两种银敷料对慢性伤口愈合及渗液酸碱度影响的比较

目的比较两种银敷料辅助治疗慢性感染伤口的效果及对伤口渗液酸碱度的影响,以指导银敷料在慢性伤口治疗中的合理使用。方法将糖尿病足溃疡、压疮、下肢静脉溃疡、创伤性溃疡、烧伤残余创面5类慢性伤口患者104例随机分为A、B两组,每组52例。两组患者均按照统一方法评估、清洗和清创后,A组使用银离子藻酸盐敷料、B组使用纳米银敷料,分别接受30d的伤口局部辅助治疗。观察比较两组伤口治疗前及治疗后不同时间段的伤口愈合评分及渗液pH值。结果随着治疗时间的延长,两组伤口愈合计分和渗液pH值均较治疗前下降,A组患者伤口愈合计分显著优于B组(P0.01);两组伤口渗液pH值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种银敷料辅助治疗慢性感染伤口均能促进伤口愈合,但银离子藻酸盐敷料的效果更优;两种银敷料均能降低伤口渗液pH值且作用相当。     

体表慢性难愈合创面的研究进展

体表慢性难愈合创面（俗称溃疡）,也叫慢性伤口或慢性创面,其定义目前尚未统一界定。国际伤口愈合学会对于慢性创面的定义为：无法通过正常有序而及时的修复过程达到解剖和功能上完整状态的创面。这些创面常常延迟愈合甚至不愈合,存在特定的病因,如糖尿病、缺血、压力等。     

负压封闭结合局部氧疗用于创伤性慢性伤口的效果研究

目的评价负压封闭结合局部氧疗用于创伤性慢性伤口除菌抑菌和改善伤口微环境的效果。方法将64例创伤性慢性伤口患者随机分为两组,每组32例。对照组给予负压封闭伤口治疗;观察组在负压封闭伤口治疗基础上24h局部给氧,持续12d。12d后两组继续按湿性疗法处理伤口或手术治疗,直至愈合或3个月止。两组干预3、6、9、12d评估测量伤口渗液pH、伤口温度,干预前和12d分泌液细菌培养监测伤口细菌阳性率;3个月内的治愈率和愈合时间。结果干预后12d观察组细菌阳性率显著低于对照组(P0.01),两组渗液pH随治疗时间延长而下降,观察组下降更明显(P0.01)。伤口温度随治疗时间增加而升高,观察组升高更明显(P0.01)。观察组治愈率显著高于对照组(P0.05),愈合时间显著短于对照组(P0.01)。结论负压封闭结合局部氧疗治疗优化了伤口微环境,强化了除菌抑菌作用,有助于提高伤口治愈率和缩短愈合时间。     

负压封闭引流术在慢性难愈合伤口治疗的应用

探讨负压封闭引流术（vacuum sealing drainage, VSD）治疗慢性难愈合伤口的疗效。方法 分析从2008年6月至2011年2月,应用VSD治疗慢性难愈合伤口患者29例,评价治疗前后的疼痛缓解情况及创面愈合情况。结果 VSD治疗慢性难愈合伤口疼痛缓解明显。23例创面明显改善,换药或植皮愈合,好转4例创腔缩小后行皮瓣转移术,无效2例,有效率为79.3%。结论 VSD治疗慢性难愈合伤口能促进创面愈合,有效缓解患者疼痛,经济实用。     

伤口微环境对修复细胞生长调控规律的研究

伤口渗出液在很大程度上反映了伤口微环境状况。本研究通过比较伤后不同时间伤口渗出液对修复细胞增殖的影响，探讨了伤口微环境在调控修复细胞增殖方面的变化规律。结果显示：伤后第１，３，７天，伤口渗出液可刺激修复细胞生长。而伤后第９，１１，１５天，伤口渗出液在高浓度胎牛血清存在时，对修复细胞生长呈抑制作用；在低浓度胎牛血清存在时，后期伤口渗出液可诱导细胞死亡。提示在伤口愈合过程的后期，伤口微环境中存在着细胞生长抑制因子     

