2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的观察

目的了解2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变的发生情况.方法应用电子束CT,对58例血糖异常者进行冠脉钙化发生率、钙化积分、软斑数、冠脉狭窄数等指标进行定量分析,以正常血糖及冠心病者作为对照.结果血糖耐量异常组、糖尿病组的冠脉钙化发生率较正常对照组明显升高(发生率分别为93.3%,96.4%,56.0%,P＜0.001),与冠心病组相当(90.9%,P＞0.05).血糖耐量异常组和糖尿病组的钙化积分值有高于正常组的趋势,但P＞0.05;血糖耐量异常组和糖尿病组的冠脉狭窄数和软斑数均明显高于正常组(2.200±2.024,2.964±1.915vs0.520±1.295,P＜0.05和2.467±2.360,2.893±1.771,vs 0.511±1.197,P＜0.05),与冠心病相当(2.273±1.679和2.372±1.819,P＞0.05).Spearman相关分析,结果显示钙化积分与年龄有关.软斑数和冠脉狭窄数与年龄、餐后血糖和胆固醇有关.结论2型糖尿病患者有明显的冠脉病变,EBT钙化检查及狭窄定量分析,对冠脉病变的早期诊断有重要临床价值.     

电子束CT对判断2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变的意义

目的应用电子束CT(EBT)心脏扫描,评价EBT在判断2型糖尿病冠状动脉病变中的应用价值。方法94例受试者行心脏EBT扫描,计算冠状动脉钙化(CAC)率、钙化积分、冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数,同时收集血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂等相关临床信息。结果血糖异常组(包括糖耐量减低者、糖尿病者)、冠心病组CAC发生率较血糖正常组明显升高(93.33%,96.43%,90.91%∶56.00%,P<0.01),钙化积分有明显升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义,冠状动脉狭窄支数和软斑数有明显增加(2.200±2.024,2.964±1.915,2.273±1.679∶0.520±1.295,P<0.01和2.467±2.360,2.893±1.771,2.372±1.819∶0.511±1.197,P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析,发现钙化积分与年龄有明显相关(r=0.423,P<0.01),冠状动脉狭窄数与年龄(r=0.215,P<0.05)、餐后血糖(r=0.224,P<0.05)、胆固醇(r=0.275,P<0.01)密切相关。结论2型糖尿病患者有明显的冠状动脉病变,EBT钙化需与EBT增强扫描、三维血管重建结合,来共同判断糖尿病患者的冠状动脉病变状态。     

电子束CT冠状动脉血管成像技术对老年男性冠心病患者的诊断价值

目的 :评价电子束 CT冠状动脉血管成像技术 （EBT）在老年男性冠心病患者的诊断价值。方法 :对 4 8例临床有冠心病症状、可疑冠心病症状或无症状的老年男性 ,进行 EBT及冠脉造影 （CAG）检查 ,以 CAG结果作为“金标准”评价 EBT与冠脉狭窄之间的相关性。结果 :1冠状动脉狭窄组的 EBT阳性率明显高于非狭窄组 （P<0 .0 1） ;两种方法的检测结果并无统计学差异 （P>0 .0 5 ）。 2 EBT诊断冠脉狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、误诊率、漏诊率、准确度、阳性预告值、阴性预告值、阳性似然比及阴性似然比分别为 86 %、6 7%、33%、14 %、83%、95 %、4 0 %、2 .6及 0 .2 1。3EBT阳性与冠脉存在狭窄血管支数之间呈正相关。 4 EBT对于冠脉近段血管狭窄诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性均较高 ,而对远段血管的诊断则与 CAG相差较大。结论 :1EBT是预测老年冠心病的有价值的检查手段。 2EBT对于冠脉近段病变具体位置的确定有价值。     

糖尿病与非糖尿病患者冠状动脉斑块分布及负荷比较

目的　探讨糖尿病与非糖尿病患者冠状动脉斑块分布及狭窄程度的差异。方法　263例冠心病和可疑冠心病患者,根据糖尿病病史,分为糖尿病组（92例）和非糖尿病组（171例）,所有患者均行双源CT冠状动脉血管成像（DSCTA）,对冠状动脉斑块（混合斑块、钙化斑和非钙化斑）进行计数。结果　糖尿病组左前降支（LAD）（P0.007）、右冠状动脉（RCA）（P0.041）钙化积分和总钙化积分（T　scores）（P0.027）明显大于非糖尿病组;糖尿病组冠状动脉斑块（P<0.001）明显多于非糖尿病组,以混合斑块（P<0.001）和非钙化斑块（P0.045）为主;糖尿病组病变的冠状动脉支数（P<0.001）及阻塞性斑块（P<0.001）明显多于非糖尿病组。结论　与非糖尿病患者比较,有症状的糖尿病患者冠状动脉阻塞性斑块的发生率更高,冠状动脉钙化程度更重,冠状动脉斑块负荷更重,以混合斑块和非钙化斑块为主,但是仍需要进一步的研究对此研究结果验证。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与心血管疾病危险分层的相关性

