75例肺减容手术的临床分析

目的探讨肺减容手术（LVRS）治疗重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的可行性和临床效果。方法75例重度COPD患者行LVRS，术前及术后6个月测肺功能、动脉血气及6min步行距离（6MWD），对其结果进行分析。结果75例手术患者中72例术后临床症状改善，呼吸困难减轻，痊愈出院；3例死亡。术后6个月肺功能FEV。增加，RV和TLC均下降（P〈0．01），动脉血氧分压PaO2平均上升12．5mmHg，6MWD增加72m（P〈0．01）。结论重度COPD患者施行LVRS可改善患者肺功能和生活质量，是一种极有前途的治疗方法。     

肺减容术治疗重度阻塞性肺气肿的临床研究

目的：研究肺减容手术（LVRS）对重度慢性阻塞性肺气肿患者肺功能等临床指标及生存质量的影响。方法：对15例重度阻塞性肺气肿患者施行LVRS，并于LVRS后随访24个月，分别于手术后6，12及24个月测定有关临床的指标：肺功能，血气分析，6分钟步行距离（6MMD）。结果：术后6，12及24月与术前比较，1秒种用力呼气容积（FEV1）显著增加（P＜0．01）。肺总量（TLC），残气容积（RV），残总比（RV／TLC）均明显降低（P＜0．01），6MWD增加（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。日常生活主社会生活能力评分均提高（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。结论：LVRS能明显改善重度阻塞性肺气肿患者的肺功能及PaO2等临床指标，生活质量有所提高。     

对肺减容手术机制的探讨

目的　探讨肺减容手术 (LVRS)改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)患者肺功能等的机制。方法　对 2 0例LVRS手术 (切除范围为 2 0 %～ 30 %)患者 ,于手术前及手术后 3个月进行肺功能 (FEV1、RV、TLC)、动脉血气分析 (PO2 、PCO2 )、心脏超声多普勒 (CO、Cl、EF、PAP)等指标的比较分析。结果　LVRS手术后患者的FEV1、RV、TLC等都有明显提高 (P <0 .0 1)。PO2 术后比术前有提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,PCO2 显著减小 (P <0 .0 1)。心功能指标 :Cl、CO、EF及肺动脉压力 (PAP)术后 3个月较术前无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。 2 0例患者术后 6min走 (6MWT)为 (2 86± 85 )m ,比术前 (182± 10 2 )m显著增加 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　切除范围在 2 0 %～ 30 %的LVRS可明显改善COPD患者的肺功能 ,提高PO2 ,降低PCO2 ,而对心功能、肺动脉压力影响不明显。其机制可能在于余肺血管及肺单位的代偿及功能的重新恢复     

电视胸腔镜肺减容术治疗重度肺气肿36例

目的探讨重度肺气肿患者应用电视胸腔镜行肺减容手术的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析36例非均质型重度肺气肿患者在胸腔镜辅助下施行肺减容手术的临床资料,其中单侧21例,双侧15例,对比分析FEV1、TLC、RV、PaO2、PaCO2、6-MwD指标的变化。结果本组病人治愈率97.3%,死亡率2.7%,术后并发急性呼吸衰竭6例。35例于术后7-30d康复出院,1例因术后出现对侧张力性气胸、继发肺部感染、呼吸功能衰蝎而临床死亡;术后TLC、PaO2和PaCO2与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;FEV1、RV和6-MwD与术前对比亦有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论选择非均质型重度肺气肿患者进行电视胸腔镜肺减容术能明显改善病人的主观症状和增加活动能力,疗效确切、死亡率低,但远期效果有待观察。     

肺减容手术治疗重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床观察

目的观察肺减容手术治疗重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的指征、疗效及其术后并发症等。方法57例重度COPD病人行肺减容手术,术前及术后6个月测肺功能、动脉血气及6分钟步行距离(6MWD),对其结果进行分析。结果57例重度COPD患者接受肺减容术,切除一侧肺组织的20%~30%。术后3例死亡,1例病情加重,其余病人临床症状改善,呼吸困难减轻,活动能力增强,术后6个月第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及6MWD较术前分别提高31·9%和53·1%(P<0·05),残气容积(RV)、肺总量(TLC)较术前分别降低30·8%和27·3%(P<0·05),PaO2较术前提高23·1%(P<0·05),PaCO2由术前平均45·86mm Hg变为术后平均46·28mm Hg,无明显变化(P>0·05)。结论重度COPD患者行肺减容手术可取得较好的近期治疗效果,疗效与手术指征的掌握有一定的关系。     