不同敷料组合对烧伤患者供皮区创面微环境的影响

目的 了解不同敷料组合对烧伤创面微环境及愈合的影响.方法 选择烧伤后需行手术植皮的患者186例,供皮区创面取皮厚度均为0.3 mm.将200个供皮区创面按表格随机法进行分组,分为藻酸盐棉垫组(藻酸盐敷料+棉垫)、凡士林棉垫组(凡士林油纱+棉垫)、藻酸盐泡沫组(藻酸盐敷料+泡沫敷料)、凡士林泡沫组(凡七林油纱+泡沫敷料).观察各种敷料对患者创面水分蒸发量及pH值的影响,比较各组创面的细菌定植情况、揭除敷料时患者疼痛程度及创面愈合时间.结果 共有184例患者的198个创面完成试验全过程,4种组合敷料可造成不同的创面微环境.藻酸盐棉垫组、凡士林棉垫组、藻酸盐泡沫组、凡士林泡沫组患者创面的敷料表面水分蒸发量分别为(35.5±3.2)、(31.3±2.8)、(23.1±2.9)、(18.1±2.3)mL·h-1·m-2,保湿性能以凡士林泡沫组为佳;创面pH值分别为7.22±0.06、7.41±0.03、7.05±0.03、7.34±0.06.创面细菌培养阳性率以藻酸盐泡沫组(4.0%)最低,凡士林泡沫组(22.4%)最高.揭除患者创面敷料时疼痛程度以藻酸盐泡沫组最轻(0.98±0.12),凡士林棉垫组最重(8.14±0.82).创面愈合时间藻酸盐泡沫组最短,为(6.7±0.8)d;凡士林泡沫组最长,为(15.6±3.5)d.结论 不同敷料在同样创面上使用,会营造不同的创面微环境;该环境与创面愈合时间密切相关,湿度对创面愈合的影响比pH值更为重要.     

创面外部微环境的中西医干预策略研究进展

创面外部微环境包括温度、湿度、pH值、氧、压力和微生物等,创面外部微环境的紊乱常导致愈合的延迟,关注创面外部微环境对创面治疗至关重要。合理运用中西医干预策略,能有效促进创面愈合。近年来,对于创面外部微环境的中西医干预策略的研究取得了较大进展。该文主要对创面外部微环境的中西医干预策略进行综述。     

调控生物电场与氧微环境促进创面再生修复

创面治疗最核心的问题是如何加快愈合。近年来,创面微环境对愈合的影响越来越受重视。在影响创面微环境的众多因素中,创面生物电场和氧是非常重要的因素。目前已有一些基于创面生物电场和氧等微环境因素促进创面愈合的新技术用于临床。随着对创面生物电场和氧对创面愈合的作用及其机制研究的不断深入,必将产生一系列调控或营造包括创面生物电场...     

微环境对慢性创面愈合影响的研究进展

慢性创面的治疗是目前亟待解决的医疗难题之一。影响慢性创面愈合的因素包括患者自身的健康状况、创面产生的原因以及外部微环境的变化等。其中外部微环境的变化与慢性创面愈合关联性很强。影响创面微环境的因素有很多,了解这些因素对创面愈合过程中病理生理的具体影响,对于完善慢性创面治疗方法有重要的指导意义。局部微环境的变化对于创面愈合起着关键作用。现就影响慢性创面外部微环境的因素与创面愈合之间的关系作一综述。     

新型敷料用于小面积烧伤的效果观察

目的通过使用新型敷料治疗小面积烧伤，减少了病人的痛苦，加快了伤口的愈合。方法根据烧伤创面不同时期分别采用透明膜类敷料、水胶体、水凝胶、藻酸盐、海绵类浸润愈合。结果新型敷料对小面积烧伤的治疗取得满意疗效。结论各类新型敷料既符合现代伤口敷料的特点，在伤口愈合的不同阶段，使用不同的敷料，可为创面愈合提供最佳的环境。     

The effects of pH on wound healing,biofilms, and antimicrobial efficacy

It is known that pH has a role to play in wound healing. In particular, pH has been shown to affect matrix metalloproteinase activity, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases activity, fibroblast activity, keratinocyte proliferation, microbial proliferation, and also immunological responses in a wound; the patient's defense mechanisms change the local pH of a wound to effect microorganism invasion and proliferation; this pH change has been found to affect the performance of antimicrobials, and therefore the efficacy in biological environments directly relevant to wound healing. Based on the available body of scientific evidence to date, it is clear that pH has a role to play in both the healing of and treatment of chronic and acute wounds. It is the purpose of this review to evaluate the published knowledge base that concerns the effect of pH changes, the role it plays in wound healing and biofilm formation, and how it can affect treatment efficacy and wound management strategies.     

Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management

The healing process in acute wounds has been extensively studied and the knowledge derived from these studies has often been extrapolated to the care of chronic wounds, on the assumption that nonhealing chronic wounds were simply aberrations of the normal tissue repair process. However, this approach is less than satisfactory, as the chronic wound healing process differs in many important respects from that seen in acute wounds. In chronic wounds, the orderly sequence of events seen in acute wounds becomes disrupted or “stuck” at one or more of the different stages of wound healing. For the normal repair process to resume, the barrier to healing must be identified and removed through application of the correct techniques. It is important, therefore, to understand the molecular events that are involved in the wound healing process in order to select the most appropriate intervention. Wound bed preparation is the management of a wound in order to accelerate endogenous healing or to facilitate the effectiveness of other therapeutic measures. Experts in wound management consider that wound bed preparation is an important concept with significant potential as an educational tool in wound management. This article was developed after a meeting of wound healing experts in June 2002 and is intended to provide an overview of the current status, role, and key elements of wound bed preparation. Readers will be able to examine the following issues; ? the current status of wound bed preparation; ? an analysis of the acute and chronic wound environments; ? how wound healing can take place in these environments; ? the role of wound bed preparation in the clinic; ? the clinical and cellular components of the wound bed preparation concept; ? a detailed analysis of the components of wound bed preparation. (WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28)     

The impact of Manuka honey dressings on the surface pH of chronic wounds

Chronic non healing wounds have an elevated alkaline environment. The acidic pH of Manuka honey makes it a potential treatment for lowering wound pH, but the duration of effect is unknown. Lowering wound pH can potentially reduce protease activity, increase fibroblast activity and increase oxygen release consequently aiding wound healing. The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in surface pH and size of non healing ulcers following application of Manuka honey dressing after 2 weeks. The study was an open label, non randomised prospective study. Patients presenting consecutively with non healing chronic superficial ulcers, determined by aetiology and no reduction in wound size in previous 3 weeks. Single pH measurements recorded using Blueline 27 glass surface electrode and R 315 pH meter set (Reagecon/Alkem, Co. Clare Ireland). Area determined using Visitrak (Smith & Nephew, Mull, UK) digital planimetry. Apinate (Manuka honey) (Comvita, Slough, UK) applied to wounds for 2 weeks after which wounds re-evaluated. Eight males and nine females with 20 ulcers (3 bilateral) were included: venous, 50% (n = 10); mixed aetiology, 35% (n = 7); arterial, 10% (n = 2) and pressure ulcer, 5% (n = 1). Reduction in wound pH after 2 weeks was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Wounds with pH >or= 8.0 did not decrease in size and wounds with pH 相似文献   

Relationship Between pH Shifts and Rate of Healing in Chronic Nonhealing Venous Stasis Lower-Extremity Wounds

Venous stasis ulcers represent the majority of lower-extremity ulcers and place a considerable financial burden on the American health care system. Current standard of care therapies remain sub-optimal with 50% of venous stasis ulcers remaining unhealed after 4 months. Sixteen consecutive wounds were enrolled across 8 participants at a single center and underwent pH-driven therapy in addition to standard care as dictated by physicians. Following wound debridement, the pH of the wound bed was measured using pH strips. If acidic, normal saline was used to rinse the wound at every dressing change. If alkaline, nonsterile gauze was soaked in 0.25% acetic acid and applied to the wound for a minimum of 30 seconds. Participants were followed for 4 weeks with research staff observing compliance throughout. All 16 wounds had an alkaline pH at baseline, with an average pH of 8.25 ± 0.55 (range 7.5 to 9). Average area of the wound at the time of enrollment was (mean ± standard deviation) 285.48 ± 43.68 mm², and average age of the wound was 37.5 ± 20.3 months (range 3 to 72). A simple linear regression model found a moderate relationship between pH and the rate of healing of chronic nonhealing venous stasis lower-extremity wounds (correlation coefficient = 0.61). For every 1-unit change in pH, we can expect to see a change in wound size of 116.05 mm². This is the first US-based, open-label, prospective study that examined the effect of pH on the rate of healing in chronic nonhealing venous stasis ulcer lowerextremity wounds.     

