氧化锌软膏对预防小儿腹泻引起红臀的疗效观察

目的氧化锌软膏针对腹泻患儿预防红臀的效果观察。方法在2009年入住广东省深圳市龙岗区南湾人民医院的腹泻患儿中选择符合条件的患儿97例,随机分为用氧化锌软膏进行干预的治疗组48例,对照组49例,进行统计学分析。结果治疗组48例,发生红臀3例（6.25%）;对照组49例,发生红臀12例（24.49%）。结论氧化锌软膏对预防小儿红臀具有效果。     

224例新生儿红臀分度治疗的效果观察

目的观察新生儿红臀分度治疗护理的效果。方法将224例新生儿红臀根据皮肤病变程度分为轻度及重度（I～Ⅲ度）,分别采用外搽0．5％聚维酮碘、呋喃西林氧化锌搽剂、复方曲安奈德乳膏和湿润烧伤膏。结果轻度红臀24h内显效,1～2d治愈;重度红臀24h内有效,2～4d治愈。结论按新生儿红臀分度治疗与护理,可缩短治疗时间,提高治愈率。     

3M皮肤保护膜喷雾剂在腹泻患儿红臀护理中的应用

目的:探讨3M皮肤保护膜喷雾剂在腹泻患儿红臀护理中的应用及临床效果。方法:将86例腹泻红臀患儿随机分为实验组和对照组各43例,对照组采用氧化锌软膏护理患处,实验组采用3M皮肤保护膜喷雾剂护理患处。观察比较两组护理效果。结果:实验组护理效果优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:3M皮肤保护膜喷雾剂应用于腹泻患儿红臀护理,其疗效优于氧化锌软膏,可提高护理质量及患者满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

desitin护臀膏和造瘘口护肤粉联合在新生儿臀红中的应用

目的探讨desitin护臀膏和造瘘口护肤粉治疗新生儿臀红的效果。方法将臀红新生儿68例随机分成两组,对照组33例使用百多邦,实验组35例使用desitin护臀膏和造瘘口护肤粉,观察并比较两组疗效。结果实验组护理治愈率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 desitin护臀膏联合造瘘口护肤粉护理新生儿臀红效果优于使用百多邦,且效果好,无不良反应,操作简单,值得推广。     

呋喃西林擦剂治疗婴幼儿红臀的效果观察

[目的]探讨呋喃西林擦剂治疗婴幼儿红臀的疗效。[方法]将78例红臀患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组局部外涂鞣酸软膏,观察组局部采用我院自制呋喃西林擦剂外涂,比较两组总有效率及痊愈时间。[结果]观察组总有效率为95.2%,对照组总有效率为77.8%,两组总有效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察痊愈时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]采用自制的呋喃西林擦剂治疗婴幼儿红臀效果优于应用外涂鞣酸软膏。     

腹泻患者早期使用呋喃西林氧化锌油保护肛周皮肤13例的效果观察

我院自2008—09／2008—12对13名腹泻患者采用腹泻早期使用呋喃西林氧化锌油进行肛周皮肤护理,并进行临床观察,现总结如下。     

湿润烧伤膏预防脊柱后路手术中压疮的效果

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏（MEBO）体表涂抹对脊柱后路俯卧位手术皮肤损伤的预防效果。方法将120例脊柱后路手术患者随机分为对照组和实验组,各60例,对照组采用常规护理,实验组在常规护理的基础上于受压部位采用湿润烧伤膏涂抹,比较两组患者皮肤受损情况。结果经参照单位（Ridit）分析表明,与对照组皮肤受压水平情况比较,实验组平均R值为0．892,两组间总体皮肤受压水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组中手术后30min内,皮肤压红完全消退且恢复正常的有20例（33．3％）,少于实验组的36例（60．0％）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=17．625,P〈0．01）。对照组的患者有2例发生水疱,实验组患者则无水疱发生。结论对脊柱后路手术患者采取在受压部位涂抹湿润烧伤膏的方法进行皮肤保护,可明显减少皮肤损伤,有效预防压疮形成。     

