重组人促红细胞生成素对戊四氮致痫大鼠海马蛋白质组学的研究

目的 研究重组人促红细胞生成素（Recombinant human erythropoietin,r-HuEPO）对戊四氮（Pentetrazol,PTZ）致痫大鼠海马组织中差异表达的蛋白质,为探讨癫痫发病机制和寻找新的治疗靶点提供理论依据。方法 将12只体重为230～250 g的6～8周龄SD大鼠随机分为两组：PTZ组、PTZ+EPO组。运用基于质谱的TMT标记技术将r-HuEPO对PTZ致痫大鼠海马组织的差异蛋白进行分析鉴定。结果 检测到PTZ致痫大鼠海马组织中139个差异表达的蛋白质点,其中55个表达上调,84个表达下调。结论 r-HuEPO通过上调PTZ致痫大鼠海马组织中异柠檬酸脱氢酶（Isocitrate dehydrogenase,NADP）、还原型辅酶Ⅱ（Reduced nicotinamide purine dinucleotide phosphate,NADPH）、硫氧还蛋白还原酶（Thioredoxin reductase 2 mitochondrial,TrxR）,减轻神经细胞损伤。     

重组人促红细胞生成素治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病疗效分析

目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素（rhu—EPO）对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的治疗效果。方法将141例缺氧缺血性脑病患儿随机分为rhu—EPO治疗组（n=72）和对照组（n=69），治疗组于生后第5天给予rhu—EPO5001U／kg，每周3次，一个疗程4周，其它治疗措施同对照组。于胎龄40周时进行新生儿行为神经测定fNBNA），并随访后遗症的发生率。结果治疗组患儿在胎龄40周时的NBNA得分为38．10±1．91，明显高于对照组36.35±1．99（t=4．2330，P=0．000）。至2岁时后遗症的发生率明显降低。结论rhu—EPO对缺氧缺血性脑病患儿神经行为发育有促进作用，并能减少缺氧缺血性脑病后遗症的发生。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠颅脑损伤后Survivin表达的影响

目的观察重组人促红细胞生成素（r-HuEPO）对大鼠颅脑损伤后伤侧脑组织核因子-κB（NF-κB）和Survivin表达的影响,探讨其脑保护机制。方法选取78只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为假手术组（6只）、颅脑损伤对照组（36只）及r-HuEPO治疗组（36只）。采用自由落体法建立大鼠颅脑损伤模型,应用EpicsXL流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,并应用免疫组织化学SP法检测Survivin和NF-κB表达的变化。结果与假手术组相比,颅脑损伤对照组的细胞凋亡率及Survivin、NF-κB的表达水平明显升高（P〈0.01）;与颅脑损伤对照组相比,r-HuEPO治疗组除在伤后6h和7d外,其它各时相点的细胞凋亡率均明显降低（P〈0.05）,且在伤后1、2、3、5d的Survivin表达及伤后各时间点的NF-κB表达均较明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论r-HuEPO可促进NF-κB及抗凋亡因子Survivin的表达而减少颅脑损伤后的细胞凋亡,发挥脑保护作用。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠颅脑损伤后 Survivin表达的影响

目的 观察重组人促红细胞生成素(r-HuEPO)对大鼠颅脑损伤后伤侧脑组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)和Survivin表达的影响,探讨其脑保护机制.方法 选取78只健康雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为假手术组(6只)、颅脑损伤对照组(36只)及r-HuEPO治疗组(36只).采用自由落体法建立大鼠颅脑损伤模型,应用Epics XL流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,并应用免疫组织化学SP法检测Survjvin和NF-κB表达的变化.结果 与假手术组相比,颅脑损伤对照组的细胞凋亡率及Survivin、NF-κB的表达水平明显升高(P＜0.01);与颅脑损伤对照组相比,r-HuEPO治疗组除在伤后6 h和7 d外,其它各时相点的细胞凋亡率均明显降低(P＜0.05),且在伤后1、2、3、5d的Survivin表达及伤后各时间点的NF-κB表达均较明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 r-HuEPO可促进NF-κB及抗凋亡因子Survivin的表达而减少颅脑损伤后的细胞凋亡,发挥脑保护作用.     

