A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing two hyperbaric treatment protocols for carbon monoxide poisoning.

INTRODUCTION: The optimal hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment protocol for acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is unknown. This is indicated by one study that found 18 different protocols to treat CO poisoning by North American multiplace hyperbaric facilities. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of randomizing patients to different protocols and to determine whether any large differences in clinical outcome were present between the two most common protocols. METHODS: Adult patients with accidental CO poisoning resulting in transient loss of consciousness, presentation to the emergency department within 12 hours, primary language English, high school education, and residence within 100 miles of the hyperbaric facility were recruited. Enrolled patients were randomized to one HBO2 treatment at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (atm abs) pressure with 90 minutes of 100% oxygen breathing vs. treatment by the US Air Force CO protocol (3.0 atm abs maximum pressure). A neurocognitive screening test was performed immediately after hyperbaric treatment and repeated 14-21 days later. RESULTS: From 1995 to 2002, 30 patients age 21 to 88 years were randomized, 18 to treatment at 2.4 atm abs and 12 to 3.0 atm abs. Average carboxyhemoglobin level for the population was 24.8 +/- 8.8% (mean +/- SD). Delay to hyperbaric treatment averaged 313 +/- 129 minutes. Neither variable was different between treatment groups. Six patients had abnormal neurocognitive testing immediately following hyperbaric treatment, 4 in the 2.4 atm abs group (22%) and 2 in the 3.0 atm abs group (17%) (P=0.71). One patient in each group demonstrated abnormality on delayed testing (p=0.75). One in each group did not return for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to randomize CO-poisoned patients to different hyperbaric treatment protocols. Determination of differences in efficacy between treatment protocols will require a large multicenter trial with the use of detailed neurocognitive testing.     

Partnering with a medical specialty society to perform online public health surveillance

While accidental carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is common, it is felt to be largely preventable through targeted public education. Development of effective education programs requires accurate epidemiologic information about the condition. Many acute, severe cases of CO poisoning are treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) at hospital-based facilities staffed by members of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS). In 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began sponsoring a UHMS proposal to use online reporting by UHMS members of cases treated with HBO2. This report describes development and implementation of the internet-based surveillance system, as well as its first year of operation. From August 2008 to July 2009, a total of 740 cases were reported by the 82 hyperbaric facilities participating nationwide. Extensive epidemiologic information about CO poisoning in the United States has been collected, and the utility of partnering with a medical specialty society for disease-specific surveillance demonstrated.     

Rate of delivery of hyperbaric oxygen treatments does not affect response in soft tissue radionecrosis.

BACKGROUND: Soft tissue radiation necrosis (STRN) is effectively treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO,), believed to result from stimulation ofangiogenesis in radiation-injured tissue. Thirty to forty HBO2 treatments are usually recommended for STRN. For various reasons, different hyperbaric facilities offer these treatments once or twice daily and from 5-7 days weekly. It is not known whether the clinical response differs as a result of the rate of administration of HBO2 treatments. METHODS: Details of hyperbaric treatment courses of patients treated for radiation enteritis/proctitis (n = 65) and cystitis (n = 94) at a single institution were reviewed. Outcomes were compared with the total number of HBO2 treatments administered and also rate of treatment administration. RESULTS: Responses were similar for both forms of STRN whether the patient averaged fewer or greater than 5 treatments per week, or even < or = 3 versus > or = 7 treatments weekly. Outcome did differ, however, dependant on the total number of treatments administered. Response was better in patients receiving 30 or more total treatments, as compared with fewer. CONCLUSIONS: Soft tissue radionecrosis of the gastrointestinal tract or bladder is (1) effectively treated with hyperbaric oxygen, (2) has a higher response rate if at least 30 treatments are administered, and (3) is equally responsive to rates of hyperbaric treatment ranging from 3 or fewer to 7 or more treatments per week.     

Questionnaire results of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute carbon monoxide poisoning in Japan

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning results in not only severe psychoneurological disorders, but can also cause secondary delayed psychoneurological disorders. Therefore, timely and appropriate treatment in the acute stage is crucial to prevent such direct neurological damage and secondary disorders. However, various conflicting results have been reported in studies of CO poisoning treatment, and the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2T) for CO poisoning has not been established. This retrospective multi-institutional study was performed by the questionnaire in 1667 cases of acute CO poisoning in Japan. The effectiveness of HBO2T for CO poisoning was evaluated based on prognoses in cases and various classes of hospital based on the grade of their positive stance regarding HBO2T. The results showed that the prognosis in the group treated with HBOT was significantly better than that in the group treated with normobaric oxygen therapy (NBO2T) (P < 0.01), thus confirming the effectiveness of HBO2T for CO poisoning. Furthermore, while hospitals were separated into three groups according to their indication criteria for HBO2T, the ineffective ratio of NBO2T was dependent on the indication criteria, even though the effective ratio of HBO2T was the same in all three groups. In conclusion, a retrospective multi-institutional study showed that HBO2T is an effective form of therapy for CO poisoning.     

