犬气管吻合口愈合的形态学研究

为观察气管吻合口修复的形态学改变，将２４条犬气管分单纯横断、袖状切除和管型重建３组。术后４周各组吻合口上皮均基本修复。袖状切除组因吻合口张力大、局部缺血、乏氧导致瘢痕形成，出现不同程度的吻合口狭窄；管型重建组因吻合口张力小，基本不影响吻合口愈合，不易产生物合口狭窄。作者认为带肋间血管蒂胸壁复合软组织瓣管型是较理想的气管替代物。     

Occurrence and Diversity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages in Livestock in the UK

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans and a wide range of livestock species. It is a genetically heterogeneous parasite that has been characterized in seven distinct genetic assemblages or cryptic species, and molecular markers can be used to differentiate both animal‐specific and potentially zoonotic genotypes. Little is known about G. duodenalis and the range of assemblages occurring in domestic livestock species in the UK. Here, we present data on the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis detected in the faeces or large intestinal contents of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and camelids from farms in the north‐west of England. Both healthy and clinically diseased animals were included in the survey. The presence of Giardia spp. and assemblages was determined by sequencing of the small‐subunit ribosomal RNA gene. The potential association of infection with various clinical and epidemiological parameters was studied in cattle using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Giardia spp. were detected in 127 (34.3%) of the 370 animals tested. G. duodenalis assemblage E was found to be predominant in cattle and sheep, followed by assemblage A. Mixed infections with assemblages A and E were also detected. Interestingly, some cattle, sheep and pigs were found to be infected with more unexpected assemblages (C, D, F). Pre‐weaned calves were more likely to test positive than adult animals, but no association between the occurrence of overt intestinal disease and G. duodenalis infection was detected. The common occurrence of assemblage A and the finding of unusual assemblages in atypical hosts suggest that in future, a multilocus analysis should be used to confirm the actual diversity of G. duodenalis in livestock and the presence of potentially zoonotic genotypes. These data also suggest that there is a need to re‐evaluate the clinical significance of G. duodenalis infection in livestock.     

A Survey of Zoonotic Pathogens Carried by Non‐Indigenous Rodents at the Interface of the Wet Tropics of North Queensland,Australia

In 1964, Brucella was isolated from rodents trapped in Wooroonooran National Park (WNP), in Northern Queensland, Australia. Genotyping of bacterial isolates in 2008 determined that they were a novel Brucella species. This study attempted to reisolate this species of Brucella from rodents living in the boundary area adjacent to WNP and to establish which endo‐ and ecto‐parasites and bacterial agents were being carried by non‐indigenous rodents at this interface. Seventy non‐indigenous rodents were trapped [Mus musculus (52), Rattus rattus (17) and Rattus norvegicus (1)], euthanized and sampled on four properties adjacent to the WNP in July 2012. Organ pools were screened by culture for Salmonella, Leptospira and Brucella species, real‐time PCR for Coxiella burnetii and conventional PCR for Leptospira. Collected ecto‐ and endo‐parasites were identified using morphological criteria. The percentage of rodents carrying pathogens were Leptospira (40%), Salmonella choleraesuis ssp. arizonae (14.29%), ectoparasites (21.42%) and endoparasites (87%). Brucella and C. burnetii were not identified, and it was concluded that their prevalences were below 12%. Two rodent‐specific helminthic species, namely Syphacia obvelata (2.86%) and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (85.71%), were identified. The most prevalent ectoparasites belonged to Laelaps spp. (41.17%) followed by Polyplax spp. (23.53%), Hoplopleura spp. (17.65%), Ixodes holocyclus (17.64%) and Stephanocircus harrisoni (5.88%), respectively. These ectoparasites, except S. harrisoni, are known to transmit zoonotic pathogens such as Rickettsia spp. from rat to rat and could be transmitted to humans by other arthropods that bite humans. The high prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira species is of significant public health concern. This is the first known study of zoonotic agents carried by non‐indigenous rodents living in the Australian wet‐tropical forest interface.     