重组人促红细胞生成素早期治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤疗效观察

1资料和方法1.1一般资料选取2011-01—2012-06郑州大学第二临床学院NICU科收治的中、重度HIBD患儿共86例,入选标准:(1)入院时日龄不超过72h;(2)37周≤胎龄≤42周,出生体质量≥2.5kg;(3)头颅CT结果符合新生儿中、重度脑损伤的表现;(4)且有下列情况之一:①生后的Apgar评分1min≤4分、5min≤7分;②脐静脉血或生后60min的动脉血标本pH≤7.1;③出生12h内出现脑损伤的临床表现、无严重的先天性异常或大量颅内出血等并发症。全部入选病例随机分为2组,治疗组44例在常规治疗的基础上加用rhE-PO,对照组42例常规治疗。所有病例均需患儿家属知情,并     

重组人促红细胞生成素预处理对帕金森病大鼠胶质细胞源性炎症因子表达的影响

目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)预处理对帕金森病(PD)大鼠胶质细胞源性炎症因子表达的影响。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为4组,A组:右侧纹状体内注射rhEPO 24 h后,同侧黑质内注射6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA);B组:右侧纹状体内立体定向注射与rhEPO等量的生理盐水,24 h后同侧黑质内立体定向注射6-OHDA;C组:右侧黑质内立体定向注射6-OHDA;D组:右侧黑质内立体定向注射与6-OHDA等量的生理盐水。4周后采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α含量;逆转录(RT)-PCR法检测黑质iNOS和TNF-αmRNA的表达。结果与D组比较,A、B、C组大鼠血清iNOS、TNF-α含量增多,黑质iNOS、TNF-αmRNA表达增高(均P<0.05);与B组和C组比较,A组大鼠血清iNOS、TNF-α含量显著减少,黑质iNOS、TNF-αmRNA表达显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论 rhEPO可能通过抑制黑质TNF-α、iNOS表达,减轻6-OHDA对多巴胺能神经元的毒性损害,具有神经保护作用。     

重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)对帕金森病大鼠模型小胶质细胞活化的影响

目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin,rhEPO)对6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)诱导的SD大鼠帕金森病(PD)模型小胶质细胞活化的影响。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为A组(rhEPO+6-OHDA)、B组(生理盐水+6-OHDA)、C组(6-OHDA)、D组(生理盐水),每组10只。(1)A组:右侧纹状体内立体定向注射重组促红细胞生成素(rhEPO),24h后同侧黒质内立体定向注射6-OHDA;(2)B组:右侧纹状体内立体定向注射与rhEPO等量的生理盐水,24h后同侧黒质内立体定向注射6-OHDA;(3)C组:右侧黒质内立体定向注射6-OHDA;(4)D组:右侧黒质内立体定向注射与6-OHDA等量的生理盐水。4w后采用免疫组化检测黒质内酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性神经元和CD11b阳性细胞数量及CD11b阳性细胞形态变化。结果与D组比较,A组大鼠黒质TH阳性神经元明显减少,CD11b阳性细胞明显增多,大部分小胶质细胞胞体小,突起细长;与B组和C组比较,A组大鼠黒质TH阳性神经元显著增多,CD11b阳性细胞显著减少,仅有少量小胶质细胞胞体大,突起短粗。结论重组人促红细胞生成素(rhEPO)可能通过抑制小胶质细胞活化,减轻6-OHDA对多巴胺(DA)能神经元的毒性损害,对DA能神经元产生神经保护作用。     

