Professional ethics in health care: an introduction

Discussions about issues in medical ethics are often frustrated by the failure to distinguish other concerns: legal and institutional rules, personal values, and personal moralities. Progress can be made if the medical profession reaches a prior agreement on its core values--what the good physician ought to care about--and a consensus on how these values are to be respected by physicians facing ethical dilemmas.     

Problem-based learning in medicine: an introduction.

Problem-based learning is an innovative and challenging approach to medical education--innovative because it is a new way of using clinical material to help students learn, and challenging because it requires the medical teacher to use facilitating and supporting skills rather than didactic, directive ones. For the student, problem-based learning emphasises the application of knowledge and skills to the solution of problems rather than the recall of facts. It is an approach much favoured by curriculum planners in new and more progressive medical schools. This paper describes the educational basis of problem-based learning and gives an example of how it operates in undergraduate medical education.     

澳大利亚John Murtagh全科病案研究(二十二)——画在纸上的噩梦

全科医生看到的是患者和症状,专科医生看到的是器官和病灶。Murtagh教授在这个案例中告诉我们,全科医生要把目光从面前的患者身外再看远一些,要关注患者的家庭和社会环境。从一个患儿的噩梦中,作者注意到了家庭发展史、移民家庭特征、家庭关系、出生次序等对患儿心理和行为的影响。同时,作者介绍了在全科医学服务中使用面质、画梦、心理辅导、组织患者与家庭成员讨论等心理学服务技术。     

独生与非独生子女家庭环境量表调查对照研究

目的：为评价我国独生子女家庭环境积累资料．方法：应用家庭环境量表中文版（FES－CV）第三次修订本，对临沂市某中学四个不同年级的四个班中282名学生进行了家庭环境调查，将其中84名独生子女及随机抽取85份非独生子女有效问卷的调查结果比较分析．结果：独生子女组的亲密度、情感表达、独立性、知识性、娱乐性5因子分显著低于中国常模；独立性和成功性两因子分显著低于非独生子女组。独生子女组中，家长共同主持家政者的控制性因子分显著低于一人主持家政者；父母高文化组的独立性和知识性两因子分显著高于父母低文化组的家庭．结论：所测区域范围内现行的独生子女家庭环境有待改善，中国常模也应进一步扩大样本和区域范围．