以家庭为中心的赋权模式在PICC化疗患者中的应用

目的探究以家庭为中心的赋权模式对PICC化疗患者家庭照顾者照顾能力和照顾准备度的影响。方法将122例行PICC置管化疗的恶性肿瘤患者及其家庭照顾者随机分为对照组与赋权组各61例。对照组给予肿瘤科常规护理,赋权组实施以家庭为中心的赋权模式护理。结果干预后赋权组患者家庭照顾者照顾能力及照顾者准备度显著优于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论以家庭为中心的赋权模式可提高家庭照顾者的照顾能力和照顾准备度。     

维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感现状及影响因素

目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感现状及影响因素,为制订有效的护理干预方案提供指导.方法 便利抽样选取武汉市2所三甲医院维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者237名,采用一般资料问卷、心理一致感量表、照顾准备度量表及积极感受量表进行调查.结果 维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感得分为(56.37±11.77)分.家庭照顾者心理一致感与照顾准备度、积极感受呈正相关(均P＜0.01).多元线性回归分析显示,照顾准备度及积极感受是家庭照顾者心理一致感的主要影响因素(均P＜0.01),共可解释其38.0％的总变异量.结论 维持性血液透析患者家庭照顾者心理一致感处于较低水平.医护人员需针对影响因素给予指导干预,提高其心理一致感,促进心理健康.     

首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案的构建及应用

目的 构建首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案,并评价其应用效果。方法 通过文献研究、德尔菲专家函询及预试验构建首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案。将首发脑卒中患者照顾者按入院时间分为对照组41人和观察组40人;对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上实施首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案。比较两组干预前、干预后1、3个月家庭抗逆力、脑卒中照顾者综合照顾能力及照顾者负担评分。结果 干预后,观察组照顾者家庭抗逆力、综合照顾能力评分显著高于对照组,照顾者负担评分显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论 首发脑卒中患者照顾者家庭抗逆力干预方案能显著提高照顾者家庭抗逆力和综合照顾能力,降低照顾负担。     

家庭尊严干预对乳腺癌患者照顾者的影响

目的 探讨家庭尊严干预对乳腺癌患者照顾者照顾感受、创伤后成长及照顾能力的影响.方法 将220名乳腺癌患者照顾者随机分为观察组和对照组各110人.对照组给予常规干预,观察组在此基础上实施家庭尊严干预.两组出院时及出院后3个月分别采用照顾者负担量表、创伤后成长评定量表及中文版照顾者能力量表进行调查.结果 观察组照顾负担显著低于对照组,创伤后成长及照顾能力评分显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 家庭尊严干预能有效降低乳腺癌患者照顾者的照顾负担,提升其创伤后成长水平及照顾能力.     

积极自我表露干预对中青年脑卒中患者照顾者获益感的影响

目的 探讨积极自我表露干预对中青年脑卒中患者照顾者获益感、照顾负担及生活质量的影响。方法 将78名中青年脑卒中患者的照顾者按照病区分为对照组和干预组各39名。对照组接受常规护理，干预组在对照组的基础上实施为期4周、共8次的积极自我表露干预。比较两组干预前，干预后即刻，干预后1个月、3个月的获益感、照顾负担、生活质量情况。结果 干预组、对照组各有36名照顾者完成研究。干预后即刻及干预后1个月，干预组照顾者获益感评分显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05）；干预后即刻及1个月、3个月干预组照顾负担评分显著低于对照组，生活质量评分显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。结论 积极自我表露干预可有效地提高中青年脑卒中患者照顾者获益感，减轻照顾负担，提高生活质量。     

对早产儿父母实施家庭赋权方案的效果研究

目的 探讨家庭赋权方案对早产儿住院期间父母疾病不确定感、出院照顾准备度及出院后1个月应时能力的影响.方法 将2019年6～12月收治的45例早产儿的父母纳入对照组,将2020年1～7月收治的45例早产儿的父母纳入观察组.对照组采用常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上增加家庭赋权方案进行干预,比较两组早产儿父母疾病不确定感、照顾准备度、出院后1个月应对能力的差异.结果 出院当天观察组父母疾病不确定感评分显著低于对照组,照顾准备度评分显著高于对照组,早产儿出院1个月父母应对能力评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 家庭赋权方案能减轻早产儿父母疾病不确定感,提高家庭照顾准备度及出院后应对能力.     