高压氧对急性CO中毒患者血清心脏肌钙蛋白T含量的影响(论著)

目的：观察高压氧（HBO）对急性一氧化碳（CO）中毒患者血清心脏肌钙蛋白T（troponinT，TnT）含量变化的影响，并探讨HBO对心肌损伤的疗效及机理。方法：对17例急性CO中毒患者，分别于HBO治疗前和1次治疗后评定Glasgow分数，同时测定血清TnT。对其中6例急性中、重度CO中毒患者在5次HBO治疗后复测血清TnT含量。结果：HBO治疗前后比较，急性轻度CO中毒患者血清TnT含量无显著差异（P＞0．05），急性中、重度CO中毒患者血清TnT含量显著下降（P＜0．05）；而6例急性中、重度CO中毒患者血清TnT含量，在HBO治疗1次、5次后均较治疗前非常明显下降（P＜0．01）。结论：急性中、重度CO中毒均有心肌损伤；HBO治疗可降低血清TnT，表明是治疗急性CO中毒心肌损伤的有效方法。     

高压氧和抗血小板聚集剂预防一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病

目的 观察高压氧（HBO）和抗血小板聚集剂综合疗法对一氧化碳中毒（COP）迟发脑病的预防效应。方法 中，重度急性一氧化碳中毒患者共401例，随机分成HBO治疗组（HBO）组204例和HBO＋抗血小板聚集剂治疗组（HBO＋抗Pla组）197例。HBO治疗压力0.2MPa，每日1次，共20次，在患者COP后第15，20，25，30，45，60天判定是否出现迟发脑病。结果 COP患者401例中，HBO组204例，出现迟发脑病23例，占11．27％。HB＋抗Pla组197例，出现迟发脑病7例，占3．55％。两组比较差异有非常显著性（P＜0．01）。结论 HBO和抗血小板聚集剂综合治疗急性COP，使其迟发脑病的发生率较单纯HBO治疗明显降低，取得显著的预防效应。     

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning in pregnancy: a case report.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common forms of poisoning in the United States. When CO poisoning occurs in the pregnant patient, it is extremely toxic to the mother and fetus in terms of central nervous system disorders and delayed central nervous system sequelae. Controversy exists in treating the pregnant patient with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) because of the unknown effects of high partial pressures of oxygen on the fetus. HBO therapy is beneficial in CO poisoning because of its effect of first increasing oxygen concentration and causing a shift in the oxygen dissociation curve from the left to the right. Second, by causing a diminished CO interaction with cytochrome oxidase, HBO allows mitochondria to use oxygen more effectively. Third, HBO may reduce lipid peroxidation which may be responsible for neurological deterioration and delayed central nervous system sequelae. Fourth, decreased CO influence through HBO may reduce changes in the myocardium as a result of CO poisoning, if cardiovascular disease is already present. A case study of successful HBO therapy used during pregnancy is presented and effects of CO on the fetus are discussed.     

高压氧对一氧化碳中毒大鼠海马神经细胞线粒体膜电位与细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察一氧化碳中毒（COP）后脑损伤时线粒体膜电位及细胞凋亡数量的变化以及高压氧（HBO）对其影响。方法Wistar大鼠共128只,采用配伍组设计,按随机抽样原则将动物分成4组16小组。正常对照组8只;CO组COP后第1,5,10,15,20天各8只;CO＋HP组高气压处理后第1,5,10,15,20天各8只：CO＋HBO组HBO处理后第1,5,10,15,20天各8只。用流式细胞仪测定COP大鼠在不同时间段海马神经细胞线粒体膜电位及海马神经细胞凋亡细胞相对百分比（％）的变化和HBO治疗后的改变。结果CO组在COP后大鼠海马神经细胞线粒体膜电位在第1,5,10天降低（P＜0．01－0．05）;CO＋HBO组在第1,5天降低（P＜0．01－0．05）。CO组COP后大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡细胞相对百分比在第1,5,10,15,20天高于对照组（P＜0．01）;而CO＋HBO组只在第1,5,10天高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论COP后大鼠海马神经细胞线粒体膜电位降低,凋亡细胞数增加,并持续很长时间,而HBO处理可缩短线粒体膜电位降低的减少凋亡细胞数百分比。     