维生素AD滴剂与红汞混合液在红臀患者中的应用

目的观察维生素AD滴剂与红汞混合液和红霉素软膏配合烤灯对于红臀患者的治疗效果。方法本组共60例患者,采取随机分组的方法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。两组均在烤灯照射后进行药剂涂抹治疗,观察组采用维生素AD滴剂与红汞混合液涂抹患部皮肤,对照组采用红霉素软膏涂抹患部皮肤,比较两组的治疗效果。结果两组患者红臀开始消退需要护理次数和红臀完全消退时间对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组效果明显优于对照组。结论采用维生素AD滴剂与红汞混合液并配合烤灯治疗红臀,简单方便,价格便宜,值得在临床护理中推广使用。     

肛周吹氧联合复方氧化锌软膏治疗对小儿臀红的影响

探讨肛周吹氧联合复方氧化锌软膏治疗对小儿臀红的影响。将60例小儿臀红患儿按入院单双日随机分为观察组和对照组各30例。观察组更换尿片时先用温水清洗肛周皮肤和肛周吹氧,再采用复方氧化锌软膏外涂肛周皮肤治疗;对照组更换尿片时用温水清洗肛周皮肤后,再采用金霉素眼膏外涂肛周皮肤治疗。观察两组的临床疗效及痊愈时间。观察组痊愈28例,好转2例,有效率达100%,对照组痊愈16例,好转6例,无效8例,有效率为73%;观察组创面愈合时间(3.42±1.15)d相对对照组(5.35±1.08)d比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。肛周吹氧联合复方氧化锌软膏治疗小儿尿布皮炎,能起到收敛、保护及干燥的作用,改善局部血液循环,促进皮肤黏膜的愈合,对治疗小儿重度臀红疗效好,值得在临床上推广。     

中药护臀液治疗新生儿红臀

目的：观察中药护臀液对新生儿红臀的临床疗效。方法：新生儿红臀100例，均为住院患儿，随机分为中药组和对照组各50例，中药组采用中药制作的护臀液涂抹患儿的臀部和会阴部；对照组使用红汞和鱼肝油的混合液涂抹患处，2组均每日2次，并观察疗效。结果：2组比较，轻型和中型患儿1d及2d治愈率中药组均明显高于对照组（97．3％、80．0％与58．9％、33．3％，P〈0．01），且中药组的治愈天数明显低于对照组（4d、8d，P〈0．01）。结论：中药护臀液治疗新生儿红臀无毒副作用，疗效明显。     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Activity of amikacin and ampicillin in succession and in combination

One strain each of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis were exposed to amikacin and ampicillin in combination as well as in succession. Exposure to ampicillin for 1 hr followed by amikacin for 3 or 4 hr had the greatest antibacterial activity when the antibiotics were applied in succession. The least effective exposures for both organisms were 1 hr to amikacin followed by 3 or 4 hr to ampicillin. Exposure to the antibiotics in combination each at 1 MIC had the overall greatest antibacterial activity. Simultaneous exposure to the antibiotic combination does not necessarily mean simultaneous activity of both ampicillin and amikacin on the E. coli. The cell wall autolytic activities produced by ampicillin are triggered within 10 min after physical contact with the bacteria. In contrast, amikacin requires at least 30 min after physical contact to manifest its activity on the ribosome. Although physical exposure to both antibiotics in the combination is simultaneous, the specific activity of each is in fact sequential, with ampicillin acting first. This explains the synergistic effect of the combination. It appears, therefore, that the synergistic or antagonistic affect of a drug combination is determined by the sequence and timing of the antibacterial manifestations of its components.     