吸入糖皮质激素对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的肺功能治疗效果

目的：观察吸入糖皮质激素对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的肺功能治疗效果。方法：72例稳定期COPD患者分为支气管舒张试验阳性，阴性两组。观察吸入糖皮质激素前后其FVC，FEV1，PaO2,PaCO2的变化情况。结果：支气管舒张试验阳性组FVC，FEV，PaO2较治疗前明显提高，PaCO2明显下降（P＜0．01）。支气管舒张试验阴性者FVC，FEV1无改善（P＞0．05），PaO2,PaCO2得到了改善（P＜0．05）。结论：糖皮质激素对存在可逆性气流阻塞的COPD患者的肺功能有很好的治疗价值。     

Effect of lung volume reduction surgery on early function of lung and pulmonary hemodynamics in COPD

Objective To evaluate the effects of lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) on early lung function and pulmonary hemodynamics in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 31 patients with severe COPD underwent LVRS, bilateral LVRS in 11 patients and unilateral in 20 patients. The results of lung function (FEV1, RV, TLC), arterial blood gas analysis (PAO2, PACO2 ) and color Doppler echocardiography (CD,CI,FS,EF,PAP) were analyzed before and 3 month after LVRS in 26 cases. Results FEV1, RV and TLC were improved significantly after surgery ( P < 0. 01). PaO2 increased (P < 0. 05 ) and PaCO2, decreased postoperatively (P < 0. 01). According to the Doppler echocardiography, there were no statistic differences in cardiac functions (CO, CI, FS, EF, and PAP) between pre- and post-operation. The 6-minute-walk-distance in 26 patients was (227 ± 88) m, significantly increased after surgery. Conclusion LVRS is effective in the treatment of patients with severe COPD. 3 months after operation, the l     

电视胸腔镜肺减容术治疗重度肺气肿的疗效分析

目的 评价电视胸腔镜下肺减容术(LVRS)治疗重度肺气肿的临床疗效.方法 36例重度肺气肿患者在电视胸腔镜辅助下施行LVRS,比较LVRS术前及术后3个月的肺功能、活动能力和血气指标的变化.结果 36例患者均于术后8～27 d康复出院,术后2例并发急性呼吸衰竭,1例并发肺部感染,3例并发持续漏气(时间最长达5 d).术后3个月呼吸困难指数从Ⅲ～Ⅳ级转为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,肺总量(TLC)及功能残气量(RV)较术前改善(P<0.05);第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、PaO2、PaCO2和6 min步行距离等明显改善(P<0.01).结论 对重度肺气肿患者, 电视胸腔镜LVRS是一种有效的治疗方法,能显著改善其呼吸功能、缓解临床症状、改善生活质量.     

重度肺气肿合并难治性气胸的围手术期护理

目的 探讨肺减容手术治疗重度肺气肿合并难治性气胸的指征及护理。方法 回顾性分析2001．4-2003．417例具有重度肺气肿合并难治性气胸的手术高危因素的患者施行单侧开胸LVRS的随访结果及护理。结果 全组无围术期死亡，气促症状明显改善。PaO2较术前有明显增加，PaCO2与术前比较无明显差异。结论 肺减容手术和有效的围术期护理可提高具有重度肺气肿合并难治性气胸的高危患者的肺功能和生存质量。     

单侧肺减容术治疗重度阻塞性肺气肿的临床分析

目的评价单侧肺减容术(LVRS)治疗重度阻塞性肺气肿的疗效、手术适应证和禁忌证,总结手术操作要点。方法对23例重度阻塞性肺气肿患者施行单侧LVRS,并于LVRS后随访24个月,分别于手术后6,12,24个月测定肺功能、血气分析、6min步行距离(6MWD)。结果术后6,12,24个月与术前比较,1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)显著增加(P<0.01),肺总量(TLC)、残气容积(RV)、残总比(RV/TLC)均明显降低(P<0.01),6MWD增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。日常生活质量Karnofsky评分明显提高。本组1,2年生存率分别为95%和91%,无手术死亡,术后并发症发生率为30%。结论单侧LVRS可以改善具备手术指征的重度阻塞性肺气肿患者的临床症状,且手术病死率低。尽量切除术侧无功能肺组织,防止肺漏气为手术要点,术前、术后呼吸功能锻炼有助于患者术后呼吸功能恢复。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.