70岁以上高龄患者冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期处理经验

目的　总结连续 2 6例 70岁以上高龄 (>70岁 )患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)围术期治疗经验。方法　 2 0 0 0年 12月至 2 0 0 1年 5月期间 2 6例 >70岁患者行 CABG,16例在体外循环 (CPB)下进行 ,10例在常温下进行 ;并与同期行 CABG的 <70岁患者 (平均年龄 5 6 .4 7± 8.0 5岁 )进行对比。　结果　 >70岁患者中术后死亡 1例 ,手术死亡率 3.85 % ,其他患者恢复平稳出院。　结论　 >70岁患者行 CABG结果良好 ,常温 CABG有更多的优点 ,围术期呼吸功能的维护十分重要。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期心肌梗死四例

近年来 ,我科开展冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG) 15 0例 ,4例围术期发生心肌梗死 (MI) ,经抢救均治愈出院。1　临床资料与方法本组 4例中 ,男 3例 ,女 1例 ;平均年龄 5 4 .0± 1.2岁 ;平均体重 71.5± 2 .0 kg。术前诊断 :冠心病 ,不稳定型心绞痛 ,下壁、前间壁 MI恢复期 ,心功能 级。术前均经心电图 (ECG) ,心脏核素显像及冠状动脉造影确诊为冠状动脉多支病变 ,心功能下降 ,左心室射血分数 (L VEF) 0 .4 0～ 0 .4 5。3例在全身麻醉体外循环下行 CABG,完全再血管化 ,平均移植血管 2 .5± 1.0支 ,采用左乳内动脉及大隐静脉。手术顺利 ,…     

70岁以上患者的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的介绍70岁以上高龄患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的结果和围术期处理策略. 方法对70岁以上患者行CABG 121例,119例(98.3%)为不稳定型心绞痛,113例(93.4%)合并其他疾病.80例(66.1%)采用非体外循环心脏不停跳CABG(OPCAB),41例(33.9%)选择常规体外循环CABG(CCABG);胸膜外技术游离左乳内动脉(LIMA),保持胸膜腔完整,常规将LIMA与左前降支(LAD)吻合,其余桥用大隐静脉(SV).术中使用即时超声血流仪(TTFM)测量移植血管血流,保证吻合口通畅.术后加强物理治疗和营养支持,严格控制血糖于6～10 mmol/L.结果行CCABG患者移植血管3.08±0.75支, OPCAB患者2.24±0.82支,110例(90.9%)使用LIMA.全组死亡1例(急诊手术),死亡率0.8%,死于多器官功能衰竭;发生并发症4例(3.3%).术后呼吸机使用时间OPCAB患者10.04±5.68小时,CCABG患者21.46±14.54小时;住ICU 时间2.65±1.45天,术后12.22±5.56天出院. 结论充分评估手术风险,选择恰当的手术方案,经过缜密的围术期处理,高龄患者亦可取得良好的手术效果.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后围术期心肌缺血

目的　　探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)术后出现围术期心肌缺血 (PMI)的相关危险因素及其处理措施。　方法　回顾性总结 2 6 80例 CABG患者的临床资料 ,并根据术后是否发生 PMI将其分为 PMI组 (30例 )和非PMI组 (2 6 5 0例 ) ,分析 CABG后出现 PMI的危险因素。　结果　 PMI组中 11例进行急诊再血管化 ,其余行主动脉内球囊反搏 (IABP)或药物治疗 ;院内死亡 7例 ,死亡率为 2 3.3%。心绞痛症状缓解 2 2例 ,心电图完全或部分复原 9例 ,残留心肌梗死改变 14例。非 PMI组院内死亡 5 8例 ,死亡率为 2 .2 %。两组死亡率之间比较差别具有显著性意义(χ2 =5 6 .0 4 ,P=0 .0 0 1)。多因素分析表明 ,术前无心肌梗死史、冠状动脉弥漫性病变和术中内膜剥脱为相关危险因素。结论　 PMI是 CABG术后一种比较危险的并发症 ,严重者可危及生命 ,及早诊断和适当的治疗尤为重要 ,对于因旁路血管堵塞造成的 PMI,急诊再次血管移植是挽救患者生命的必要措施。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术343例治疗体会

目的 总结非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的手术经验、围手术期治疗及疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术343例患者的临床资料.结果 术后(13.2±7.8)h拔除气管插管,ICU监护时间(4.0±2.1)d,住院时间(21.7±8.2)d,术后7例使用主动脉球囊反搏,9例行床边血液透析治疗,主要并发症包括心律失常106例(30.9%),一过性精神症状67例(19.5%),低氧血症63例(18.4%),应激性溃疡45例(13.1%),糖尿病酮症酸中毒2例(0.6%).住院死亡2例(0.6%),死亡原因为顽固性低心排综合征合并多器官功能衰竭综合征.结论 非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术安全可行,疗效满意.正确地掌握其手术适应证、熟练的手术技巧和细致全面的围术期处理是确保手术顺利进行及术后获得满意疗效的关键.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术26例

