妊娠早期妇女心理状况影响因素的分析

目的 了解妊娠早期妇女心理状况及相关影响因素.方法 采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、社会支持评定量表对508名妊娠早期妇女进行调查.结果 社会支持评定量表各维度得分均与孕妇心理状况高度相关.计划怀孕的孕妇焦虑与抑郁的发生率明显低于非计划怀孕的孕妇(23.95% vs 40.63%,10.53% vs 22.66%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.002,P<0.01;χ2=13.167,P<0.01).有先兆流产史的孕妇焦虑与抑郁的发生率明显高于无先兆流产史者(21.54% vs 12.12%,37.97% vs 26.34%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.465,P<0.05;χ2=5.020,P<0.05).结论 影响妊娠早期妇女心理状况的主要因素有低社会支持、计划外妊娠、有先兆流产史.     

南通市552例孕产妇心理状况的调查分析

目的 调查南通市孕产妇焦虑、抑郁发病情况,探讨妊娠期焦虑、抑郁与产褥期抑郁症的相关性.方法 随机选择2011年1至10月在南通市21家社区卫生服务中心建卡的孕妇552例,由经过专职培训的心理咨询师面对面指导孕妇填写综合性医院焦虑、抑郁量表(HAD),根据对552名妊娠期妇女HAD量表得分情况进行分组,并于产后14~42天时应用Edinburgh产后抑郁量表(EPDS)对552名妇女再次进行测定,同时进行分组研究.结果 用HAD量表调查结果显示产前轻度焦虑占6.52%、中重度焦虑占2.36%;产前轻度抑郁占11.96%、中重度抑郁占3.44%.用EPDS量表调查结果显示产褥期抑郁症发生率为13.04%,与正常孕妇相比,妊娠期间有焦虑或抑郁的孕妇,产褥期抑郁症发生率更高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=87.877,P<0.01).结论 与正常人群相比,妊娠期焦虑、抑郁发生率明显上升;妊娠期有焦虑或抑郁的孕妇,与正常孕妇相比较,产褥期抑郁症发生率更高,提示妊娠期心理干预的重要性.     

妊娠各期妇女焦虑抑郁状态及影响因素分析

目的 了解妊娠各期妇女焦虑、抑郁的心理状况及相关影响因素,掌握变化趋势并制定干预措施.方法 采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、社会支持评定量表对1 678名孕妇进行调查.结果 妊娠期焦虑的发生率11.32%,抑郁发生率22.71%.妊娠早、中、晚期孕妇焦虑与抑郁的发生率呈下降趋势,经比较有显著性差异(焦虑:χ2=11.49,P=0.003;抑郁:χ2=15.71,P=0.000).早期妊娠计划怀孕、无先兆流产组孕妇焦虑与抑郁的发生率明显低于非计划怀孕、有先兆流产组,中期妊娠无先兆流产组抑郁的发生率明显低于有先兆流产组(χ2=4.690,P=0.030),晚期妊娠有生育史组焦虑的发生率明显低于无生育史组(χ2=4.956,P=0.026),差异均有统计学意义.社会支持评定量表各维度得分均与孕妇心理状况高度相关.结论 影响妊娠各期妇女心理状况的主要因素有非计划妊娠、先兆流产史、初次妊娠、低社会支持,重视妊娠早期的心理保健、加强孕期抑郁的防治是做好孕期心理保健的关键.     

HBsAg阳性孕妇心理状况调查及其与皮质醇及性激素的关系

目的:探讨HBsAg阳性孕产妇的心理应激状况与皮质醇及性激素的关系。方法:随机抽取门诊或住院部就诊的HBsAg(+)妊娠晚期孕产妇67例。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HRSD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估HBsAg(+)孕产妇的心理状况;放免法测定血清雌二醇、孕酮及皮质醇水平。结果:抑郁与雌、孕激素水平均呈负相关(P<0.05);焦虑与皮质醇水平呈正相关;症状自评躯体化表现、强迫状态、抑郁和焦虑均与雌激素水平呈负相关(P<0.05);强迫症状和焦虑与皮质醇水平呈正相关。结论:乙肝孕产妇心理健康水平低下与激素水平存在相关性,血浆皮质醇及性激素水平是评估其心理状态的有效指标。     