高压氧对急性一氧化碳中毒大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的作用研究

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)治疗对急性一氧化碳(CO)中毒大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的作用。方法:将36只大鼠按照随机数字表法分为正常对照组、CO中毒组和HBO治疗组各12只。建立急性CO中毒大鼠模型,给予HBO治疗7 d后,采用转录组测序(RNA-seq)进行各组大鼠脑组织基因检测,采用实时定量PCR(RT-...     

高压氧对急性一氧化碳中毒大鼠血清蛋白脂质蛋白质抗原、抗体的影响

目的 观察急性一氧化碳中毒(acute carbon monoxide poioning,ACOP)大鼠血清中蛋白脂质蛋白质(proteolipid protein,PLP)抗原、抗体的变化,探讨免疫机制在ACOP中的作用以及高压氧(HBO)治疗可能的作用机制.方法 202只大鼠按随机数字表法分为3组:染毒组(CO组),高压氧组(HBO组),常压氧组(NBO组).采用静态一氧化碳吸入法建立ACOP大鼠模型.染毒前及染毒后即刻、100 min和3、7、10、20 d取腹主动脉血,用ELISA法测定血清PLP抗原、抗体的含量.结果 染毒后即刻CO组、HBO组和NBO组PLP抗原及抗体均较染毒前升高(P＜0.05).HBO组100 min时PLP抗原低于CO组(P＜0.05);3、7 d时PLP抗体低于CO组(P＜0.05);3、10 d时HBO组PLP抗体低于NBO组(P＜0.05);7、20 d时NBO组PLP抗体低于CO组(P＜0.05).结论 ACOP后大鼠存在自身免疫反应及髓鞘损伤,及时、规律的HBO治疗可减轻髓鞘损伤.     

高压氧治疗对有机磷中毒兔多脏器损害的影响

目的 探讨高压氧（HBO）治疗急性有朵磷中毒后多脏器功能的损害与减轻患者病损程度、降低病死率的效果。方法 制作大白兔急性有机磷中毒模型。应用多人加压舱治疗，压力0．2MPa（2ATA），吸氧60min。治疗前、后抽血检测血BUN、血清ALT、CK与LDH酶，并测定脑－脊髓诱发电位。结果HBO治疗前、后、兔血BUN、ALT、CK、LDH及脑－脊髓诱发电位各项比较均有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论 HBO治疗可减轻兔急性有机磷中毒后多脏器功能的损害。     

高压氧对CO中毒大鼠海马中钙离子cGMP及血浆NO含量的影响

目的　测定一氧化碳（ＣＯ）中毒大鼠海马中钙离子（［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ）浓度与环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）含量以及血浆一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量的变化,同时观察高压氧（ＨＢＯ）在其间的作用。方法　８６ 只实验大鼠被随机分成１１ 组,分别为正常（对照）组;ＣＯ 中毒后１、３、５、１０、２０ 天５个组（ＣＯ组）;ＣＯ中毒后＋ ＨＢＯ１、３、５、１０、２０天５ 个组（ＣＯ＋ ＨＢＯ组）。分别用流式细胞仪测定大鼠海马中钙离子浓度和用酶免法测定海马神经元内ｃＧＭＰ含量,再用分光光度法测定大鼠血浆ＮＯ含量。结果　ＣＯ组海马中［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ浓度在ＣＯ中毒后第３、５、１０ 天和ｃＧＭＰ含量在第１、３、５、１０ 天明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,均于第２０ 天接近对照组（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）;血浆ＮＯ浓度在中毒后第１、３、５、１０ 天明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,至第２０ 天仍未恢复正常（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。而ＣＯ＋ ＨＢＯ组海马中［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ浓度和ｃＧＭＰ含量以及血浆ＮＯ浓度在ＣＯ中毒后虽有变化但与ＣＯ组比,各时期数值均较接近对照组。并在第１０ 天后恢复正常。结论　ＣＯ中毒后,大鼠海马神经元细胞内钙离子、ｃＧＭＰ与血浆ＮＯ含量均降低,并持续较长时间。ＣＯ中     