2003年3月至2004年10月问我院为26例冠心病患者施行了非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB），取得了一定的临床效果，现总结其围术期的经验、教训。     

高危病人冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期处理

1997年 1 0月至 2 0 0 0年 1 2月 ,我们共完成高危病人冠状动脉旁路移植术 (ＣＡＢＧ) 66例 ,疗效满意 ,现报道如下。临床资料　全组 66例中男 48例 ,女 1 8例。年龄 46～ 80岁 ,平均 68 7岁。高危因素包括 :(1 )女性肥胖病人 ;(2 )合并高血压及糖尿病 ;(3)射血分数 <0 35 ;(4)年龄 >70岁 ;(5)急性心梗、心源性休克 ;(6)左室室壁瘤 ;(7)ＰＴＣＡ后急症手术 ;(8)肾功能不全 ;(9)严重肺部病变 ,肺功能低下 ,ＭＶＶ <50 % ;(1 0 )合并瓣膜病变 ;(1 1 )不稳定心绞痛 ,左右干合并三支病变等。其危险因素分值均 >5 ,每例平均搭桥 2 67支。手术方…     

80岁以上高龄患者冠状动脉旁路移植术的围术期处理

目的探讨80岁以上高龄患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的围术期处理经验。方法自2001年6月至2007年3月,我院共为56例80岁(82.98±5.97岁)以上高龄患者行单纯CABG,其中体外循环CABG9例,非体外循环CABG(OPCAB)47例。每例移植血管1~5支(2.99±0.47支)。结果围术期死亡4例(7.14%),死于呼吸衰竭2例、低心排血量综合征1例、急性肾功能衰竭1例。术后发生低心排血量综合征5例、呼吸系统并发症6例(3例行气管切开)、急性肾功能损伤4例(2例行持续性肾脏替代治疗)。术后发生心房颤动39例。术中和术后应用主动脉内球囊反搏3例,呼吸机辅助时间12.0±9.8h,住ICU时间3.91±1.98d,术后住院时间12.35±4.46d。48例患者随访1~59个月,随访期间死亡10例,生存的患者心绞痛症状均缓解或消失。结论80岁以上高龄患者行CABG仍有较高的死亡率,应加强围术期处理,以进一步降低死亡率和并发症的发生率。     

脱泵冠状动脉旁路血管移植术患者围术期并发室颤的处理

冠状动脉旁路血管移植术（CABG）已成为治疗冠心病的有效手段，而脱泵冠状动脉旁路血管移植术（OPCABG）由于避免了由体外循环（CPB）导致的一系列并发症，临床应用日趋广泛。但由于该类手术患者特殊的病理生理改变，围手术期室颤的发生率较高。本院自2002年1月至2006年1月。共完成OPCABG2308例，其中38例患者在围手术期并发室颤（1．6％），现将其原因及抢救体会总结如下。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后患者肺部并发症发生的预防效果

目的 评价术前静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚对非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术后患者肺部并发症(PPC)发生的预防效果.方法 非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术患者140例,性别不限,年龄35 ～ 80岁,体重55 ～ 80 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法,将其分为2组(n=70):对照组(C组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P组).于气管插管后即刻P组缓慢静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚20 μg/kg(5 ml),C组以等容量生理盐水替代.记录术后72 h内患者PPC的发生情况.结果 C组和P组PPC发生率分别为33％和16％.与C组比较,P组PPC发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 术前静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚20 μg/kg可预防非停跳冠状动脉搭桥术患者PPC的发生.     

Gastrointestinal complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal complications (GICs) such as gastroduodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, and ischemic colitis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are rare, but are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The present study was performed to detect risk factors and to investigate outcomes following GICs after CABG. METHODS: Between January 1992 and December 2001, 17 of 549 patients (3.1%) developed GICs after CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass, presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastroduodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, or ischemic colitis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of these patients. RESULTS: All patients required emergent treatment for hemorrhage by means of blood transfusion and endoscopic ablation and/or clipping. The following possible predictors of GICs were identified by logistic multivariate analysis: age over 70, diabetes mellitus (particularly insulin-dependent diabetes), history of cerebrovascular disease or history of renal failure and postoperative low output syndrome (LOS). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that GICs after CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass are rare but can be lethal. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention can be difficult but are potentially life saving for patients in whom GICs develop.     