预防性肠造口患者以家庭为中心赋权模式的出院计划干预

目的探讨以家庭为中心赋权模式的出院计划在预防性肠造口患者的应用效果。方法将65例预防性肠造口住院患者随机分为干预组33例和对照组32例,对照组实行常规护理,干预组在此基础上实施以家庭为中心赋权模式的出院计划干预。采用中文版造口患者生活质量量表和出院准备度量表评价干预效果。结果干预后两组出院准备度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。出院后两组生活质量得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论以家庭为中心赋权模式的出院计划干预能提高预防性肠造口患者的出院准备度及生活质量。     

基于二元疾病管理理论的老年肺癌患者出院准备服务方案的实施

目的 探讨基于二元应对理论的老年肺癌患者出院准备服务方案的实施效果。方法 将肿瘤科收治的71例老年肺癌患者随机分为对照组35例和观察组36例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组实施基于二元疾病管理理论的出院准备服务方案。使用出院准备度量表、二元应对量表及癌症照顾者综合需求量表评价干预效果。结果 干预后观察组患者出院准备度、患者及其照顾者支持应对评分显著高于对照组,照顾者综合需求评分显著低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。结论 对老年肺癌患者及照顾者实施基于二元疾病管理理论的出院准备服务方案,有助于提高患者出院准备度及支持应对水平,满足照顾者综合需求。     

肠造口患者出院准备度干预方案的构建及应用

目的 构建肠造口患者出院准备度干预方案，验证应用效果。 方法 通过前期调查、文献回顾、小组讨论、专家咨询及预试验构建肠造口患者出院准备度干预方案。按照住院病区将结直肠癌肠造口患者分为对照组43例和观察组44例，对照组给予常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上实施出院准备度干预方案。 结果 观察组出院准备度、自我管理能力、造口适应水平显著高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。 结论 肠造口患者出院准备度干预有利于提高患者的出院准备度、自我管理能力和造口适应水平。     

结直肠癌患者及照顾者造口护理的预警教育

目的探讨结直肠癌患者及照顾者进行造口护理预警教育的方法及效果。方法将98例肠造口患者随机分为干预组和对照组各49例。对照组给予常规造口健康教育,干预组在此基础上对患者及照顾者实施预警教育。比较干预后3个月两组造口护理依从性,患者焦虑水平及造口并发症发生率。结果干预后3个月后,干预组患者及照顾者造口依从性得分显著高于对照组(均P0.05);患者焦虑得分显著低于对照组,造口并发症(粪水性皮炎、造口黏膜出血及造口周围皮肤湿疹)发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论预警教育可有效提高肠造口患者及照顾者造口护理依从性,降低患者焦虑水平及造口并发症发生率,提高患者的生活质量。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者家庭抗逆力与照顾负担的相关性研究

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮患者家庭抗逆力对照顾者负担的影响,以实施针对性护理干预提供参考.方法 选择138个系统性红斑狼疮家庭,采用Zarit照顾者负担量表和家庭抗逆力调查表进行调查.结果 系统性红斑狼疮患者家庭抗逆力总分为(77.95士20.91)分,照顾负担总分为31.00(22.00,43.25)分;家庭抗逆力与照顾负担呈负相关(P＜0.01).患者性别、家庭类型、照顾者职业及婚姻状况是影响家庭抗逆力的因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 系统性红斑狼疮家庭照顾负担处于中等水平,家庭抗逆力水平对照顾负担有负向缓冲作用,应积极采取提高患者家庭抗逆力水平的护理措施,以减轻家庭照顾负担.     

医院专职陪护人员压力因素调查研究

目的了解医院专职陪护人员的压力因素构成,给陪护管理提供可行性指导。方法自行设计问卷对100 名某大型综合医院陪护中心的专职陪护人员进行随机抽样调查,并对医院专职陪护人员的构成、压力因素以及两者的关系进行探讨。结果医院专职陪护人员的压力因素依次为伦理因素、身体因素、患者病情、缺乏社会支持、经济因素、自我感受、限制社会活动、缺乏医务人员支持及知识缺乏等方面的问题。其不受教育程度、职业及陪护年限的影响(P>0.05)。不同性别的陪护人员在经济方面的压力差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);有无兼职工作、不同年龄段的陪护人员在缺乏社会支持方面的压力存在差异(均P<0.05);不同婚姻状况、不同收入的陪护人员在缺乏医务人员支持方面的压力亦显示差异(均P<0.01)。结论尊重陪护人员,给其理解和支持,完善陪护人员管理制度,不断提高其素质,能使陪护人员更好地为患者和社会服务。     