纤维支气管镜在儿童咯血诊断与治疗中的应用

目的 评价纤维支气管镜术在儿童咯血病因诊断及治疗中的价值以及安全性.方法 应用用日本产Olympus BF 3c-40纤维支气管镜(最小外径3.6 mm)给58名咯血原因不明的患者行纤维支气管镜检查,并予镜下局部止血治疗.判断出血部位、观察病变情况和出血的原因、临床表现、其他辅助检查、治疗及转归等进行综合分析.结果 引起咯血的主要疾病为气管支气管、肺部的炎症24例(41.3%)、支气管内膜结核12例(20.7%)、支气管异物8例(13.7%)、特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症7例(12.1%)、支气管扩张4例(6.9%)、心肺血管发育异常1例,原因不明2例.诊断阳性率为96.5%.镜下发现有活动性出血18例,镜下局部止血治疗后显效者10例,有效者8例,有效率为100%.术中并发短暂低氧血症(SaO2＜85%,＜20 s)15例,加大吸氧流量后均改善;术后发热3例均为低热,24 h后热退.结论 纤维支气管镜检查可明确出血部位及原因并可进行局部治疗,且安全的有效.     

Sites of in vivo extraction and interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione in dogs

The interconversion and extraction of testosterone and androstenedione across and within different tissues or areas have been studied by the constant infusion technique. The results were calculated using the (3)H/(14)C ratios and radioactive concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione obtained from afferent and efferent blood and tissues at equilibrium. In each tissue studied, the interconversion between testosterone and androstenedione inside the tissue was significantly higher than the corresponding interconversion across the tissue. The pulmonary contribution to the total interconversion between testosterone and androstenedione was far more important than that of any of the other tissues studied. The hepatic metabolic clearance rates of testosterone and androstenedione were not different from their metabolic clearance rates in the mesenteric area. The extraction of each of these compounds, although not negligible, was lower in the kidney and the femoral bed compared with the extraction in the liver and the mesenteric area. Finally, with the possible exception of the liver, testosterone and androstenedione were more completely metabolized when they originated from the cells than from afferent blood.The evaluation of these different tissue transfer constants provides more precise information concerning the relative importance of different sites in the metabolism of these interconverting hormones.     

Role of oxidants and antioxidants in atherosclerosis: results of in vitro and in vivo investigations

Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that oxidants are central in the development of atherosclerosis. Consequently, additional studies evaluated the protective effects of various natural and synthetic antioxidants, alone and in combination, with most studies focusing on alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Here, we summarize the role of oxidants in the pathomechanism of atherosclerosis. We also discuss epidemiological studies and others focused on the protective effect of vitamin E against atherosclerosis. Other antioxidants are also considered if they were included in studies involving vitamin E. The protective effect of antioxidants on atherosclerotic pathomechanisms has been confirmed in vitro, but only in some animal studies. Various epidemiological and observational studies have produced conflicting results on the protective effect of antioxidants. Most studies of primary or secondary prevention failed to show a protective effect. These conflicting results are biased by a number of factors, including differences between the study groups. Therefore, we describe these studies in detail.     

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of flunitrazepam in neonates and in infants.

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of flunitrazepam (used for sedation in neonates and infants), to determine the influence of both gestational and postnatal age on the pharmacokinetic parameters, and to analyze the relationship between the hemodynamic parameters and flunitrazepam plasma concentration. METHODS: Flunitrazepam was infused for 20 minutes as a single dose (0.2 mg x kg(-1)) and as multiple doses (0.1 mg x kg(-1)). Six to eight 1-mL blood samples were collected per patient. Flunitrazepam plasma concentration was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (25 neonates and six infants) were included in the study. Only three of them received multiple doses. After the single dose (n = 28), half-life was 22.6 +/- 7.3 hours, clearance was 0.15 +/- 0.14 L x kg x h(-1), and volume of distribution was 4.6 +/- 4.1 L x kg(-1) (mean +/- SD). Plasma clearance and volume of distribution significantly increased with postnatal age (P < .05), but no pharmacokinetic parameter varied significantly with gestational age. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased with increasing flunitrazepam plasma concentrations (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Postnatal age but not gestational age influenced flunitrazepam pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates and infants. Diastolic blood pressure was inversely correlated to flunitrazepam plasma concentration.