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT(64MSCT)冠状动脉(冠脉)成像与心血管病危险分层的相关性.方法 收集疑诊冠心病患者470例,按64MSCT冠脉成像结果根据冠脉有无病变、病变范围、钙化积分、冠脉狭窄程度、斑块性质分组;其中80例患者同时行冠脉造影术,按冠脉造影结果根据冠脉有无病变、病变范围、冠脉狭窄程度分组.470患者按心血管病危险分层分为极高危、高危、中高危、中危、低危5组,观察各危险分层中冠脉病变情况,并分析相关性.结果 470例患者中同时行MS CT冠脉成像与冠脉造影者80例,判断冠脉病变范围(χ2=3.631,P=0.067)与狭窄程度(χ2=1.639,P=0.200)两种方法间差异无统计学意义.随着危险分层的增高,冠脉病变范围增加(极高危多支血管病变值分别为1.09、高危双支血管病变值分别为0.91、低危单支血管病变值分别为1.07,冠脉狭窄程度也增加、极高危重度狭窄值分别为0.96、高危中度狭窄值分别为1.03、低危.轻度狭窄值分别为0.78,各心血管危险分层之间冠脉病变钙化积分差异有统计学意义(F=256.20、123.76、62.50、98.24、52.36,P＜0.01).在极高危的患者中软斑块比例最高,随着危险分层降低钙化斑块比例增高或无斑块极高危软斑值分别为1.01、低危钙斑值分别为1.17.结论 64MSCT冠脉成像可作为心血管病危险分层的依据,患者冠脉病变复杂,狭窄程度、钙化积分程度严重,软斑块比例较高,危险分层越高;随着危险分层的降低,冠脉病变支数减少,钙化积分降低,狭窄程度减轻,斑块以钙化斑块比例增高或无斑块.     

双源CT评价代谢综合征患者冠状动脉病变的临床研究

目的:研究双源CT冠脉造影评估伴或不伴代谢综合征(MS)患者冠状动脉病变的效果。方法:74例拟诊为冠心病患者被分为MS组(26例)和非MS组(48例),在传统的冠脉造影前,使用双源CT血管造影评估冠脉钙化积分,同时定量评估冠脉显著狭窄程度和不同性质的冠脉粥样硬化斑块数目。结果:MS组患者冠脉显著狭窄的血管支数明显高于非MS组[(2.27±0.92)支:(1.46±1.20)支,P0.005]。两组患者间的钙化积分无显著性差异(P0.05)。非参数检验显示两组患者的钙化斑块[MS组144个(5.54个/例),非MS组140个(2.91个/例)和软斑块[MS组134个(5.15个/例),非MS组109个(2.27个/例]有显著性差异(钙化斑块,P0.05;软斑块,P0.005)。多元回归分析显示MS与软斑块独立相关(OR=1.44,P=0.028)。结论:在伴代谢综合征的患者中,冠状动脉显著狭窄的血管支数、钙化斑块和软斑块发病率升高,提示代谢异常可以增加冠脉斑块和斑块的易损性。     

血清同型半胱氨酸水平与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究

目的：探讨同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与冠状动脉病变狭窄程度的影响。方法收集冠心病患者269例,以酶法测定 Hcy≥10μmol/L为标准,将患者分为高 Hcy血症组（HHcy组）和 Hcy水平正常组（非 HHcy组）,比较两组患者的一般资料、生化水平、冠脉病变严重程度、Gensini冠脉病变积分。结果 HHcy 组三酰甘油（TG）水平高于非 HHcy 组,合并2型糖尿病比例也高于非HHcy组（33.3% vs 24.4%,2.16±1.07vs1.52±0.79）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.73,P〈0.05;t=3.018,P〈0.01）。2支病变组及多支病变组Hcy水平较单支病变组增高（22.1±10.10vs27.31±13.89vs13.40±6.76）,差异具有统计学意义（t=2.9、6.95, P〈0.01）;HHcy组Gensini评分高于非 HHcy组（47.65±23.12 vs 36.49±18.34）,差异有统计学意义（t=3.85,P〈0.001）。结论Hcy 水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度有关。     