重组人红细胞生成素对癫痫持续状态大鼠海马神经元磷酸化Akt表达的影响

目的观察重组人红细胞生成素对戊四氮所致的癫痫持续状态(statusepil epticus,SE)的SD大鼠海马神经元磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)表达的影响,并应用PI3K抑制剂LY294002进行干预,进一步探讨重组人红细胞生成素是否对SE大鼠的海马神经细胞具有保护作用及作用的可能机制。方法采用戊四氮点燃大鼠SE模型。75只SD大鼠随机分为5组(n=15),A组:正常对照组(腹腔注射生理盐水);B组:生理盐水治疗组(腹腔注射戊四氮点燃SE发作后30分钟,再腹腔注射生理盐水);C组:重组人红细胞生成素治疗组(腹腔注射戊四氮点燃SE发作后30分钟,再腹腔注射重组人红细胞生成素);D组:PI3K抑制剂LY294002干预组(腹腔注射戊四氮点燃SE发作后10分钟,再脑室内注射LY294002,SE发作后30分钟腹腔注射重组人红细胞生成素);E组:DMSO(二甲基亚砜)对照组(腹腔注射戊四氮点燃SE发作后10分钟,再脑室注射LY294002的溶剂DMSO,SE发作后30分钟腹腔注射重组人红细胞生成素),检测各组大鼠行为、脑电图的改变及HE染色观察各组海马病理学的改变、免疫组织化学法观察各组磷酸化Akt的表达。结果重组人红细胞生成素治疗组较生理盐水治疗组磷酸化Akt的表达增多;PI3K抑制剂LY294002干预组海马磷酸化Akt表达较重组人红细胞生成素治疗组减少。结论重组人红细胞生成素对SE大鼠的海马神经元具有保护作用,其作用机制可能是重组人红细胞生成素提高了Akt的活性,激活了存活通路PI3K/Akt途径,这可能是重组人红细胞生成素发挥神经保护作用的机制之一。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注炎症损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨重组人促红细胞生成素（r-HuEPO）对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注炎症损伤的保护机制。方法 采用线栓法制备大鼠局灶性大脑中动脉栓塞（MCAO）模型，应用ELISA方法检测r-HuEPO治疗前后缺血侧脑皮质TNF-α含量变化，应用Westernblot检测缺血侧脑皮质p38MAPK表达的变化。结果 与假手术组相比，缺血再灌注组脑皮质TNF-α、磷酸化p38MAPK表达水平明显增加，r-HuEPO可抑制缺血再灌注脑皮质TNF-α增加及磷酸化p38MAPK表达。结论 r-HuEPO可能通过抑制磷酸化p38MAPK表达，减少炎症因子TNF-α的释放而抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤炎症反应。     

Inhibition of apoptosis by hyperbaric oxygen in a rat focal cerebral ischemic model.

The hypothesis was tested that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) reduced brain infarction by preventing apoptotic death in ischemic cortex in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and subsequently were exposed to HBO (2.5 atmospheres absolute) for 2 h, at 6 h after reperfusion. Rats were killed and brain samples were collected at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 days after reperfusion. Neurologic deficits, infarction area, and apoptotic changes were evaluated by clinical scores, 2,3,7-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, caspase-3 expression, DNA fragmentation assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) costaining. In MCAO/R without HBO treatment animals, DNA fragmentation was observed in injured cortex at 24, 48, and 72 h but not in samples at 7 days after reperfusion. Double labeling of brain slides with NeuN and caspase-3 demonstrated neurons in the injured cortex labeled with caspase-3. TUNEL+H&E costaining revealed morphologic apoptotic changes at 24, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy abolished DNA fragmentation and reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduced infarct area and improved neurologic scores at 7 days after reperfusion. One of the molecular mechanisms of HBO-induced brain protection is to prevent apoptosis, and this effect of HBO might preserve more brain tissues and promote neurologic functional recovery.     

