普胸术后再次剖胸止血11例临床分析

目的:总结普胸术后胸腔内大出血再次剖胸止血的临床资料,以便更好地预防和处理普胸术后胸腔内大出血。方法:对我院近5年普胸外科术后胸腔大出血并行再次剖胸止血的病例资料进行分析,寻找出血原因并总结治疗经验。结果:共11例普胸术后再次剖胸止血,痊愈10例,死亡1例,出血部位有切口肋间血管出血3例,壁层与纵隔胸膜广泛渗血1例,右下肺动脉干结扎线脱落1例,肋骨断端出血1例,支气管动脉出血1例,下肺韧带出血1例,食管床出血1例,纵隔手术创面出血1例,未能找到明确出血点1例。结论:关胸前仔细检查,严密止血是预防术后胸腔大出血的重要措施。及时果断地再次剖胸止血是治疗术后胸腔大出血的关键。     

胸科术后胸内出血再剖胸止血23例

目的:回顾分析我院自1987年6月～2006年6月间因胸科术后胸内大出血再次剖胸止血26例的诊断、再剖胸手术时机的掌握,以及对胸科术后胸内大出血的预防。方法:23例中男性18例,女性5例,年龄17～65岁。食管癌术后8例,纵隔肿瘤术后2例,肺切除术后9例,心脏术后4例。肋间血管出血6例,膈肌出血3例,食管床出血4例,胸壁创面渗血3例,胸骨断面后渗血2例,心包剥离面出血1例,肺动脉结扎线脱落出血1例,部位不明出血3例。其中明显活动性出血16例,占69.5%。两次手术间隔期出血总量800～1 000 ml者8例,1 000～1 500 ml者7例,1 500 ml以上者8例。出血速度达200～250 ml/h。结果:22例二次手术止血后痊愈。1例肺动脉结扎线脱落,失血速度过快,抢救不及死亡。结论:手术中检查不仔细,止血不彻底,满足于加压止血,过分依靠电灼止血是术后再出血的主要原因,术中认真操作,彻底止血,才是避免术后再出血的关键。     

冷冻对剖胸手术后镇痛效应观察

1993年10月～1994年8月,作者在关胸前采用液氮对37例剖胸患者行肋间神经、肋骨断端、胸内剥离创面和胸壁残留病灶行冷冻处理,达到术后止痛、减少渗血、减少呼吸道并发症等优良效果,现报道如下.     

胸内术后再剖胸止血21例分析

收集 1970～ 1998年胸内术后再剖胸止血的 2 1例患者 ,占普胸手术的 8.2‰。其中粘连处出血、肋间血管和支气管动脉出血为出血原因的前三位 ,认为术中止血不彻底是出血的常见原因 ,并提出剖胸的指征。     

普胸术后活动性出血再次手术的经验

目的探讨普胸术后胸内活动性出血的原因,再次手术止血的经验。方法8年来我院普胸术后活动性出血31例,并进行了再次手术治疗。结果痊愈出院28倒,1例发生脓胸厦食管瘘;死亡2例。结论对解剖部位已知血管须妥善结扎止血;特别是癌肿术中的淋巴结系统清扫,止血应彻底。采用电凝、明胶海绵、各类止血材料。游离肌肉薄片填垫缝扎、甚至可延迟关胸或顺序填塞压迫止血。活动性出血应积极再次剖胸止血,防止耽误病情、危及生命。适时手术可以减少并发症并挽救生命。     

胸外侧小切口开胸术的临床应用

目的：探讨胸外侧小切口开胸术的临床应用价值。方法：采用胸外侧斜切口,切口长10～15cm,不切断胸壁肌肉,不切除或切断肋骨。牵开肌肉,显露肋骨,根据胸内病变位置确定肋间进胸实施手术。结果：本组96例,其中包括肺叶切除术、全肺切除术及肺大疱切除术、食管癌贲门癌根治术。开关胸时间、手术失血量,较常规开胸手术少,手术时间、术后胸腔引流量及平均住院时间,和同期常规开胸手术无差别,出院时无明显术侧肩部及上肢活动受限。结论：胸外侧小切口开胸术损伤小,出血少,能达到手术显露要求,均能顺利完成目的手术,术后疼痛轻,恢复快,切口瘢痕小,具有美容特点,减轻胸壁肌肉损伤致术后长期疼痛,无患侧肩及上肢功能障碍,能提高病人术后生活质量,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

普胸手术改良术式围手术期不输血20例体会

目的：总结20例普胸手术围手术期不输血经验。方法：采用胸壁较小切口，不切断肋骨进胸，延长肋间切口以利暴露，止血应彻底。术后需禁食的患者，留置十二指肠营养管，早期管饲流质。围手术期不输血。结果：术后恢复满意，无吻合口瘘及切口感染等。手术前后血红蛋白无明显变化。结论：在良好的手术操作基础上，减少术中、术后出血，围手术期不输血是安全可行的，且不影响手术质量。     

胸内术后再次剖胸止血术中的巡回护理配合体会

胸内术后进行性血胸是一种较危急少见的并发症 ,大多是因为术中操作不当或止血不彻底所致 ,该病发病急骤 ,病情凶险 ,病人可因短时间内失血过多导致失血性休克甚至死亡。再次剖胸止血是抢救的首要措施。我院手术室 1994～1999年共配合抢救 15例胸内术后进行性血胸的患者 ,由于医护配合默契 ,手术效果良好 ,现将术中巡回护理配合体会总结如下。1　临床资料　　本组 15例 ,男 9例 ,女 6例 ,年龄为 14～ 6 5岁。病种包括肺癌、食管癌、支气管扩张症、肺结核、先天性心脏病、风湿性心脏病等。出血部位在肋间血管 2例 ,安置引流管处 1例 ,胃左血…     

普胸术后再次剖胸止血86例分析

目的探讨普胸术后胸内活动性出血的原因,预防及外科治疗指征。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2013年1月普胸术后大出血再次开胸止血治疗86例患者资料。结果全组病例均痊出院,无死亡及胸腔感染病例。结论对普胸术后发生的活动性出血应积极再次剖胸止血,床旁胸片应做为术后大出血病人常规检查。     

腋下纵行切口在胸部手术中的应用

目的：为减少胸部手术对胸壁肌肉、血管、神经的损伤，以利于术后康复和满足胸部手术野的显露。方法：采用证纵行切口施行胸内各种手术１２１例。结果：术中不切断胸大肌及背阔肌，出血少、创伤小，开胸关胸迅速，术后心肌功能扰乱轻且恢复快，刀口小且隐蔽，尤其适用于年轻女性和老年体弱患者。结论：该切口可满足多数胸内手术，尤其是各种肺叶切除和纵隔肿瘤切除。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.