快速多层螺旋电脑断层摄影检测老年高血压患者冠状动脉钙化及狭窄

目的运用多排(16排)螺旋电脑断层摄影(MSCT)检测老年高血压患者冠状动脉钙化及狭窄情况,并探讨其与外周动脉粥样硬化及靶器官损伤的相关性。方法选择老年病例64例,分为2组:老年高血压组50例,年龄(76.1±6.5)岁;正常血压组14例,年龄(73.4±6.8)岁。所有50例病例行MSCT冠脉平扫,由CT软件计算得到AJ130和Volume2个冠脉钙化积分值。高血压组中44例进行MSCT冠脉增强扫描。所有病例行两侧颈动脉和股动脉超声、心脏彩超、踝/肱指数(ABI)超声检查和清晨尿微量蛋白测定,并测量身高、体质量及计算体质量指数(BMI),空腹静脉血测定血糖(FPG)、血脂系列、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP),并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果(1)除hsCRP、SBP、DBP外,两组年龄、性别、BMI、血脂系列、FPG、HOMA-IR无显著性差异(P>0.05)。老年高血压组前降支(LAD)、左旋支(LCX)的钙化积分及冠脉钙化总积分显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)MSCT冠脉增强造影显示,冠脉狭窄的老年高血压病例的冠脉钙化积分显著高于无冠脉狭窄的病例(P<0.05)。冠脉狭窄≥50%组的冠脉钙化积分虽较冠脉狭窄<50%组有增高趋势,但无明显差别(P>0.05);双支及以上显著狭窄的老年高血压病例的冠脉钙化积分高于单支显著狭窄病例和无冠脉病变病例(P<0.05);(3)心脏彩超向心性肥厚组与离心性肥厚组的冠脉钙化积分显著高于正常构型组和向心性重构组(P<0.05);老年高血压组中微量蛋白尿阳性组的冠脉钙化积分显著高于微量白蛋白尿阴性组(P<0.05);老年高血压组冠脉钙化积分与颈动脉分叉IMT、股动脉IMT、颈动脉斑块积分、股动脉斑块积分及ABI显著相关(P<0.05)。结论MSCT是评价老年高血压患者冠脉粥样硬化程度和进展的较好无创性方法,在老年人中有助于评估高血压靶器官损伤。     

主动脉脉压与冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性分析

目的探讨有创主动脉脉压（PP）水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。方法行冠状动脉造影术患者194（男103,女91）例;年龄（64±11）岁,造影同时测量主动脉血压。冠状动脉病变严重程度用冠状动脉病变支数及冠脉病变积分来表示。结果冠状动脉病变影响因素较多,如年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、高血脂史等,其中冠脉狭窄组主动脉收缩压（SBP）、PP、脉压指数（PPI）显著高于非冠脉狭窄组,差异具统计学意义。其增高水平与冠脉狭窄程度呈线性关系。多因素回归分析显示:PP、年龄与冠脉狭窄程度密切相关。结论主动脉PP与冠脉病变严重程度相关,且可能是冠脉病变的独立危险因素。     

主动脉瓣钙化在冠心病诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨主动脉瓣钙化与冠心病的临床意义。方法选取156例经胸心脏彩超明确的主动脉瓣钙化并行冠状动脉造影的患者,冠脉造影明确冠脉病变情况,并记录血管病变支数、Gensini评分,同时记录年龄、性别、血压、血脂以及吸烟史、糖尿病史等一般情况。另选取110例无主动脉瓣钙化并行冠状动脉造影的患者作为对照组。比较两组冠心病发生率、冠脉病变严重程度。Logistic回归分析年龄、性别、血压、血脂以及吸烟、糖尿病与主动脉瓣钙化对冠心病的预测价值。结果主动脉瓣钙化患者冠心病发病率较对照组明显增高(91.03%vs65.45%,P<0.01),而且主动脉瓣钙化患者严重病变冠心病多见,三支血管病变比例和Gensini评分均高于无主动脉瓣钙化患者(P<0.05)。冠心病患者主动脉瓣钙化检出率明显高于非冠心病患者(66.36%vs26.92%,P<0.01),多元回归分析发现主动脉瓣钙化为冠心病的独立预测因子(P<0.05)。结论主动脉瓣钙化患者有更高的冠心病发病率,并且严重冠脉病变多见,主动脉瓣钙化可以作为冠心病无创评估的一个参考指标。     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Grading the angiographic extent of collateral filling

