重症肌无力患者外周血单个核细胞IFN-γ及IL-4的研究

目的　探讨重症肌无力 ( MG)患者乙酰胆碱受体 ( ACh R)特异性 T细胞免疫应答及其与乙酰胆碱受体抗体 ( ACh RAb)间的关系。方法　应用体外细胞培养和 ELISA方法检测 MG患者外周血单个核细胞 ( PBMNC)经 ACh R刺激后产生 IFN-γ和 IL-4的水平。结果　 MG患者 IFN-γ和 IL-4的诱生水平均比对照组明显升高( P<0 .0 1 ) ;ACh RAb阳性组 MG患者 IFN-γ和 IL-4的诱生水平明显高于 ACh RAb阴性组 ( P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。结论　MG患者无论为 ACh RAb阳性或阴性 ,均存在 ACh R特异性 T细胞激活 ,IFN-γ和 IL-4均与自身抗体的产生有关。     

多发性硬化患者周围血IFN-γ和IL-10分泌细胞数的改变

目的:观察多发性硬化(MS)患者分泌γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及白介素-10(IL-10)的细胞数的变化。方法:采用酶联免疫斑点技术比较MS患者、其他神经疾病患者和健康对照组外周血中髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)、植物血凝素(PHA)反应性及自发性分泌IFN-γ和IL-10的细胞数。结果:MS患者周围血单个核细胞中自发性分泌IFN-γ的细胞数和自发性分泌IL-10的细胞数多于其他神经系统疾病患者和健康对照组。经过MBP刺激后,MS患者分泌IFN-γ和IL-10的细胞数明显多于其他神经系统疾病患者和健康对照组。MS患者周围血细胞对MBP存在特异性反应。MS患者分泌IFN-γ的细胞数多于分泌IL-10的细胞数。结论:Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ)分泌大于Th2类细胞因子(IL-10)与MS活动密切相关。MS患者的淋巴细胞对MBP存在特异性反应。     

地塞米松对多发性硬化细胞因子的影响

目的:多发性硬化(MS)是一种由Th1细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病,因而减少T细胞产生γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)或增加白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的产生将会达到治疗MS的目的。通过计数分泌细胞因子IFN-γ和IL一10,检测多发性硬化(MS)患者外周血单个核细胞在地塞米松(Dex)影响下的IFN-γ和IL-10的分泌细胞水平。方法:将外周血单个核细胞暴露于中枢神经系统髓鞘索抗原髓鞘碱性蛋白进行体外短时间培养,然后用Dex作对比试验,用酶联免疫斑点试验(ELISPOT)检测IL-10和IFN-γ分泌细胞,同时检测其它神经病组(OND)及健康对照组。结果:显示MS患者IFN-γ分泌细胞水平高于对照组,Dex使MS患者IFN-γ分泌细胞减少,对IL-10分泌细胞无明显影响。结论:MS患者存在Th1/Th2细胞因子的失衡,Dex能抑制MS Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ,恢复其两类细胞因子之间的平衡而对MS患者产生治疗作用。     

地塞米松对MS的IFN-γ-10分泌性T细胞的影响

目的检测多发性硬化(MS)患者外周血单个核细胞在地塞米松(Dex)影响下的IFN-γ和IL-10的分泌细胞水平.方法采用酶联免疫斑点技术(ELISPOT)检测体外培养的外周血单个核细胞(MNC)在CNS髓鞘素抗原MBP刺激下的地塞米松对照试验,检测IFN-γ和IL-10分泌性T细胞水平,并与其他神经疾病(OND)组及健康对照组的检测结果进行对比.结果显示MS患者IFN-γ分泌细胞水平高于对照组,Dex使MS患者IFN-γ分泌细胞减少,对IL-10分泌细胞无明显影响.结论MS患者存在Th1/Th2细胞因子的失衡,Dex能抑制MSTh1类细胞因子IFN-γ,其治疗作用可能与此有关.     

地塞米松对MS的IFN-γ及IL-10分泌性T细胞的影响

目的　检测多发性硬化 (MS)患者外周血单个核细胞在地塞米松 (Dex)影响下的 IFN- γ和 IL- 10的分泌细胞水平。方法　采用酶联免疫斑点技术 (EL ISPOT)检测体外培养的外周血单个核细胞 (MNC)在 CNS髓鞘素抗原 MBP刺激下的地塞米松对照试验 ,检测 IFN -γ和 IL - 10分泌性 T细胞水平 ,并与其他神经疾病 (OND)组及健康对照组的检测结果进行对比。结果　显示 MS患者 IFN- γ分泌细胞水平高于对照组 ,Dex使 MS患者 IFN- γ分泌细胞减少 ,对 IL- 10分泌细胞无明显影响。结论　MS患者存在 Th1/ Th2细胞因子的失衡 ,Dex能抑制 MS Th1类细胞因子 IFN- γ,其治疗作用可能与此有关。     

重症肌无力胸腺单个核细胞白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-10及其mRNA水平的变化

目的　研究重症肌无力 ( myasthenia gravis,MG)患者胸腺是否存在辅助性 T细胞 ( Th)亚群的免疫活性紊乱。方法　利用亲和层析法自人腓肠肌纯化获得乙酰胆碱受体 ( ACh R)并进行了鉴定 ,然后用其作为特异性抗原 ,经体外培养刺激 5例 MG患者胸腺和外周血单个核细胞 ,酶联免疫吸附分析 ( ELISA)法检测上清液中白细胞介素 -2 ( IL-2 )、白细胞介素 -1 0 ( IL-1 0 )水平 ,狭缝印迹杂交法检测 MG胸腺及外周血 IL-1 0 m RNA的表达。结果　MG胸腺和外周血经 ACh R刺激后 ,其上清液 IL-2水平略高于对照组 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,经 ELISA法和狭缝印迹杂交法发现 MG外周血 IL-1 0及其 m RNA表达水平均略高于对照组 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,胸腺则明显高于对照组( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 MG发病过程中 IL-1 0的异常增高可能发生于转录或转录以上水平 ,其异常表达的机制有待于进一步研究。     