不同高压氧治疗方案对急性一氧化碳中毒受损心肌的疗效分析

目的 探讨不同高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)治疗方案对急性一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)中毒受损心肌的影响.方法 对2006年10月至2010年3月收治的155例重症CO中毒患者进行HBO常规治疗(常规组,75例)和HBO改进治疗(改进组,80例).(1)常规组治疗方案:治疗压力0.25 MPa,加压20 min,稳压后吸氧2次,每次30 min,中间间歇10 min,减压20 min出舱.每日1次,12次为1个疗程,治疗9-68次.(2)改进组方案:前5 d采用HBO常规治疗,以后采用减小治疗压力、缩短吸氧时间、增加吸氧间隔、间歇给氧的治疗方案,治疗压力0.20 MPa,稳压吸氧4次,每次10min,中间间歇5 min,减压20 min出舱.连续治疗3 d后间隔1 d,10 d为1个疗程.2组患者使用相同的药物治疗方案.统计分析常规组和改进组ST-T变化及血清心肌酶变化.结果 改进组与常规组相比ST-T恢复率(56%,28%)明显升高(P＜0.05),HBO治疗第3天和第6天ST-T加重率(第3天21%、25%.第6天16%、27%)明显降低(P＜0.01);2组血清心肌酶恢复率和加重率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05.P＜0.01).结论 HBO改进方案对CO中毒患者受损心肌疗效较好.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) treatment profiles on damaged myocardium induced by acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods One hundred and fifty-five serious cases of acute carbon monoxide ( CO) poisoning admitted into the hospital for treatment from October 2006 to March 2010 were randomly divided into the routine HBO treatment group (the routine group,75 cases) and the improved HBO treatment group (the improved group,80 cases). The treatment profile of the routine HBO treatment group: the patients were compressed for 20 min to the treatment pressure of 0.25 Mpa. Following stabilization at the said pressure, the patients breathed oxygen twice for 30 min plus 10 min, once a day. The whole treatment course consisted of 12 sessions, with the patients receiving HBO treatments from 9 to 68 times. The treatment profile of the improved HBO treatment group: the patients were given routine HBO treatment in the first 5 days, then, received improved HBO treatment, with a treatment profile of lower pressure (0.20 Mpa) , shorter oxygen-breathing time, lengthening of oxygen-breathing intervals and intermittent oxygen breathing. Total oxygen-breathing time was 4 times, each for 10 min plus 3 times each for 5 min. Then, the patients were decompressed to the surface following 20-min oxygen-breathing decompression. The patients received treatment for a succession of 3 days, then, had 1-day interval, and the whole treatment course consisted of 10 sessions. Changes in ST-T and myocardial enzymes of both the routine HBO treatment group and the improved HBO treatment group were measured and analyzed. Results ST-T recovery rate of the improved HBO treatment group increased (56% ,28% ) obviously, when compared with that of the routine HBO treatment group(P ＜ 0. 05). ST-T worse rate decreased significantly following HBO treatment on the 3rd and 6th days (21% and 25% on the 3rd day, 16% and 27% on the 6th day) respectively (P＜0.01). Statistical differences could be seen in the myocardial recovery rate and worse rate, when a comparison was made between them (P＜0. 05, P＜0. 01). Conclusions The improved HBO treatment profile showed better therapeutic effect on damaged myocardium induced by CO poisoning. This treatment profile should be used instead of other treatment profiles.     

高压氧对急性一氧化碳中毒患者血浆一氧化氮、内皮素-1含量的影响

目的　观测急性一氧化碳 (CO)中毒患者血浆一氧化氮 (NO)、内皮素 - 1(ET- 1)含量的变化及高压氧 (HBO)的影响。方法　 6 6例 CO中毒的患者被分为轻、中、重度三组 ,分别用硝酸还原酶法、放免分析法测定治疗前后三组患者及对照组的 NO、ET- 1含量的变化。结果　 HBO治疗前不同中毒程度组患者的血浆 ET- 1的含量较对照组明显升高 ,而 NO的含量则显著降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,同时各组间差异均有显著性 ;HBO治疗前后比较发现 ,HBO治疗 1次后 NO、ET- 1较治疗前有明显变化 ,但仍明显高于对照组 ;而 10次 HBO治疗后接近对照值。结论　急性 CO中毒患者血浆 ET- 1的升高及 NO的降低参与 CO造成的意识障碍的发生过程 ;这两个指标的变化可用于判断 CO中毒意识障碍程度及 HBO的疗效 ;HBO治疗对 NO、ET- 1含量的变化有有益的调节作用 ,可改善 CO的病理损害作用。     

