支气管哮喘患者血浆内皮素降钙素基因相关肽水平观察

为探讨支气管哮喘与血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肤水平的关系。选择哮喘发作期患者12例,于发作期及缓解期和对照组20例,测定其静脉血浆内皮素(ET)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平。结果支气管哮喘发作期的患者血浆中ET、CGRP水平高于缓解期和对照组(P<0.01);而缓解期的患者与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结果提示支气管哮喘急性发作期患者血浆ET、CGRP释放增加,可能是促进哮喘气道炎症反应的发病机制之一。     

非典型哮喘患者血浆及肺泡灌洗液内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽水平与临床意义

为探讨内皮素 (ET)和降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)在成人支气管哮喘患者发病中的作用与临床意义。方法 :用放射免疫技术测定了非典型哮喘患者 2 0例血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中ET和CGRP水平 ,并与支气管炎患者 2 0例进行了对比。结果 :哮喘发作期血浆及BALF中ET和CGRP水平均高于对照组 ,P <0 0 0 5 ;而BALF中CGRP水平为血浆的 2倍 ,治疗缓解期ET和CGRP水平明显降低 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :ET和CGRP可能是参与支气管哮喘发作及气道炎症与气道重建过程的重要因子。对非典型哮喘患者进行血浆 ,特别是BALF中ET和CGRP检测 ,有助其早期诊断和病情程度及疗效的评估。     

支气管哮喘血浆内皮素水平及临床意义的研究

目的 :探讨支气管哮喘与内皮素 - 1 (ET - 1 )的关系 ;方法 :采用放射免疫法测定2 0例健康人和 36例支气管哮喘病人发作期与缓解期血浆ET - 1水平 ;结果 :轻度发作组发作期与缓解期相比无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;中度发作组与缓解期比明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;重度发作期与缓解期比亦显著升高 (P <0 0 1 ) ;结论 :支气管哮喘发作期血浆ET - 1明显升高 ,且与病情程度相一致     

哮喘患儿血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽和一氧化氮的测定及临床意义

目的 研究内皮素（ET）、降钙素基因相关肽9CGRP）和一氧化氮（NO）在哮喘患儿的发病作用及临床意义。方法 对22例重度哮喘发作患儿治疗前后用放射免疫法测定血浆ET、CGRP含量,用比色法测定NO含量,并与20例健康儿童作对照分析。结果 哮急性发作期血将ET、NO水平均高于绥解期及正常对照组,P＜0.01,哮喘解期ET含理仍高于正常对照组,P＜0.01,CGRP在急性发作期、缓解期与正常对照组差异无显著性,P＞0.05。结论 ET、NO参与哮喘发病过程,ET和NO升高是哮喘生发作的重要实验室依据。     

肺心病心力衰竭患者血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽变化临床意义

采用放射免疫方法测定40例肺心病患者心力衰竭期和缓解期血浆内皮素（ET）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的浓度。结果显示：肺心病患者心衰期血浆ET和CGRP含量显著高于缓解期（P＜0．01），且和心衰程度呈正相关（P＜0.01）．提示血浆ET和CGRP可能参与病情的演变过程。     

支气管哮喘患者血浆内皮素测定及其临床意义

目的　评价支气管哮喘患者血浆内皮素水平及其临床意义。方法　测定 3 1例支气管哮喘患者急性发作期及其中 2 6例临床缓解期的血浆内皮素水平 ,同时测定急性发作期患者血氧分压变化情况。结果　支气管哮喘急性发作期血浆内皮素水平显著高于临床缓解期和正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,血浆内皮素水平同血氧分压呈显著负相关 (r =— 0 .78,P <0 .0 1) ;临床缓解期血浆内皮素水平同正常对照组相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　支气管哮喘急性发作期血浆内皮素水平显著增高 ,其水平可以作为判断病情严重程度的一项有效指标。     

慢性乙型肝病患者内皮素、一氧化氮、心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽的变化及临床意义的研究

目的 :探讨慢性乙型肝病患者血浆内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)、心钠素 (ANP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)水平及相互关系。方法 :测定 6 0例慢性乙肝、6 0例乙肝后肝硬化患者血浆内皮素、一氧化氮、心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽及肝功能水平 ,并选 30例健康者作为对照。结果 :慢性乙肝、肝硬化患者ET、NO明显升高 ,CGRP明显降低 ,ANP无变化 ,肝硬化患者治疗后ET明显下降 ,CGRP明显上升 ,慢性乙肝、肝硬化患者治疗后NO明显下降 ,但仍高于对照。结论 :ET、NO、ANP和CGRP相互作用 ,共同参与了慢性乙型肝病的发生、发展过程。     

肺心病病人血浆内皮素及CGRP测定的意义

内皮素（ET—1）为体内目前已知作用最强的血管支气管平滑肌收缩剂，而降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）是体内作用最强的血管扩张剂，两者高低，在肺心病急性发作期，缓解期能否起一定作用，本试验对肺心病急性发作期、缓解期与健康人血浆中ET-1、CGRP进行了检测，结果如下。     

肺炎合并心衰患儿血浆中一氧化氮、内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽含量的变化

采用生物化学分析方法及放射免疫分析法检测肺炎及肺炎合并心衰各50例患儿血浆中一氧化氮(NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、内皮素(ET)的水平。结果，急性发作期肺炎心衰患儿的NO、CGRP比正常儿低(P＜0.01)，在肺炎心衰缓解期有恢复，但还是低于正常儿童(P＜0.05)；急性发作期肺炎心衰患儿血浆中的ET比正常儿高(P＜0.01)，而在肺炎心衰缓解期虽有所下降，但仍高于正常儿童(P＜0.05)。结果表明，肺炎心衰发作时NO相关肽分泌及释放有明显减少，而ET却明显升高，提示与肺循环缺氧有关。     

复方丹参对冠心病合并心力衰竭降钙素基因相关肽和内皮素的影响

目的 :探讨复方丹参注射液治疗冠心病合并充血性心力衰竭患者的疗效及对降钙素基因相关肽和内皮素的影响 ;方法 :应用复方丹参注射液治疗 48例冠心病 (CAD)合并充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)患者被随机分为二组 ,一组常规治疗 ,另一组常规治疗加复方丹参注射液治疗 ,同时采用放射免疫法测定检测降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)和内皮素 (ET)的变化。结果 :冠心病合并充血性心力衰竭患者的降钙素基因相关肽明显低于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而内皮素的水平明显高于正常组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,二组治疗均能明显改善降钙素基因相关肽和内皮素 ,而常规组加复方丹参注射液治疗能更好的降低内皮素 ,升高降钙素基因相关肽 ;结论 :复方丹参注射液治疗能改善冠心病合并充血性心力衰竭患者的降钙素基因相关肽和内皮素之间的平衡 ,升高CGRP对抗ET的作用是CAD合并CHF新的治疗途径     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.