睾丸生精障碍患者血清抗FSH抗体的测定及临床意义

目的 :建立人血清抗卵泡刺激素 (FSH)抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定法 (ELISA) ,探讨血清抗FSH抗体与男性不育的关系。　方法 :用本室建立的FSH抗体ELISA法 ,分别检测 15 0例男性不育患者和 5 0例正常生育男性血清抗FSH抗体水平。　结果 :少弱精子症和无精子症患者抗FSH抗体阳性率分别为 2 2 .4 % (2 2 / 98)和 5 4 .5 % (12 / 2 2 ) ,精子密度、活率正常的男性不育患者抗FSH抗体阳性率为 6 .7% (2 / 30 ) ,生育男性的阳性率则为 4 % (2 / 5 0 )。少、弱精子症患者抗FSH抗体阳性率明显高于精子密度、活率正常的男性不育患者及正常生育男性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,明显低于无精子症患者 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;精子密度、活率正常的男性不育患者抗FSH抗体阳性率与正常生育男性相比差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :少、弱精子症患者 ,尤其是无精子症患者 ,血清中存在较高水平的抗FSH抗体 ,抗FSH抗体的存在可能与FSH形成抗原抗体复合物 ,进而影响FSH活性 ,妨碍精子发生。     

Preservation of the ischaemic canine kidney with inosine

Summary Direct intra-renal perfusion of inosine was found to protect the canine kidney from 90 min of warm is chaemia.Significantly lower (P<0.01) serum creatinine levels were found 24 and 72 h post-operatively in an inosine treated group (N=12) when compared to a control group (N=5).Histological examination of the pre-treated kidneys confirmed the protective effect of inosine.     

Detection of Occult Renovascular Disease in Unexplained Chronic Kidney Disease

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a recognized cause of renal impairment. RAS is often overlooked in unexplained chronic kidney disease (CKD). A retrospective analysis of renal angiograms was performed to determine the prevalence of occult renovascular disease in 64 (M:F, 46:18; ages 21–81 years [median 60 years]) patients with unexplained CKD. Twelve patients had diabetes mellitus (type II: 11) and 43 were smokers. Median serum creatinine was 5.2 mg/dl (range 1.5–10.6 mg/dl). Group A included patients with unexplained CKD and with no risk factors for RAS and Group B had patients with increased risk for RAS. A narrowing of the renal vessel, main artery or branch, by >50% on renal arteriography was used as diagnostic criteria for RAS. 31/64 patients had positive angiographic findings. Thirteen patients had unilateral RAS, 9 had bilateral RAS, 5 had unilateral stenosis with occlusion on the opposite side, 3 had unilateral occlusion and 1 had a solitary kidney with RAS. 19/34 (54%) in Group A and 12/30 (40%) in Group B had a positive renal angiogram. In 10 patients with a rise in serum creatinine on recent introduction of ACE inhibition, 2 had evidence of RAS on renal arteriography. Eleven patients underwent angioplasty and 2 reconstructive surgeries. In 4 patients, blood pressure control improved and anti-hypertensive drug requirements were reduced, whilst renal replacement therapy was postponed in 4, by 2–24 months. In 18 patients, the lesions were not amenable to angioplasty or reconstructive surgery. Four patients did not benefit in any form with intervention. Occult atheromatous renal vascular disease is a common, not readily predictable and potentially correctable etiology of unexplained CKD.     

犬肝管胆囊吻合和肝管空肠吻合术后胆汁成分变化的对比

目的　探讨犬肝管胆囊吻合和肝管空肠吻合术后胆汁成分的不同变化。方法　 2 9条犬被随机分为对照组 (5条 )和不全梗阻模型组 (2 4条 )分别实施假手术和左肝管不全梗阻 ,不全梗阻 7周后平均随机分为胆囊胆管吻合术 (HC组 ,12条 )和空肠胆管吻合术 (HJ组 ,12条 ) ,分别实施HC和HJ ,术中及术后 1个和 5个月分别引流胆管胆汁 ,进行成分 [胆汁酸 (TAB)、未结合胆红素(UCB)、钙离子、总胆红素 (TB)、胆固醇 (Ch)、磷脂 (PL)等 ]检测。结果　术后 1个和 5个月时 ,吻合口上方胆汁中总胆汁酸、胆固醇、总胆红素、磷脂浓度HC组均显著性高于同期HJ组 ,而游离胆红素、钙离子两组间差异均无显著性 ;术后 5个月时 ,HC组Ca2 ,UCB/TAB比值为 0 .0 8± 0 .0 1,显著性低于HJ组的 0 .2 3± 0 .0 7。结论　与HJ相比 ,HC术后肝管胆汁成分更有利于减少结石发生。     

胃肠外科病种护理质量评价指标体系的研制

目的 建立胃肠外科病种护理质量评价指标体系,体现专科护理特点,提高专科护理质量.方法 采用专家会议和专家咨询法对初步拟定的评价指标进行咨询和论证,并对专家咨询所得数据资料采用离散趋势法、相关系数法、聚类分析法、因子分析法筛选指标.结果 确立了环节质量、终末质量和整体护理质量3个一级指标和17个二级指标,3个一级指标的权重分别为0.40、0.40、0.20.17个二级指标在相应一级指标中的权重为0.05～0.45;93.3%～100%专家认为指标合适,80.0%指标权重的变异系数<10%.结论 胃肠外科病种护理质量评价指标体系具有准确性、科学性、完整性及实用性,能很好地用于胃肠外科病种护理质量评价.     