正念心理干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕产妇心理状况及妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨基于微信平台的心理干预对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕产妇心理状况改善及妊娠结局的影响。方法 选择2019年8月至2020年8月在广东省妇幼保健院确诊为GDM且Zung式焦虑自评量表(SAS)或Zung式抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分阳性的112例孕妇为研究对象,随机分为干预组(n=50)和对照组(n=62)。对照组给予常规产检及营养指导,干预组在此基础上利用微信平台进行正念心理干预,比较两组孕产妇干预前后焦虑抑郁改善情况及其妊娠结局情况。结果 干预组与对照组的年龄、身高、体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后焦虑症状及抑郁症状检出率均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为8.27、81.29,P<0.05);干预组的剖宫产率、早产率、低体重儿出生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为5.40、5.33、6.24,P<0.05);干预组新生儿出生身长大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.09,P<0.05)。结论 正念心理干预可以缓解GDM患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪,改善妊娠结局,可在临床推广应用。     

社会支持对乙型肝炎孕产妇心理的影响

目的 探讨社会支持情况对乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇心理的影响.方法 随机抽取门诊或住院部就诊的乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇67例.采用社会支持评定量表评定乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇的社会支持情况;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表及症状自评量表评定乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇的心理状况.结果 抑郁和焦虑均与社会支持呈负相关(,分别为-0.17、-0.22,均P<0.05);症状自评总分与社会支持总分、主观客观支持及支持利用度均呈负相关(r分别为-0.18、-0.07、-0.18,均P<0.05).结论 社会支持程度与乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇负性心理情绪反应有联系.在怀孕期间加强家庭、社会、医务人员的社会支持力度,培养乙肝表面抗原阳性孕产妇利用社会支持的能力有助于降低其分娩应激水平.     

余姚市孕产妇心理健康状况调查分析

目的：了解本地区妇女在妊娠及产后的心理状态,使孕产期保健更有针对性。方法：随机分层抽取438例孕产妇采用含焦虑和抑郁症状自评量表的问卷进行心理状态调查。结果：438例孕产妇中符合焦虑和抑郁判定标准的有101人,占23．06％,其中孕晚期焦虑发生率最高,与产褥期比较两者差异有显著性;产褥期抑郁发生率最高,与孕中期比较两者差异有显著性;城镇、农村和山区孕产妇的焦虑抑郁发生率无明显差异;高危孕产妇的焦虑抑郁发生率明显多于普通孕产妇,两者差异非常显著。结论：需要对不同的孕产妇进行针对性的心理保健,以提高她们的心理健康水平,从而进一步促进围产保健质量的提高。     

孕妇产前心理状态与需求的调查

目的对孕妇产前心理状态及其影响因素进行调查和评定,以探讨心理因素对分娩方式的影响。方法用综合医院焦虑/抑郁情绪测定量表,采用调查问卷法。结果有焦虑/抑郁症状组与无焦虑/抑郁症状组剖宫产率分别为80%和30%,差异有非常显著性(χ2=25.25,P<0.01);两组产后出血和新生儿阿氏评分,差异也有非常显著性,对婴儿的哺乳喂养方式(母乳、混合、人工)两组亦存在显著性差异(χ2=7.36,P<0.05)。结论产前对有焦虑/抑郁障碍的孕妇进行科学、整体的护理,实施有效的心理干预,可以减轻甚至消除焦虑/抑郁情绪,使孕妇处于最佳身心状态,保障母婴平安度过分娩期。     

孕妇心理变化与血清皮质醇及性激素的关系

目的 探讨孕妇的心理应激状况与血清皮质醇及性激素的关系.方法 随机抽取门诊或住院部就诊的孕妇188例.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表及症状自评量表评定孕妇的心理状况;同期采血用放射免疫法测定血清雌二醇、孕激素及皮质醇水平,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 抑郁与雌二醇、孕激素水平均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.180、-0.190,均P<0.05);焦虑仅与皮质醇水平呈正相关(r=0.153,P<0.05);躯体化表现、强迫症状、抑郁和焦虑均与雌二醇水平呈负相关(r值分别为-0.220、-0.196、-0.230、-0.192,均P<0.05);强迫症状和焦虑与皮质醇水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.015、0.011,均P<0.05).结论 孕妇心理健康水平低下与激素有关,孕妇血浆皮质醇及性激素水平变化是其心理应激发生的可能原因.     