Angiography frequently demonstrates a collateral circulation in severe coronary artery disease. An easily applicable method to quantify collateral flow might be a useful adjunct for the assessment of the hemodynamic effects of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to validate a visual scaling of the extent of angiographic collateral filling by comparison with flowmeter- and microsphere-derived measurements of collateral flow. In 12 open-chest dogs, collaterals from the circumflex artery were angiographically visualized (n = 80) by creating acute critical left anterior descending artery occlusion. The extent of collateral filling was graded in four levels from 0 = no visible filling to 3 = complete epicardial filling. Collateral filling correlated with the change in flow of the collateral supplying circumflex artery (Q; r = 0.84) which was + 5.3 ±4.6% with grade 1, + 9.1 ±3.5% with grade 2 and + 14.6 ±4.7% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). In parallel, coronary flow reserve decreased from 4.1 ±0.8 with grade 0 to 2.9 ±0.2 with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Colored microspheres were injected subselectively into the circumflex artery of 9 dogs (45 injections). The ratio of microspheres counted in the collateralized myocardium of the left anterior descending artery to the total number injected increased from 0.6 ±0.9% for grade 0 to 17.1 ±2.8% with grade 3 (p < 0.01). Absolute collateral flow derived from microsphere counts averaged 5.5 ±0.9 ml/min with grade 3 and closely correlated with collateral filling grade (r = 0.88). Semiquantitative grading of angiographic collateral filling in response to acute coronary occlusion in a canine model correlates with an increase in collateral source artery flow, absolute collateral flow and a decrease in source artery flow reserve. These data suggest that this scale might be a simple but useful adjunct tool to assess the hemodynamic significance of a collateral circulation.This work was supported by a grant from the NLHBI 1 R01 HL40865. Dr. Schuhlen is the recipient of a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (#Schu657/1-1 and 1–2).     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

Is short-stay coronary angioplasty safe?

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is usually performed as an inpatient procedure and the patients are monitored for several days afterward. Over a 13-month period, in 91 of 373 PTCA procedures, the clinical condition of the patient did not necessitate inpatient status before PTCA. PTCA was done the day of admission and discharge planned the following. Overall hospital stay was planned as less than 24 hours. PTCA was done in one vessel in 62 patients, two vessels in 24, three vessels in 3, and four vessels in 2 patients. PTCA was initially successful (less than 50% residual stenosis) in 85 patients (93%). In one of these, acute occlusion occurred the next morning and urgent bypass surgery was done. PTCA failed in 6 patients who left the catheterization laboratory with unchanged coronary anatomy. Bypass surgery was performed that day in 2 patients, on another admission in 1 patient, and medical therapy continued in the other 3 patients. Of the 88 patients not receiving same admission bypass surgery, 84 (95%) were discharged in less than 24 h. Hospitalization was prolonged (1-5 days) in 4 patients. This was because of nonobstructive dissection treated with heparin for approximately 24 h in 2 patients; a catheterization site hematoma in 1 patient, and post-PTCA noncardiac chest pain in another. No patient had inhospital myocardial infarction or death. The only late complication was in a patient treated with heparin and monitored for 2 days; 3 weeks later angina returned and he died suddenly. These data suggest PTCA can safely be done in selected patients with both single and multivessel disease in a short stay inhospital setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

LAD-right ventricular fistula complicating PTCA: Another case

Coronary perforation caused by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) occurs rarely and most often leads to communication to the pericardial space. We report a case where PTCA caused a coronary artery rupture and fistulization to the right ventricular outflow tract. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:34–36, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Techniques for palmaz-schatz stent deployment in lesions with a large side branch

Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent implantation in lesions with a large side branch are reported. The first case describes how to manage plaque shifting after stent implantation. The second and third cases demonstrate a kissing balloon predilatation and stent dilatation technique of a bifurcational lesion. The final case demonstrates a stent implantation technique through the stent struts of a previously deployed stent.     

非罪犯冠脉斑块研究的进展

加强冠心病的二级预防是目前防控急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的重要手段。本文对ACS与非罪犯冠脉斑块的关系作了综述。     

Angiographic demonstration of coronary sinus thrombosis: A potential consequence of trauma to the coronary sinus

Abnormalities of the coronary sinus are rarely encountered. A case is presented demonstrating for the first time the angiographic appearance of coronary sinus thrombosis. This may have been the result of surgical trauma during mitral valve replacement or inadvertent cannulation of the coronary sinus during right heart catheterization or pacemaker insertion. Although the clinical significance of coronary sinus thrombosis is uncertain, obstruction of coronary sinus blood flow should not be deleterious because of multiple anastomoses between the coronary sinus system and the anterior cardiac veins. Difficulty in cannulating the coronary sinus for physiologic studies should suggest the possibility of coronary sinus thrombosis, especially in patients who have undergone mitral valve replacement. This may be confirmed by observing the venous phase of selective left coronary arteriography. Finally, coronary sinus thrombosis may be important as a source of pulmonary emboli. The prevalence of this serious complication requires further study.     

Coronary arteriovenous-arterial fistula

A case of multiple arteriovenous fistulae is described in an adult with coronary artery disease. One of these fistulae drained into the anterior interventricular vein, which in turn communicated with and perfused an obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.