Delayed and multiple hyperbaric oxygen treatments expand therapeutic window in rat focal cerebral ischemic model

Although the brain-protective effect of single, early applications of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been reported in acute ischemic stroke models, few studies have reported the long-term effect—especially after multiple HBO applications. This study employed delayed, multiple HBO treatments and evaluated cerebral infarction and neurological functional recovery for 4 weeks after transient focal ischemia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and were subsequently exposed to HBO (2.5 atmospheres absolute [ATA]) for 2 hours per day. HBO was administered at either 6 or 24 hours after MCAO/R and was repeated daily for 6 days. Rat behavior was scored to evaluate neurological deficits. The brains were removed for histological analysis of the infarct ratio at 1 and 4 weeks. Rats with HBO delayed for 6 or 24 hours following MCAO/R displayed a significant decrease of infarct ratio and amelioration of neurological deficits compared to the untreated group. This study suggests that delayed, but multiple, HBO treatments can improve neurological evaluation and reduce cerebral infarction.     

重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对成骨细胞的影响*

背景：人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ在成骨细胞中含量丰富,与骨密度有密切关系。 目的：观察重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞的增殖、凋亡及碱性磷酸酶合成的影响。 方法：不同质量浓度重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ刺激体外培养的大鼠成骨细胞,噻唑蓝法测定活细胞数量;肿瘤坏死因子α单独或与重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ共同刺激成骨细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期和凋亡率,采用对硝基酚磷酸盐法测定细胞裂解液中碱性磷酸酶活性。 结果与结论：与对照组相比,一定剂量的重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ能明显增加大鼠成骨细胞数量(P < 0.05),在质量浓度为0.1~100 μg/L时,成骨细胞数量的增加与质量浓度呈正相关;肿瘤坏死因子α在0.1~100 μg/L范围内呈剂量依赖性地促进成骨细胞凋亡(P < 0.05),并使S期细胞减少(P < 0.05),而重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ能抑制肿瘤坏死因子α对成骨细胞的促凋亡作用(P < 0.05);与对照组相比,重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ刺激的成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶的活性明显增高(P < 0.05)。重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ对大鼠成骨细胞有明显的促增殖作用,且能明显抑制肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的大鼠成骨细胞凋亡,提示增加成骨细胞数量可能是重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ促进骨形成的机制之一;重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ能促进大鼠成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶的合成,提示重组人胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ有可能促进骨基质的合成和钙化。     

Influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brain-derived neural stem cells

BACKGROUND: It has been previously shown that hyperbaric oxygen may promote proliferation of neural stem cells and reduce death of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs).OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brain-derived NSCs into neuron-like cells and compare with high-concentration oxygen and high pressure.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: An in vitro contrast study, performed at Laboratory of Neurology,Central South University between January and May 2006.MATERIALS: A hyperbaric oxygen chamber (YLC 0.5/1A) was provided by Wuhan Shipping Design Research Institute; mouse anti-rat microtubute-associated protein 2 monoclonal antibody by Jingmei Company, Beijing; mouse anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibody by Neo Markers,USA; mouse anti-rat galactocerebroside monoclonal antibody by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.,USA; and goat anti-mouse fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled secondary antibody by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co., Ltd., China.METHODS: Brain-derived NSCs isolated from brain tissues of neonatal Sprague Dawiey rats werecloned and passaged, and assigned into five groups: normal control, model, high-concentration oxygen, high pressure, and hyperbaric oxygen groups. Cells in the four groups, excluding the normal control group, were incubated in serum-containing DMEM/F12 culture medium. Hypoxic/ischemic models of NSCs were established in an incubator comprising 93% N2, 5% CO2, and 2% O2.Thereafter, cells were continuously cultured as follows: compressed air (0.2 MPa, 1 hour, once a day)in the high pressure group, compressed air+a minimum of 80% O2 in the hyperbaric oxygen group,and a minimum of 80% O2 in the high-concentration oxygen group. Cells in the normal control and model groups were cultured as normal.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At day 7 after culture, glial fibrillary acidic protein,microtubule-associated protein 2, and galactocerebroside immunofluorescence staining were examined to observe differentiation and calculate the percentage of NSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells or neuroglia-like cells.RESULTS: Neuron-like cells or neuroglia-like cells were visualized in all five groups. There were no significant differences in the percentage of differentiating cells between the hyperbaric oxygen group and the normal control group (P>0.05). The percentage of NSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells in the hyperbaric oxygen group was significantly greater than model, high-concentration oxygen, and high pressure groups; however, the percentage differentiating into neureglia-like cells was significantly lower (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen promotes the differentiation of brain-derived neural stem cells into neuron-like cells but inhibits differentiation into neuroglia-like cells. Furthermore, the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen is superior to high-concentration oxygen and high pressure.     