Assessment of Informal Caregiver Assistance and Strain With Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundThe purpose of our study is to assess which patient-related and caregiver-related factors are predictive of caregiver strain and assistance when caring for total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) patients within 2 weeks after surgery.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of caregivers of participants enrolled in 2 randomized trials. Caregivers provided demographics and completed the Caregiver Strain Index and Caregiver Assistance Scale pre-surgery and post-surgery. We performed backwards stepwise regression with mixed-effects negative binomial models to investigate predictors of caregiver strain and assistance for THA and TKA caregivers.ResultsThree hundred six caregiver/patient pairs were included. Our models of caregiver strain found Caregiver Assistance Scale scores and patient age to be predictive for all caregivers. We also found caregiver gender and smoking status to be predictive for THA caregivers and caregiver age to be predictive for TKA caregivers. Our models of assistance provided by caregivers found time (post-surgery vs pre-surgery) was predictive for all caregivers. We also found patient body mass index, and patient and caregiver gender to be predictive for THA caregivers, and patient and caregiver employment status and caregiver education level to be predictive for TKA caregivers.ConclusionOur study identifies patient-related and caregiver-related factors which are associated with caregiver strain and assistance when caring for arthroplasty patients. As this is the first study to assess assistance provided by caregivers, it is important for future research to validate our results and to further explore whether patient-reported outcomes may also be related to assistance and strain.     

化疗患儿照顾者自我效能感量表的研制及信效度检验

目的研制化疗患儿照顾者自我效能评估量表,并进行信效度检验,为评估化疗患儿照顾者的照顾信心提供有效测评工具。方法以Bandura自我效能理论为理论框架,结合文献回顾,对19名化疗患儿照顾者进行半结构访谈构建量表条目池,通过2轮专家函询法及预试验拟定初始量表。采用便利抽样法,选取395名化疗患儿照顾者为研究对象进行信效度分析。结果化疗患儿照顾者自我效能感测评量表包括21个条目。总量表Cronbach′sα系数为0.951;重测信度为0.824(P0.01)。探索性因子分析提取与治疗相关的照顾、情绪管理、管理家务与社交3个公因子,累积方差贡献率为68.170%;量表及各维度得分与一般自我效能评分呈正相关(均P0.01)。验证性因子分析拟合指数:χ~2/df=2.564,RMSEA=0.087,NFI=0.861,RFI=0.843,IFI=0.910。结论该量表具有良好的信效度,可以用于化疗患儿照顾者照顾自我效能感的评价。     

Quality of life and psychosocial functioning of spouse/partner caregivers before and after liver transplantation

Rodrigue JR, Dimitri N, Reed A, Antonellis T, BA, Hanto DW, Curry M. Quality of life and psychosocial functioning of spouse/partner caregivers before and after liver transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 239–247. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Spouse/partner caregivers of liver transplant (LTx) patients play an important role both before and after transplantation. However, very little research has examined the quality of life (QOL), caregiving strain, and psychological functioning of these caregivers. In this study, we examined these outcomes and their correlates in 86 (49 pre‐LTx, 38 post‐LTx) spouse/partner caregivers. The physical QOL of caregivers was not impaired, and numerous caregiving benefits were identified (e.g., realizing what is important in life, discovering one’s own inner strength, giving emotional support to the patient). However, a relatively high proportion of both pre‐LTx and post‐LTx caregivers had clinically low mental QOL (29% and 35%, respectively), low life satisfaction (45% and 32%, respectively), and high caregiving strain (59% and 81%, respectively). Both pre‐ and post‐LTx caregivers, particularly women, had more total mood disturbance than a normative sample. Higher caregiving strain was significantly correlated with lower mental QOL, lower life satisfaction, and more mood disturbance. Overall, findings suggest that caregiving strain is prominent through the LTx spectrum. There is a need for prospective research to identify the patterns of caregiver outcomes over time and to examine the benefits of clinical interventions for caregivers.     

Caregiver burden and psychological distress in partners of veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder

Caregiver burden and psychological distress were examined in a sample of 71 partners of Vietnam War combat veterans. Partners of patients (n = 51) diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced more caregiver burden and had poorer psychological adjustment than did partners of veterans without PTSD (n = 20). Among PTSD caregivers, patient PTSD symptom severity and level of interpersonal violence were associated with increased caregiver burden. When accounting for patient PTSD symptom severity, hostility, presence of major depression, level of interpersonal violence, and health complaints, only PTSD severity was uniquely associated with caregiver burden. Caregiver sociodemographic factors including age, race, education, and the availability of social support, did not moderate the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and caregiver burden. Caregiver burden was strongly related to spouse psychological adjustment.     

