益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织TGF-β和MCP-1表达的影响

炎症是糖尿病肾病（diabeticn ephropathy，DN）发生的重要环节，转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）和单核细胞趋化因子（MCP-1）表达增高是导致单核细胞和巨噬细胞浸润肾组织的两个重要因素。益肾胶囊系纯中药制剂，     

霉酚酸酯对糖尿病大鼠肾组织单核细胞趋化蛋白-1与细胞间黏附分子-1表达的影响

糖尿病肾病(DN)肾内单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)表达上调,单核/巨噬细胞浸润等炎症机制越来越受到重视犤1犦。本研究探讨霉酚酸酯(MMF)对糖尿病(DM)肾组织MCP-1、ED-1、ICAM-1表达的影响,旨在为DN的抗炎治疗提供实验依据。一、材料和方法1.糖尿病模型建立及分组:30只雄性昆明种SD大鼠(安医大实验动物中心提供),行右肾切除术和腹腔注射单剂量STZ65mg/kg。随机分3组:对照组(C);模型组(DM);MMF给药组(DM MMF),每组10只。MMF10mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃。整个实验期间不用胰岛素。2.指标检测:术后8周末测尿…     

霉酚酸酯对糖尿病大鼠肾组织RANTES与ED-1表达的影响

目的：建立链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型并用霉酚酸酯（MMF）干预，动态观察细胞因子（RANTEs）、单核／巨噬细胞表面特异性标志抗原（ED-1）、Ⅳ型胶原（Col Ⅳ）在肾组织中的表达，探讨MMF能否通过抑制肾组织炎症反应达到保护肾脏的作用。方法：36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组和MMF治疗组，于实验第4周、14周末每组分别处死6只大鼠，处死前留取24h尿进行24h尿蛋白定量，处死后免疫组织化学染色观察RANTES、ED-1、Col Ⅳ在肾组织中的表达。结果：（1）正常肾组织RANTES有少量表达，模型组的表达均显著增高，MMF组各时间点与相应模型组比较均显著降低；（2）正常肾组织ED-1有少量表达，模型组的表达均显著增高，MMF组各时间点与相应模型组比均显著降低。结论：MMF可能是通过下调RANTES在肾组织中的表达、减少单核／巨噬细胞在肾组织中的浸润．在旱期抑制肾组织炎症反应．进而对肾脏具有一定的保护作用．     

参芪降糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的：本研究拟通过糖尿病肾病动物模型,探索参芪降糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠的治疗作用及其对肾组织HIF-1α和HO-1表达的影响。方法：以链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型。随机分为对照组、糖尿病肾病组（模型组）和糖尿病肾病参芪降糖颗粒治疗组（治疗组）。给药8周后检测各组生化指标,采用免疫组化方法分析肾组织HIF-1α和HO-1的表达情况。结果：与对照组相比,模型组肾脏肥大指数、24h尿蛋白、血糖、血尿素氮、血肌酐明显升高（P〈0.01）;肾组织HIF-1α和HO-1蛋白表达明显升高（P〈0.01）。与模型组相比,参芪降糖颗粒治疗组肾脏肥大指数降低,24h尿蛋白、血尿素氮、血肌酐降低（P〈0.05,P〈0,01）;肾组织HIF-1α和HO-1蛋白表达明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论：参芪降糖颗粒对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏具有保护作用,其机制可能与影响肾组织HIF-1α和HO-1的表达有关。     