高压氧对缺氧缺血脑源性神经干细胞分化的影响

BACKGROUND： It has been previously shown that hyperbaric oxygen may promote proliferation of neural stem cells and reduce death of endogenous neural stem cells （NSCs）.
OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on the differentiation of hypoxic/ischemic brain-derived NSCs into neuron-like cells and compare with high-concentration oxygen and high pressure.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro contrast study, performed at Laboratory of Neurology, Central South University between January and May 2006.
MATERIALS： A hyperbaric oxygen chamber （YLC 0.5/1A） was provided by Wuhan Shipping Design Research Institute; mouse anti-rat microtubule-associated protein 2 monoclonal antibody by Jingmei Company, Beijing; mouse anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein monoclonal antibody by Neo Markers, USA; mouse anti-rat galactocerebroside monoclonal antibody by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., USA; and goat anti-mouse fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled secondary antibody by Wuhan Boster Bioengineering Co., Ltd., China.
METHODS： Brain-derived NSCs isolated from brain tissues of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were cloned and passaged, and assigned into five groups： normal control, model, high-concentration oxygen, high pressure, and hyperbaric oxygen groups. Cells in the four groups, excluding the normal control group, were incubated in serum-containing DMEM/F12 culture medium. Hypoxic/ischemic models of NSCs were established in an incubator comprising 93% N2, 5% 002, and 2% 02. Thereafter, cells were continuously cultured as follows： compressed air （0.2 MPa, 1 hour, once a day） in the high pressure group, compressed air ＋ a minimum of 80% 02 in the hyperbaric oxygen group, and a minimum of 80% Q2 in the high-concentration oxygen group. Cells in the normal control and model groups were cultured as normal.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At day 7 after culture, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, and galactocerebroside immunofluorescence staining were examined to observe differentiation and calculate the percentage of NSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells or neuroglia-like cells.
RESULTS： Neuron-like cells or neuroglia-like cells were visualized in all five groups. There were no significant differences in the percentage of differentiating cells between the hyperbaric oxygen group and the normal control group （P 〉 0.05）. The percentage of NSCs differentiating into neuron-like cells in the hyperbaric oxygen group was significantly greater than model, high-concentration oxygen, and high pressure groups; however, the percentage differentiating into neuroglia-like cells was significantly lower （P 〈 0.01 ）.
CONCLUSION： Hyperbaric oxygen promotes the differentiation of brain-derived neural stem cells into neuron-like cells but inhibits differentiation into neuroglia-like cells. Furthermore, the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen is superior to high-concentration oxygen and high pressure.     

The temporal profile of genomic responses and protein synthesis in ischemic tolerance of the rat brain induced by repeated hyperbaric oxygen

Repeated hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure prior to ischemia has been reported to provide neuroprotection against ischemic brain injury. The present study examined the time course of neuroprotection of HBO (3.5 atmosphere absolute, 100% oxygen, 1 h for 5 consecutive days) and the changes of gene/protein expression in rats. First, at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 72 h after HBO sessions, rats were subjected to forebrain ischemia (8 min). Histopathological examination of hippocampal CA1 neurons was done 7 days after ischemia. Second, temporal genomic responses and protein expression were examined at the same time points after HBO sessions without subjecting animals to ischemia. HBO significantly reduced loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons that normally follows transient forebrain ischemia when the last HBO session was 6 h, 12 h, or 24 h before ischemia (survived neurons 55%, 75%, and 53%, respectively), whereas if there was a 72-h delay before the ischemic insult, HBO was not protective (survived neurons only 6%). Statistical analysis on microarray data showed significant upregulation in 60 probe sets including 7 annotated genes (p75NTR, C/EBPdelta, CD74, Edg2, Trip10, Nrp1, and Igf2), whose time course expressions corresponded to HBO-induced neuroprotection. The protein levels of p75NTR, C/EBPdelta, and CD74 were significantly increased (maximum fold changes 2.9, 2.0, and 7.9, respectively). The results suggest that HBO-induced neuroprotection against ischemic injury has time window, protective at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h but not protective at 72 h. Although the precise interaction is to be determined, the genes/proteins relevant to neurotrophin and inflammatory-immune system may be involved in HBO-induced neuroprotection.     