Being restricted in participation after a traumatic brain injury is negatively associated by passive coping style of the caregiver

Purpose: To examine whether the caregivers' coping style is associated with the functional outcome of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient 1 year post-injury.

Method: A cross-sectional study among patients with a TBI, including their primary caregivers. The study included 51 patients aged 17-64 years with a moderate-to-severe TBI and 51 caregivers (23 parents and 28 partners) aged 23-67 years. The coping preferences of the caregivers were assessed at minimum 6 and maximum 12 months post-injury, by filling out the Utrecht Coping List (UCL) and were related to limitations in activity, as measured with the Frenchay Activities Index and with restrictions in participation as measured with the Sickness Impact Profile-68 of TBI patients 1 year post-injury. The patients were interviewed at their homes; the caregivers received and returned the UCL by mail.

Results: The patients' age and the caregivers' coping style are independently associated with restrictions in participation 1 year post-injury.

Conclusions: A passive coping style of the primary caregiver is negatively associated with the patient's functional outcome in terms of participation in society.     

Assessment of family needs following acquired brain injury in Saskatchewan

Primary objective: The objective was to learn what the family members of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) perceived as important needs and to what extent these needs are being met.

Methods and procedures: Sixty-six individuals who care for someone with an ABI and who receive service from the Saskatchewan South ABI Outreach Team completed the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ).

Main outcomes: An analysis of the importance ratings found that the most important needs were related to health information. Most needs perceived as unmet were related to emotional support.

Conclusions: Caregivers indicated that having honest, accurate comprehensive information regarding the ABI survivor is important. Respondents also indicated that approximately one-half of the needs have gone unmet or only partly met. This study highlights the importance for service providers to assess family needs in order to minimize distress in caregivers, maintenance of the well being of whom is integral in the support of the person with ABI.     

Waiting for lung transplantation: quality of life, mood, caregiving strain and benefit, and social intimacy of spouses

BACKGROUND: The emotional and physical well-being of lung transplant patients is enhanced by the availability and stability of a primary caregiver. METHODS: We describe the quality of life (QOL), mood, caregiving strain and benefits, and social intimacy of 73 lung transplant caregivers who completed the QOL Inventory, SF-36 Health Survey, Profile of Mood States, Caregiver Strain Index, Caregiver Benefit Index, and Miller Social Intimacy Scale. RESULTS: Clinically low QOL was reported by 17.8-35.6% of spouses. Relative to a normative sample, spouses reported significantly lower physical (z = 4.01, p < 0.001) and emotional (z = 7.01, p < 0.001) QOL. Over half (56.2%) had clinically elevated caregiving strain. Heightened physical strain (80.8%), inconvenience (79.5%), feeling confined (72.6%), feeling upset that patient has changed so much (69.9%) contributed most to caregiver strain, while discovering inner strength (60.3%), support from others (53.4%), and realizing what is important in life (42.5%) were noted caregiving benefits. Higher caregiving strain was associated with more mood disturbance (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), lower emotional QOL (r = -0.39, p < 0.002), lower social intimacy (r = -0.37, p < 0.002), and longer disease duration (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Spouses of patients awaiting lung transplantation may experience QOL deficits and high caregiver strain. Interventions to improve QOL and reduce caregiver strain are needed.     

脑卒中偏瘫患者照顾者睡眠质量、照顾负担与心理弹性的关系

目的评估脑卒中偏瘫患者照顾者睡眠质量、照顾负担与心理弹性状况,探索脑卒中偏瘫患者照顾者心理弹性在照顾负担和睡眠质量间的中介和调节作用。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、照顾负担量表、Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表对306名脑卒中偏瘫患者照顾者进行测评。结果照顾者睡眠质量总分为9.3±3.7,睡眠障碍检出率为57.8%;照顾负担总分为35.9±11.2,心理弹性总分为55.0±16.1。照顾负担得分与心理弹性得分呈负相关,与睡眠质量得分呈正相关;心理弹性得分与睡眠质量得分呈负相关(均P0.01)。心理弹性在照顾负担和睡眠质量间起到部分中介和调节作用。结论增强脑卒中偏瘫患者主要照顾者的心理弹性水平,有利于减轻其照顾负担,改善其睡眠质量。