Our experience in eight cases with urinary hydatid disease: A series of 372 cases held in nine different clinics

OBJECTIVES: Hydatid disease, a parasitic infestation caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is diagnosed commonly in the east and south-east regions of Turkey. The aim of this study is to emphasize the relatively frequent occurrences of echinococcosis in our region, and to discuss therapeutic options and treatment results according to current literature. METHODS: A retrospective 10-year review of nine different clinics' records of the Research Hospital of the Medical School of Yüzüncü Yil University revealed 372 hydatid disease cases that were localized in various organs and treated surgically (271 cases) or drained percutaneously (99 cases). Hydatid disease was diagnosed by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography scans (CT) and confirmed histopathologically. RESULTS: The involved organ was lung in 203 cases (131 adults, 72 children), liver in 150, spleen in 9, brain in 2, kidneys in 7 cases and the retrovesical area in 1 case. The urogenital system is involved at a rate of 2.15%. Two hundred and seventy-one cases were treated surgically and 99 percutaneously. Two cases with renal hydatid cyst refused the surgical procedure (one had a solitary kidney with hydatid cyst). Albendazole was administered to 192 patients; 93 patients had open surgical procedure and 99 patients underwent percutaneous procedure. Cysts were excised totally in the open surgical procedure; however, involved kidneys were removed totally (four cases) except one. Cystectomy and omentoplasty was performed in one case. Complications were as follows: in six cases, cystic material was spilled into the bronchial cavity during the dissection and a renal hydatid cyst ruptured and spilled retroperitoneally. CONCLUSION: Hydatid disease is a serious health problem in Turkey. The mainly affected organs are liver and lung. It can be treated surgical or by percutaneous aspiration.     

Prevalence,Distribution and Factors Associated with the Presence and the Potential for Malignancy of Cutaneous Neoplasms in 174 Dogs Admitted to a Clinic in Northern Greece

One hundred and seventy-four dogs diagnosed with cutaneous neoplasms in the Animal Medical and Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, were studied. Thirty-one types of neoplasm were diagnosed, among which mast cell tumours (13.8%), hepatoid gland adenomas (9.8%), lipomas (5.7%) and histiocytomas (5.7%) were the most common. The prevalence of epithelial, mesenchymal, lymphohistiocytic and melanocytic tumours was 47.7, 40.8, 8.6 and 2.9%, respectively. Potentially malignant neoplasms were less frequently recorded than benign neoplasms. The tumours were single (80.5%) or multiple (19.5%) and located on the head and neck (18.4%), the body trunk (49.4%), the limbs (25.9%) or at multiple sites (6.3%). The factors evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models for possible association with the odds of a tumour's potential for malignancy included the age, the sex and the breed of the dog, as well as the histological type of the neoplasm. Dogs with mesenchymal tumours had two times higher odds of potential for malignancy than those with epithelial tumours. In contrast, dogs with either lymphohistiocytic or melanocytic tumours did not have increased risk of malignancy compared with dogs with epithelial tumours. The odds of tumour malignancy linearly increased with increasing age of the dog by a factor of 1.1 per year. Finally, the effect of the sex and the breed of the dog on the risk of developing cutaneous neoplasms was investigated in an age-matched case–control sample of 348 dogs by conditional logistic regression analysis. The odds of neoplasm presence were two times higher in pure bred dogs than in mongrels but did not differ between cross-breeds and mongrels.     