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on GABA transport in rat brain synaptosomes

Summary Initial velocities of uptake of GABA have been measured in rat brain synaptosomes from animals which had been exposed to oxygen at high pressure (OHP) and compared to similar measurements in normobaric controls. For hypothalamus, no changes in GABA uptake occurred subsequent to exposure to OHP. For cortical synaptosomes, however, exposure to OHP resulted in a decreased velocity of GABA uptake at all combinations of [Na] and [GABA] used. The OHP data were found to fit the same transport model as found previously for control data. Thus, OHP exposure did not alter the basic mechanism by which sodium and GABA interact with the carrier in the process of transport. However, the constants which quantitate the model were changed by OHP exposure. As a consequence, the several kinetic parameters which are calculated from the model change in the OHP animals. These kinetic parameters are compared to similar calculations for both normobaric control animals and normobaric aged animals. Although the effects of OHP do not precisely parallel the effects of aging, the alterations in kinetic parameters are in several ways similar in the aged and OHP animals.     

Neuroprotective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin in the developing brain of rat after lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus

Status epilepticus triggers a mixture of apoptotic and necrotic cell death within the hippocampus. This neuronal loss may result in the development of epilepsy and cognitive deficits. Erythropoietin mediates a number of biological actions within the central nervous system and has been shown to be neuroprotective. In the present study, we investigated the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on hippocampus of rat after lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus. Twenty-one dam reared Wistar male rats, 21-day-old were divided into three groups: control group, lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus and lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus and erythropoietin treated group. Erythropoietin treated group received recombinant human erythropoietin 10 U/g intraperitoneally 40 min after pilocarpine injection for 5 days. Rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected at 5th day of experiment. Neuronal cell death and apoptosis were evaluated. Histopathological examination showed that erythropoietin significantly decreased neuronal cell death in CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus regions of hippocampus. It also diminished apoptosis in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of hippocampus. In conclusion, erythropoietin may preserve the number of neurons and decrease apoptosis in model of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine. This experimental study suggests that erythropoietin administration may be neuroprotective in status epilepticus.     

天然与重组水蛭素对大鼠随意皮瓣淤血模型超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、内皮素变化的影响

背景：一般认为天然水蛭素能够提高淤血皮瓣的成活率与其抗血栓、抗凝血酶有关,但其抗炎、抗氧化作用的具体机制尚不清晰。重组水蛭素效果与天然水蛭素的差异也未有深入研究。 目的：探索天然、重组水蛭素对大鼠随意皮瓣淤血模型存活保护机制。 方法：Wistar大鼠30只,背部设计随意皮瓣10 cm×3 cm制成淤血模型。皮瓣随机分为天然水蛭素组、重组水蛭素组和对照组,均于术后即刻、第3,5天注射在距皮瓣末端1.5 cm和3.0 cm处分别注射5 U天然水蛭素、5 U重组水蛭素和相同剂量生理盐水。观察术后第7天的皮瓣成活率、皮瓣组织细胞形态学改变以及超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、内皮素水平。 结果与结论：与对照组相比,天然、重组水蛭素组皮瓣成活率高,皮瓣超氧化物歧化酶水平明显增多,内皮素、丙二醛水平减少。且天然水蛭素效果优于重组水蛭素。说明水蛭素能够提高随意皮瓣的成活率、超氧化物歧化酶的含量;减低皮瓣的坏死率、丙二醛、内皮素的含量。