霉酚酸酯对糖尿病肾组织炎性因子表达的抑制作用

目的探讨霉酚酸酯（MMF）在糖尿病肾组织中发挥抗炎作用及其机制。方法MMF治疗2型糖尿病大鼠，观察肾组织单核／巨噬细胞浸润，及转录因子（NF）-KBp65、神经生长因子表达的变化；不同浓度的霉酚酸干预高糖环境下培养的肾小球系膜细胞，测定细胞间粘附分子（ICAM）-1、单核细胞趋化蛋白（MCP）-1及神经生长因子（NGF）表达的变化。结果MMF治疗能显著改善糖尿病大鼠肾功能，伴肾小球NF-KBp65活性明显下降，NGF表达水平明显降低，单核／巨噬细胞浸润显著减轻。霉酚酸对高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞ICAM-1、MCP-1和NGF高表达有显著的抑制作用。结论MMF很可能通过降低NF-KB活性，间接抑制炎性因子表达、炎症细胞浸润。霉酚酸对高糖环境下肾小球系膜细胞ICAM-1、MCP-1和NGF的高表达有显著抑制作用。     

益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织TGF-β1及Smad7表达的影响

目的：探讨益肾胶囊对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织TGF-β1及Smad7表达的影响.方法：将32只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组、糖尿病肾病模型组、氯沙坦治疗组、益肾胶囊治疗组,每组8只.治疗组给予氯沙坦钾（20 mg·kg-1·d-1）、益肾胶囊（625 mg· kg-1·d-1）灌胃8周.测定血糖、24 h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐（Scr）和尿素氮（BUN）,计算内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）;观察肾脏病理变化及肾组织中TGF-β1和Smad7蛋白的表达.结果：与对照组相比,糖尿病肾病模型组大鼠血糖、24h尿蛋白定量、Scr和BUN明显升高,Ccr显著降低;肾组织出现较明显的病理损伤;且肾组织TGF-β1表达显著上调,Smad7蛋白表达量明显减少.益肾胶囊治疗后,与糖尿病肾病模型组相比,24 h尿蛋白定量、Scr和BUN明显下降,Ccr显著上升;肾组织病理损伤程度减轻;此外,肾组织TGF-β1表达显著下调,Smad7蛋白表达量明显增加.结论：益肾胶囊可能通过调节TGF-β1/Smad的表达,从而对糖尿病肾病发挥肾脏保护作用.     

白芍总苷对糖尿病大鼠肾组织白介素1与肿瘤坏死因子α表达的影响

炎性反应在糖尿病肾病（DN）的发生和进展中起着十分重要的作用^[1-2]。白芍总苷（TGP）是从我国传统中药白芍根中提取的有效成分，其药理作用主要有抗炎、抗氧化与免疫调节活性。我们既往研究表明TGP对糖尿病大鼠肾脏有明显保护作用131。本研究观察了TGP对糖尿病模型肾内白细胞介素1（IL-1）与肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）表达的影响，旨在进一步探讨TGP对糖尿病肾脏的保护作用机制。     

霉酚酸酯对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏单核细胞趋化蛋白-1表达的影响

目的:探讨霉酚酸酯对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1)表达的影响.方法:将实验动物分为正常对照组、糖尿病组及霉酚酸酯治疗组.霉酚酸酯治疗组给予霉酚酸酯(my cophenolate mofetil,MMF;15 mg·kg-1·d-1)治疗.13周后检测各组大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率、内生肌酐清除率、血糖、血脂、血胰岛素;HE 及PAS 染色观察肾脏病理改变;用免疫组化方法检测肾组织中MCP-1及单核/巨噬细胞(ED-1)的表达.结果:MMF可以减少2型糖尿病大鼠24 h尿蛋白排泄率及内生肌酐清除率,使大鼠肾脏组织中MCP-1和ED-1的表达降低,并改变肾脏病理结构.结论:霉酚酸酯对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏有部分保护作用,其机制可能通过部分下调2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏MCP-1的表达来实现的.     