单独二胎计划妊娠妇女孕前抑郁状况调查

目的 了解单独二胎计划妊娠妇女孕前心理抑郁状况.方法 选择近1年在深圳市福田区妇幼保健院行孕前检查的计划妊娠妇女5000例,根据孕育情况分为3组,A组:一胎未育组3970例;B组:单独二胎组760例,C组:其他二胎组270例.了解其年龄、文化程度、收入情况、孕产次及前次分娩方式等,并以Beck抑郁量表测试其孕前抑郁状态.结果 3组年龄有显著性差异(F=1187,P<0.05),而学历、月收入均无显著性差异(χ2值分别为2.64、2.12,均P>0.05),单独二胎者第一胎剖宫产率显著高于其他二胎组(χ2=133.27,P<0.05).3组之间抑郁评分有显著性差异(χ2=12.97,P<0.001),每两组比较显示,B组轻度抑郁者较A、C两组显著增多(χ2值分别为4.85、12.97,均P<0.05),而A与B相比差异无显著性(χ2=0.35,P>0.05).第一胎剖宫产者轻度抑郁发生率显著高于阴道产者(χ2=8.51,P<0.05).结论 单独二胎计划妊娠妇女所承受的心理压力较高,尤其是第一胎剖宫产的妇女,应指导其选择安全的妊娠时机,为妊娠创造良好的心理条件,以利优生优育,提高人口素质.     

孕妇学校对孕妇牙周病治疗依从性的影响

目的了解孕妇学校的宣教对牙周病孕妇治疗依从性的影响。方法回顾性统计2013和2014年度在深圳市福田妇幼保健院门诊产前检查的孕妇数量,统计其中牙周病患病率及诊断为牙周病后到口腔科接受治疗情况。并将2个年度孕妇牙周病患者接受治疗的情况进行比较分析。结果 2013、2014年度门诊建卡产检的孕妇分别为7 260例和8 928例,其中牙周病患者分别为2 824例(38.9%)和3 348例(37.5%),诊断为牙周病后到口腔科接受治疗者分别为1 440例(51.0%)和3 298例(98.5%)。与2013年相比,2014年的牙周病发病率稍低,经比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),而接受治疗者较2013年明显增多,经比较差异有统计学意义(x^2=565.90,P<0.01)。结论孕妇学校牙周病宣教可明显提高牙周病孕妇治疗的依从性,治疗后可降低流产、早产儿及低出生体重儿的发生率,改善了妊娠结局。     

孕妇对孕妇学校教育模式及课程内容需求

目的:探讨孕妇对孕妇学校授课模式及课程内容需求情况。方法:对在汕头市妇幼保健院孕妇学校听课的200名孕妇进行问卷调查。结果:①对孕妇学校授课的模式需求是多样化的,需求最高的为听讲座,其他依次为观看录像、与医护人员一对一交流、现场示范、模仿操作、参观产房、角色扮演等。②对孕妇学校课程内容需求最高的是新生儿喂养及新生儿的护理方面,其次是分娩知识及产褥期保健知识、胎儿发育过程及自我监护知识、孕产期营养、孕期常见问题应对知识方面。结论:顺应孕妇的需求,多安排孕妇最迫切需求的课程内容,设置多元化的授课方式,更有效地为孕产妇服务。     

Pica practices of pregnant women

This report summarizes current knowledge about pica practices during pregnancy through a systematic review of the literature for the period 1950 through 1990. Pica behavior was considered in terms of its prevalence, risk factors, clinical profile, and effect on pregnancy outcome. Data on pica practices by pregnant women are limited and inconclusive but reveal several interesting relationships. The prevalence of pica among pregnant women in high-risk groups declined between the 1950s and the 1970s but now remains steady, affecting about one fifth of high-risk women. Women at high risk of pica are more likely to be black, to live in rural areas, and to have a positive childhood and family history of pica. The clinical picture of the disorder during pregnancy is not well described. The evidence suggests that pica during pregnancy results in anemia, but it is not definitive. Pica also has been associated with maternal and perinatal mortality. We conclude that the behavior is more prevalent than commonly believed, shows no sign of further decline, and may have serious effects, particularly anemia, on mother and infant. Dietetic practitioners who counsel pregnant women should ask questions about pica when they conduct nutrition assessments of their clients.     