高压氧综合治疗持续性植物状态患者的探讨

目的：评价高压氧综合治疗持续性植物状态患者的疗效并探讨其作用机理。方法：自１９９４年３月至１９９５年３月一年间，在常规治疗的基础上，应用高压氧治疗持续性植物状态患者８例（病因为严重颅脑损伤４例、脑出血２例、脑梗塞１例、脑膜瘤术后１例，其中昏迷时间最长为２８１天，其次为１４１天）；治疗压力为０．２ＭＰａ，吸纯氧４０分钟×２次，中间吸空气１０分钟，每天治疗１次，１０次为１个疗程。治疗次数最短者２０次，最长者８６次。结果：本组８例患者经上述治疗后全部清醒恢复意识。结论：高压氧治疗对持续性植物状态患者有显著疗效。对治疗时间较长超过４０次者，宜分阶段进行，并应注意加强营养供给。     

高压氧对一氧化碳中毒大鼠血小板CD61及多形核白细胞粘附分子CD11b/CD18表达的影响

目的 观察高压氧（HBO）对一氧化碳中毒大鼠外周血血小板CD61多形核白细胞粘附分子CD11b/CD18表达的影响。方法：健康成年Wistar大鼠共128只，动物被随机分成4组。正常对照组8只；一氧化碳中毒组（COP）40只，按观察时程，第1，5，10，15，20天各8只；高气压处理组（HPT）共40只，第1，5，10，15，20天各8只；高压氧组(HBO)40，第1，5，10，15，20天各8只。用流式细胞仪测定CO中毒大鼠在不同时间段外周血血小板CD61及多形核白细胞粘附分子CD11b/CD18的表达。结果 COP中毒后1，5，10d COP及HPT组大鼠外周血血小板CD61表达量明显高于对照组，而HBO组仅在第1天高于对照组。外周血多形核白细胞粘附分子CD11b/CD18的表达量的变化为，COP组大鼠在CO中毒后第1，5，10，15，20天及HPT组大鼠在CO中毒后第1，5，10，15天明显高于对照组，而HBO组其值在CO中毒后第1，5，10天高于对照组。结论 CO中毒后大鼠外周血血小板CD61及多形核白细胞粘附分子CD11b/CD18的表达增高并持续一段时间，HBO治疗使其增高的时间明显缩短。     

高压氧治疗一氧化碳中毒继发急性脑病及心肌损害105例疗效观察

目的:探讨高压氧(HBO)治疗一氧化碳(CO)中毒继发急性脑病及心肌损害的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年3月至2020年3月山东淄博矿业集团中心医院高压氧科收治的CO中毒患者451例,其中发生急性脑病105例,且均继发不同程度的心肌损害。给予脱水、营养神经、改善循环、促醒、保护脏器、抗感染及其他支持对症治疗的同时...     

Treatment of radiation proctitis with hyperbaric oxygen: What is the optimal number of HBO treatments?

Aim

Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in the treatment of radiation proctitis. The current literature was reviewed with regard to the necessary number of HBO treatments.

Patients and Methods

Two patients with proctitis after pelvic irradiation were treated with 40 and 38 HBO treatments, respectively. Hyperbaric oxygenation was delivered at 240 kPa over 90 min.

Results

In one patient, proctosigmoidoscopy showed a significant improvement after 40 HBO sessions. The other patient interrupted therapy after 38 HBO treatments without subjective change. The reported number of HBO sessions for a succesful treatment of radiation proctitis ranges from 12 to 90.

Conclusion

HBO should be considered before more invasive treatment modalities are performed for radiation proctitis.     

Hypoxemia with air breathing periods in U.S. NAVY Treatment Table 6.

Air breathing is used to lessen hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) toxicity. Hypoxemia could occur during hyperbaric air breathing in patients with lung dysfunction, although this has not been previously reported. We report two cases of hypoxemia during air breathing with two patients treated with the US Navy Table 6. Patient 1 was an 11-year-old male with cerebral gas embolism (during cardiac transplantation), patient 2 was a 66-year-old female with cerebral gas embolism from a central venous catheter accident. Both were mechanically ventilated. We monitored arterial blood gas (ABG) during therapy. In both patients, ABG measurements showed hypoxia during the first air breathing period at 1.9 atm abs (192.5 kPa). If patients require > or = 40% inspired oxygen before HBO2 therapy, oxygenation monitoring is advisable during air breathing periods, especially at lower chamber pressures (< or = 2.0 atm abs).