Wound bed preparation: a systematic approach to wound management

The healing process in acute wounds has been extensively studied and the knowledge derived from these studies has often been extrapolated to the care of chronic wounds, on the assumption that nonhealing chronic wounds were simply aberrations of the normal tissue repair process. However, this approach is less than satisfactory, as the chronic wound healing process differs in many important respects from that seen in acute wounds. In chronic wounds, the orderly sequence of events seen in acute wounds becomes disrupted or "stuck" at one or more of the different stages of wound healing. For the normal repair process to resume, the barrier to healing must be identified and removed through application of the correct techniques. It is important, therefore, to understand the molecular events that are involved in the wound healing process in order to select the most appropriate intervention. Wound bed preparation is the management of a wound in order to accelerate endogenous healing or to facilitate the effectiveness of other therapeutic measures. Experts in wound management consider that wound bed preparation is an important concept with significant potential as an educational tool in wound management.
This article was developed after a meeting of wound healing experts in June 2002 and is intended to provide an overview of the current status, role, and key elements of wound bed preparation. Readers will be able to examine the following issues;
• the current status of wound bed preparation;
• an analysis of the acute and chronic wound environments;
• how wound healing can take place in these environments;
• the role of wound bed preparation in the clinic;
• the clinical and cellular components of the wound bed preparation concept;
• a detailed analysis of the components of wound bed preparation.
(WOUND REP REG 2003;11:1–28)     

Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Heilung von Defektwunden

Understanding wound healing involves more than simply stating that there are the three phases of inflammation, proliferation and maturation. Wound healing is a complex series of actions, reactions and interactions among cells and mediators in a sequential and simultaneously ongoing temporal process within a spatial frame. At first this article will attempt to provide a concise summary of the events, cellular components and main influential mediators of wound healing over time. Secondly, the pathophysiology of chronic non-healing wounds is described where an imbalance of stimulating and inhibiting factors causes failure of healing. The most relevant extrinsic and intrinsic determinants are described and related to the cellular and molecular level of disturbed wound healing. A basic understanding of wound healing is a prerequisite for any prophylactic or therapeutic maneuver to maintain or re-establish wound equilibrium to give a satisfactory healing trajectory.     

Interactions of cytokines, growth factors, and proteases in acute and chronic wounds

A healing wound represents a complex series of interactions between cells, soluble mediators, and extracellular matrix. Within this multifaceted environment, there are multiple regulatory points which control the ordered series of events that lead to normal tissue repair. An alteration in this physiologic network can lead to the development of a chronic wound. This article presents an update on the numerous mediators that exist within the wound environment in both acute normal healing and chronic nonhealing wounds. We also present a hypothesis which may provide a conceptual pathophysiologic mechanism with which to understand all chronic wounds.     

Novel nitric oxide producing probiotic wound healing patch: preparation and in vivo analysis in a New Zealand white rabbit model of ischaemic and infected wounds

The treatment of chronic wounds poses a significant challenge for clinicians and patients alike. Here we report design and preclinical efficacy of a novel nitric oxide gas (gNO)-producing probiotic patch for wound healing. Specifically, a wound healing patch using lactic acid bacteria in an adhesive gas permeable membrane has been designed and investigated for treating ischaemic and infected full-thickness dermal wounds in a New Zealand white rabbit model for ischaemic wound healing. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed increased wound closure with gNO-producing patch-treated wounds over 21 days of therapy (log-rank P = 0·0225 and Wilcoxon P = 0·0113). Cox proportional hazard regression showed that gNO-producing patch-treated wounds were 2·52 times more likely to close compared with control patches (hazard P = 0·0375, score P = 0·032 and likelihood ratio P = 0·0355), and histological analysis showed improved wound healing in gNO-producing patch-treated animals. This study may provide an effective, safe and less costly alternative for treating chronic wounds.     

A time-dependent survival analysis for early prognosis of chronic wounds by monitoring wound alkalinity

The objective is to determine whether monitoring wound alkalinity between visits may help prognosticate chronic wound healing. The alkalinity of 167 wounds during the first 3 visits was assessed using disposable DETEC® pH. Wounds grouped by frequency of alkaline results were compared by % wound size reduction during each visit and 120-day healing probability. The Cox proportional hazards model for time-dependent variables was used to generate non-healing probability curves, where variables are binary (alkaline/non-alkaline, infection/no infection), categorical (wound type), and continuous (wound area); the response is time to complete wound healing; and the event of interest is complete wound healing in 120 days. Results show that wounds with frequent alkaline results have significantly smaller % size reduction per visit. Logistic regression shows an increase in 120-day healing probability with fewer alkaline results. Survival analysis shows that the instantaneous healing rate of non-alkaline or non-alkaline transitioning wounds is 1.785, 2.925, and 5.908 times that of alkaline or alkaline-transitioning wounds for 1, 2, and 3 alkalinity measurements, respectively. Furthermore, the concordance statistic of each survival model shows that goodness of fit increases with more alkalinity measurements. Overall, frequent wound alkalinity assessments may serve as a novel way to prognosticate wound healing outcomes.