Teaching pregnant women about newborns

This study was undertaken to determine if a video presentation of the interactive abilities of newborns is an effective means of educating pregnant women about newborns. 38 pregnant women participated in the study; 19 in the film group and 19 in the comparison group. All the women completed a short questionnaire assessing their knowledge about the capacity of the newborn to attend, respond, and show preferences for visual and auditory stimulation. The women in the film group completed the questionnaire before viewing the film. Two to three days after birth, the women were visited in the hospital where they were given a short questionnaire similar to the first. Mother-infant interaction during breastfeeding was observed. Analysis of the data showed an intervention effect on both maternal knowledge and maternal behavior. Mothers who saw the film gave more accurate information about the interactive ability of the newborn and talked to their newborns and smiled at them more often than mothers in the comparison group.     

Teaching pregnant women about newborns

This study was undertaken to determine if a video presentation of the interactive abilities of newborns is an effective means of educating pregnant women about newborns. 38 pregnant women participated in the study; 19 in the film group and 19 in the comparison group. All the women completed a short questionnaire assessing their knowledge about the capacity of the newborn to attend, respond, and show preferences for visual and auditory stimulation. The women in the film group completed the questionnaire before viewing the film. Two to three days after birth, the women were visited in the hospital where they were given a short questionnaire similar to the first. Mother‐infant interaction during breastfeeding was observed. Analysis of the data showed an intervention effect on both maternal knowledge and maternal behavior. Mothers who saw the film gave more accurate information about the interactive ability of the newborn and talked to their newborns and smiled at them more often than mothers in the comparison group.     

Children and pregnant women.

A review of the literature of the 1980s reveals that women living in rural American are at risk for receiving inadequate prenatal and maternal care. Documented risk factors include poverty and concomitant lack of medical insurance, residence in the most restrictive Medicaid states, and loss of local services including the closure of obstetric units of rural hospitals and the decision by local physicians to discontinue obstetrics. A prominent factor in a physician's decision to stop providing maternity care is the escalating cost of medical liability insurance; however, other forces are also at work, including interference with personal and family activities, disruption of other aspects of professional life (e.g., office schedule), inadequate reimbursement, and an inability to keep up with advancing technology. A research agenda for the 1990s should be consistent with previous recommendations and must stimulate the development of new programs that will induce the maximum number of providers to again offer high quality perinatal care to rural women. Other items on the 1990s research agenda include: (1) the clarification of the impact of lost perinatal services in rural areas, (2) the effects of travel time and distance on perinatal outcomes and cost of care, (3) the effect of loss of obstetric services on other health care services for women and children, and (4) comparisons of regionalized versus centralized systems for the provision of perinatal services.     

Anti-smoking propaganda among pregnant women

The study was designed to analyze the work of women's consultation clinics and maternity homes on antitobacco propaganda among pregnant women. 428 physicians were interviewed. It was shown that 21.7% of physicians at women's consultation clinics and 22.9% of those of maternity homes were constantly engaged in such propaganda activities. The majority of physicians discussed tobacco smoking only in case when the patients had some smoking-associated problems. It was recommended to intensify antitobacco propaganda, to develop the movement under the slogan "Smoking and doctors are incompatible", to raise the responsibility of physicians for health education.     

Pandemic influenza and pregnant women

Planning for a future influenza pandemic should include considerations specific to pregnant women. First, pregnant women are at increased risk for influenza-associated illness and death. The effects on the fetus of maternal influenza infection, associated fever, and agents used for prophylaxis and treatment should be taken into account. Pregnant women might be reluctant to comply with public health recommendations during a pandemic because of concerns regarding effects of vaccines or medications on the fetus. Guidelines regarding nonpharmaceutical interventions (e.g., voluntary quarantine) also might present special challenges because of conflicting recommendations about routine prenatal care and delivery. Finally, healthcare facilities need to develop plans to minimize exposure of pregnant women to ill persons, while ensuring that women receive necessary care.