非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术的围术期管理

目的：比较非体外循环搭桥术与体外循环搭桥术病人的术中及术后早期恢复情况。方法39例病人接受了非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术,同时期33例病人接受了体外循环冠脉搭桥术。两组均采用中等剂量阿片静脉复合全麻,结果：病人的麻醉时间、手术时间、术后机械通气时间和在监护室的停留时间,非体外循环组明显短于体外循环组（P＜0．01）。围术期平均输血量和血血病人数在1支桥病人中非体外循环组明显少于体外循环组（P＜0．05）。术后房颤发生率和围术期心肌梗死发生率两组间无明显差异,术后脑卒中,低心排及死亡的发生率各组均为0％。结论与外循环搭桥术相比,非体外循环搭桥术缩短了病人的麻醉、手术及在监护室停留时间,加快了病人的恢复、从耐而提高了手术的安全性,并降低了手术费用。     

不同剂量糖皮质激素预防患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发症的效果:meta分析

目的 采用meta分析评价不同剂量糖皮质激素预防患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发症的效果.方法 检索PubMed、EMbase、Highwire、CENTREN及其下属各临床注册试验数据中心、中国生物医学文献数据库和中国期刊全文数据库,检索时间限定2000年至2010年.收集冠状动脉旁路移植术患者给予不同剂量糖皮质激素预防术后并发症的随机对照研究.采用Cochrane协作网系统评价文献质量,并分析有关资料,主要包括术后房颤的发生情况、术后因高血糖需胰岛素治疗的情况、术后感染发生情况、术后死亡情况(住院期间或出院30 d内)和机械通气时间.采用RevMan 5.1软件进行meta分析.结果 纳入21项研究,共1737例患者.冠状动脉旁路移植术患者给予不同剂量糖皮质激素可降低术后房颤发生的风险,不增加各种原因感染及死亡的风险；中、大剂量增加因高血糖需要胰岛素治疗的风险；大剂量糖皮质激素患者机械通气时间延长.结论 冠状动脉旁路移植术患者给予不同剂量糖皮质激素可降低术后房颤的发生风险,且不增加感染和死亡的风险；中、大剂量可增加因高血糖需胰岛素治疗的风险；大剂量可增加机械通气时间延长的风险.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting reduces postoperative neurologic complications

OBJECTIVE: Complications occurring after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, particularly neurologic damage, have been mainly correlated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this work was to compare postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing CABG surgery, with or without the use of CPB, focusing on neurologic events. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: University tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand seven hundred and forty consecutive patients who underwent CABG surgery in the period January 1998 to January 2003. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For 738 patients, the operation was performed off-pump (OP group), and for 2002 patients CPB was used (CPB group). OP and CPB groups were compared with regard to preoperative status, anesthetic management, and postoperative outcomes, by means of univariate and multivariate analyses. Surgeons' propensity to operate off-pump was based on patients' age, renal conditions, and hemodynamics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that CPB was associated with a higher incidence of type I neurologic events compared with OP technique (2.1% versus 0.9%, odds ratio [OR]: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.9). A history of previous stroke (OR: 2.7, 95% CI, 1.2-5.9) and advanced age (OR: 1.06 per year, 95% CI, 1.02-1.09) were additional independent predictors of postoperative type I neurologic events. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' experience, off-pump CABG surgery offers some benefits compared with CPB in respect to major neurologic complications.     

Preoperative and postoperative management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts

In the preoperative care of patients for coronary artery bypass grafting, emphasis is given to the need for good coronary arteriograms and left ventricular cineangiograms, and the proper timing of operation after these investigations. The special measures needed for dealing with unstable and variant angina are discussed, and it is recommended that betaadrenergic blocking drugs should not be discontinued before operation. Good postoperative care is easiest when the operation habeen correctly performed. The management of postoperative hypertension, arrhythmias, low output syndrome, and myocardial infarction is discussed. Following discharge from the hospital, it is important to minimize known risk indicators for coronary artery disease and to encourage the patient to achieve as complete functional rehabilitation as possible. Excellent relief of angina is obtained in about 80% of patients initially, but in those who have recurrence of chest pain postoperatively, the possibility of a second coronary artery bypass grafting operation may be considered. The need for long-term follow-up and aftercare of coronary artery surgical patients is stressed, so that the true benefit to the patient in terms of improved quality and quantity of life may be established.

