要集中在同指标小数位数不一致和数值数据没有右对齐的问题。统计图总体使用率较低(12%),统计图中带区间的直条图使用率最高(33.14%)。统计图正确率为57.7%,在视觉清晰度和特殊标准上存在较大缺陷。结论 医学论著结果 呈现依然以统计表为主,统计图质量高于统计表。