Detection of influenza D virus in bovine respiratory disease samples,UK

Influenza D is a newly described virus of cattle, pigs and small ruminants first detected in North America during 2011. Cattle have been shown to be the main viral reservoir and mounting evidence indicates that infection with influenza D may contribute to the development of bovine respiratory disease. The virus has been detected across the United States, Europe and Asia. To date, influenza D has not been reported in the UK. During the winter and spring of 2017/2018, we performed molecular testing of cattle submitted for post‐mortem examination where respiratory disease signs were present. We detected influenza D virus in 8.7% of cases, often as the sole viral agent and always in conjunction with bacterial co‐infection with one or more agents. Viral RNA was present in both the upper and lower respiratory tract and pathological changes in lung tissues were observed alongside signs of concurrent bacterial infections. Sequencing of one UK isolate revealed that it is similar to viruses from the Republic of Ireland and Italy.     

Detection and Sequence Analysis of Equine Gammaherpesviruses from Horses with Respiratory Tract Disease in Turkey

The equid herpesvirus 2 (EHV‐2) and 5 (EHV‐5), identified agents of respiratory infections and keratoconjunctivitis cases in some equids, comprise a high degree of antigenic heterogeneity. Prevalence and genetic characterization of EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 strains from Turkey were investigated in this study. A total of 73 nasal swabs and 54 blood specimens were sampled from horses with respiratory tract diseases characterized by mucopurulent nasal discharge and occasional coughing. Overall, EHV‐2‐ and EHV‐5‐specific DNA amplicons were obtained from 19.2% (14/73) and 21.9% (16/73) of horses tested by multiplex nested PCR. Sequences of EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 glycoprotein B (gB) gene were used in a phylogenetic analysis that included six EHV‐2 and three EHV‐5 isolates, which showed that the Turkish EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 strains have marked sequence divergence from European strains and from each other. Turkish EHV‐2 isolates were divided into two distinct subdivisions, and a few isolates were located on a separate branch. This study provides the first epidemiological and phylogenetical report about EHV‐2 and EHV‐5 infections in Turkey.     

Effects of Neonatal Enzyme Replacement Therapy and Simvastatin Treatment on Cervical Spine Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis I Dogs

Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by deficient α‐L‐iduronidase activity, leading to the accumulation of poorly degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Children with MPS I exhibit high incidence of spine disease, including accelerated disc degeneration and vertebral dysplasia, which in turn lead to spinal cord compression and kyphoscoliosis. In this study we investigated the efficacy of neonatal enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), alone or in combination with oral simvastatin (ERT + SIM) for attenuating cervical spine disease progression in MPS I, using a canine model. Four groups were studied: normal controls; MPS I untreated; MPS I ERT‐treated; and MPS I ERT + SIM–treated. Animals were euthanized at age 1 year. Intervertebral disc condition and spinal cord compression were evaluated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and plain radiographs, vertebral bone condition and odontoid hypoplasia were evaluated using micro–computed tomography (µCT), and epiphyseal cartilage to bone conversion was evaluated histologically. Untreated MPS I animals exhibited more advanced disc degeneration and more severe spinal cord compression than normal animals. Both treatment groups resulted in partial preservation of disc condition and cord compression, with ERT + SIM not significantly better than ERT alone. Untreated MPS I animals had significantly lower vertebral trabecular bone volume and mineral density, whereas ERT treatment resulted in partial preservation of these properties. ERT + SIM treatment demonstrated similar, but not greater, efficacy. Both treatment groups partially normalized endochondral ossification in the vertebral epiphyses (as indicated by absence of persistent growth plate cartilage), and odontoid process size and morphology. These results indicate that ERT begun from a very early age attenuates the severity of cervical spine disease in MPS I, particularly for the vertebral bone and odontoid process, and that additional treatment with simvastatin does not provide a significant additional benefit over ERT alone. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Persistence with teriparatide in patients with osteoporosis: the UK experience

Introduction The objective of this paper was to determine the persistence with teriparatide at 12 months in all patients in the UK who were prescribed the treatment since its launch.Methods Virtually all patients prescribed teriparatide in the UK receive treatment through Healthcare at Home, Basingstoke, UK. Data was obtained to assess the start date, discontinuation date and reason for discontinuation in all patients receiving teriparatide since its launch. Persistence was defined as the number of patients continuing treatment.Results A total of 1,104 patients were included in the analysis. The median duration of use in all patients was 252 days. Of the 435 patients who were at least 12 months post-initiation of treatment, persistence was 87%. Forty-two patients (3.8%) had discontinued treatment due to adverse events.Conclusions This study demonstrates that persistence with teriparatide at 12 months is very high and is probably greater than that of existing oral therapies for osteoporosis. The reasons for the high persistence rates seen with teriparatide are likely to be multi-factorial. The high persistence rates should help to optimise the effectiveness of therapy in this group of high-risk patients.