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Résumé Dans la préparation préopératoire en vue d'un pontage coronaire, il est important d'avoir de bonnes coronarographies et une bonne ventriculographie gauche et il faut, entre ces examens et l'opération, un délai adéquat. Nous discutons les mesures spéciales à prendre en cas d'angor instable et variable. Il ne faut pas arrêter les drogues bêta-bloquantes avant l'intervention.Les soins postopératoires sont faciles lorsque l'opération a été bien faite. Nous discutons les thérapeutiques de l'hypertension postopératoire, des arythmies, des débits bas, d l'infarctus myocardique. Après la sortie de l'hôpital, le malade doit éviter tous les facteurs favorisant la maladie coronaire et il faut encourager une réhabilitation fonctionnelle aussi complète que possible. On atteint, au début, une sédation excellente de l'angor dans quelques 80% des cas. Chez ceux qui ont, après l'opération, une récidive de douleurs thoraciques, il faut envisager la possibilité d'un second pontage coronarien. Les opérés des coronaires doivent être suivis et traités pendant longtemps, pour que l'on puisse préciser le réel gain pour les malades aux points de vue durée et qualité de la survie.

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Philip K. Caves died suddenly on July 23, 1978.     

Subclavian artery reconstruction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

The presence of occlusive disease of the subclavian artery (SCA) proximal to the origin of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) influences the operative strategy and the outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Of 780 patients who underwent CABG, concomitant SCA occlusive lesions were reconstructed in 13 patients (nine males, four females). The affected SCAs were left-sided in 11 patients, and right-sided and bilateral in one, each. An aortoaxillary bypass utilizing an 8-mm PTFE graft was constructed in nine patients and a carotid-subclavian (C-S) transposition in two, simultaneously with CABG. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty with a stent was performed in two patients prior to CABG. With follow-up periods ranging from 4 to 8.4 years (mean, 6.3 years), aortoaxillary bypass grafts were patent in all patients. Other reconstructive procedures, including a C-S transposition and balloon angioplasty, were performed safely and effectively in off-pump CABG patients. In six patients, the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) could be used as a graft to the coronary artery after SCA reconstruction. Aortoaxillary bypass using an 8-mm PTFE graft is a safe and effective way for simultaneous subclavian reconstruction in patients undergoing CABG. Mid-term patency of the graft is satisfactory. The LITA can be used as a graft to the coronary arteries in selected patients. Preoperative brachial angiography is mandatory in these patients.     

电针刺内关穴对不停跳冠脉搭桥患者术后认知功能的影响

目的 研究电针刺内关穴对不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)患者术后认知功能及愈后转归的影响.方法 择期行OPCAB患者36例,随机均分为针刺组和对照组.针刺组在术前及完成搭桥后对双侧内关穴进行电针刺激,对照组不给予任何电针刺激.记录CICU停留时间及患者住院天数、术后转归等情况.分别在术前1d、术后1周、术后1月对患者进行简易精神状态测量(MMSE).结果 针刺组机械通气时间、ICU时间、总住院天数均显著短于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).两组POCD发生率组间差异无统计学意义.术中麻醉药用量两组差异无统计学意义.结论 针刺内关穴可改善OPCAB患者术后转归,但不能显著降低POCD.     

Autologous platelet sequestration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVES: Blood conservation remains an important issue for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Platelet sequestration (PSQ) is an aggressive autologous blood conservation method, whose effectiveness is still debated. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate whether PSQ reduces postoperative blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to determine if PSQ is a cost-effective blood conservation method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All adult patients admitted for CABG entered the study. Exclusion criteria were: recent blood transfusion (<7 days), a platelet count of 150x10(3)/microl or less, hematocrit less than 35% and body weight 50 kg or less. The sequestration was aim 20% or more of the total platelet plasma volume. The sequestration protocol was three sequestration cycles performed just prior to surgery. The concentrated platelet portion was reinfused after weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass. Hundred seven parameters/patients were recorded. Sixty patients entered the study; 30 in the PSQ group and 30 controls (CTR). RESULTS: Patient characteristics, operation data, preoperative hematology and coagulation parameters did not differ between the groups. In the PSQ group a mean of 433+/-34 ml concentrated platelet portion was collected. The mean platelet count in the concentrated platelet portion was 749+/-157x10(3)/microl, resulting in a platelet yield of 28+/-6% (2040%). The average total chest tube blood loss was 423 ml (PSQ) compared to 858 ml (CTR), p<0.001. A greater number of CTR patients required blood transfusion postoperatively (23) compared to PSQ (3), P<0.001, and fluid requirements were also significantly increased in the control group, P<0.001. No statistical differences in hematology and coagulation parameters between the groups were observed. The hospital mortality was low and the incidence of postoperative complications was few and without group differences. Post-extubation gas exchange was better in PSQ patients compared to CTR. CONCLUSIONS: A preoperative PSQ of a minimum 20% of the total platelet plasma volume resulted in significantly lower postoperative blood loss and fluid and blood transfusion requirements compared to controls. Post-extubation gas exchange was also better after PSQ. Only one patient did not tolerate the sequestration. No other adverse effects of the procedure were observed.