重症肌无力患者末梢血Th1和Th2细胞内细胞因子的变化及意义

目的研究重症肌无力(MG)患者末梢血细胞因子及抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRab)水平,探讨细胞因子在MG发病中的作用。方法研究对象为17例MG患者,分为急性期组10例,非急性期组7例,设健康对照组15例。应用流式细胞术(FCM)测定末梢血产生各型细胞因子(CK)的CD4+T细胞%,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清中抗乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AchRab)。结果⑴MG患者急性期组和非急性期组IFN-γ+IL-4-CD4+T细胞%及AchRab的含量比健康对照组显著增多(P<0.05和P<0.001);⑵急性期组和非急性期组IFN-γ-IL-4+和IL-13+CD4+T细胞%比健康对照组显著减少(P<0.05);⑶IL-10+CD4+T细胞%各组之间无显著性差异;⑷各组IFN-γ+IL-4-CD4+T细胞%与AchRab均呈正相关。结论MG患者Th1和Th2细胞因子的平衡紊乱,Th1细胞因子IFN-γ对MG患者自身抗体的产生有促进作用。     

重症肌无力胸腺和外周血抗原特异性单个核细胞IFN-γ、IL-4的转录及表达

目的为了解重症肌无力(MG)胸腺细胞免疫状态,对10例行胸腺摘除(Tx)的MG患者及4例先天性心脏病行开胸手术患者的胸腺和外周血单个核细胞经特异性抗原乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)刺激后,其细胞IFN-γ和IL-4的mRNA转录和细胞培养上清液中的蛋白表达情况进行了检测.方法采用RT-PCR结合狭缝印迹杂交检测IFN-γ、IL-4 mRNA转录,采用ELISA检测IFN-γ和IL-4的表达情况.结果 10例MG患者的胸腺和外周血单个核细胞经AChR刺激后IFN-γ和IL-4的mRNA转录增高,其中8例胸腺增生者胸腺细胞和外周血细胞的IFN-γ mRNA转录、外周血细胞的IFN-γ表达均高于健康对照组(P＜0.05);胸腺细胞IL-4 mRNA转录和表达均高于健康对照,差异有显著性(分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05),而外周血细胞IL-4 mRNA转录和表达与健康对照差异无显著性(P＞0.05);另2例伴胸腺瘤者,此两种细胞因子无论mRNA转录还是蛋白表达均很低.外周血细胞与胸腺细胞IL-4 mRNA转录有一定的相关性,基本反映胸腺的免疫学变化.结论胸腺增生MG患者的细胞免疫(Th1和Th2)高度活跃,PBMC的有些免疫学参数能反映MG患者胸腺的免疫学改变,但有待进一步累积更多资料.伴胸腺增生与伴胸腺瘤的MG发病机制可能不同,Tx是必要的.     

多发性硬化患者IFN-γ及IL-10分泌性T细胞的变化

目的　通过计数促炎症性细胞因子IFN γ及抗炎症性细胞因子IL 10分泌性T细胞数目 ,观察多发性硬化 (MS)患者此两类细胞因子 (CK)的变化。方法　采用酶联免疫斑点 (Elispot)技术检测MS患者、其他神经疾病 (OND)患者及正常对照组 (NC)外周血 (PB)及脑脊液 (CSF)中MBP及其他抗原反应性IFN γ和IL 10分泌性T细胞数目 ,并对活动期与缓解期MS及甲基强的松龙 (MP)冲击疗法前后MS患者PB中两种CK分泌性T细胞数目进行了比较。结果　活动期MS患者PB及CSF中IFN γ及IL 10分泌性T细胞数目较OND及NC组明显增多 (P <0 0 5) ,CSF中MBP反应性T细胞差异更为显著 (P <0 0 1)。MS患者PB中IL 10分泌性T细胞数在缓解期较活动期明显升高 (P <0 0 5)。MP治疗后IFN γ分泌性T细胞数目明显减少 ,而IL 10分泌细胞数目明显增多 (P <0 0 1)。结论　在MS发病机制中IFN γ起促进作用 ,而IL 10有保护作用 ,是促、抗炎症性CK的比值而非按顺序的表达决定MS的活动性。MP疗法的部分机制可能是调节CK网络的平衡     

甲基强的松龙治疗实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎的作用机制

目的:研究细胞因子、T细胞凋亡和淋巴细胞增殖在实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)形成中的作用及甲基强的松龙(MP)治疗EAE的作用机制。方法:采用人脑纯化的髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)与完全福氏佐剂免疫Lewis大鼠,建立EAE动物模型。用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清中IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ的含量:流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞凋亡;3H-TdR释放法检测外周血淋巴细胞转化率。结果:与对照组比较,EAE组的外周血IFN-γ、TNF-α水平明显增高,IL-10水平明显降低,MP治疗后IFN-γ和TNF-α水平下降,IL-10浓度上调。MP还诱导外周血T细胞凋亡和抑制MBP致敏淋巴细胞增殖并呈剂量依赖性。结论:应用人MBP成功建立EAE大鼠模型,MP可能通过调节Th细胞因子格局、促进Th2细胞因子分泌、抑制MBP致敏淋巴细胞增殖及外周血T细胞凋亡而发挥治疗多发性硬化的作用。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。