糖肾方对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织TGF-β1及MMP-9表达的影响

目的：研究糖肾方对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织TGF-β1、MMP-2、MMP-9及Ⅳ型胶原表达的影响,探讨糖肾方对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护机制。方法：50只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、蒙诺组（0．833mg／kg）、糖肾方大剂量组（2．67g／kg）、糖肾方小剂量组（1．33g／kg）,每组10只,利用单侧肾切除加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素造成糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,连续给药20周。动态检测血糖和尿蛋白／肌酐水平;取肾组织进行病理组织学观察并对肾小球硬化和肾小管间质纤维化程度进行评分;RT-PCR方法检测TGF-β1、MMP-2及MMP-9 mRNA表达,免疫组化方法检测肾组织TGF-β1及Ⅳ型胶原表达。结果：大剂量糖肾方能显著降低糖尿病肾病大鼠尿蛋白／肌酐（P〈0．05）,降低肾小球硬化指数（P〈0．01）和肾小管间质纤维化指数（P〈0．01）,减少TGF-β1mRNA与蛋白表达（P〈0．05）,增加MMP-9mRNA表达（P〈0．05）,减少Ⅳ型胶原蛋白表达（P〈0．05）。结论：糖肾方可减轻实验大鼠肾小球硬化和肾小管间质纤维化,其作用机制可能与抑制TGF-β1表达和提高MMP-9mRNA水平有关。     

MCP-1、ICAM-1在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏损害中作用及厄贝沙坦干预的影响

目的：探讨MCP-1、ICAM-1在糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏损害中作用及厄贝沙坦对二者的影响.方法：采用高糖高脂饮食合并链脲佐菌素腹腔注射的方法建立糖尿病肾病大鼠模型.将大鼠随机分为正常对照NC 组、糖尿病肾病DN组、厄贝沙坦DI组,检测各组大鼠24 h尿量、24 h尿白蛋白定量（24 h UTP）、血糖（BG）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、肾重指数（KI）;行HE染色观察各组大鼠病理学形态,免疫组化观察MCP-1、ICAM-1蛋白的表达,RT-PCR观察MCP-1 mRNA、ICAM-1mRNA的表达.结果：与NC组比较,DN组大鼠肾脏病理改变加重,24 h尿量、24 h UTP、KI、BG、Scr、BUN、肾脏组织中MCP-1mRNA和ICAM-1mRNA及蛋白水平均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）;与DN组比较,DI组大鼠BG、BUN、Scr有所改善,差异无统计学意义;肾脏病理改变减轻,其余指标明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）.结论：MCP-1、ICAM-1在糖尿病肾病肾脏损害过程中可能起重要作用;厄贝沙坦能够减轻糖尿病肾病肾组织MCP-1、ICAM-1的表达,缓解了肾脏病理损伤.     

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. 1: epidemiology of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

The protein and molecular characteristics of variants of the alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene are described, and available data on the genetic epidemiology of AAT deficiency are presented.     

Deficiency of TBL1XR1 causes asthenozoospermia

Transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein related to spermatozoa. To clarify its role and mechanism of action in spermatozoa, qRT-PCR was used to analyse the expression of TBL1XR1 in human spermatozoa and mouse testes. The mice were established as an animal model by injecting the mice testes with small interfering RNA against TBL1XR1 or control siRNA. Our results indicated that deficiency of TBL1XR1 in mice reduced the motility of spermatozoa and disrupted the histone-to-protamine transition. We also found the decreased expression of TBL1XR1 in the spermatozoa of human patients with asthenozoospermia (AZ) compared with that in the spermatozoa of healthy males. Moreover, we carried out chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses and found that genes downstream of TBL1XR1 were related to sperm motility. Thus, TBL1XR1 might be related to sperm motility and might function through its downstream genes. Our data highlight the role of TBL1XR1 involved in spermatozoa and provide new molecular insights into the intricate systems required for male fertility.     

手术创伤中腹膜组织Sp1、COL1A1和TIMP-1的表达

目的　探讨人手术创伤腹膜组织中核转录因子Sp1激活 ,COL1A1和TIMP 1表达变化与腹膜纤维化之间的关系。方法　采用凝胶电泳迁移率改变分析法 (EMSA)检测手术创伤后不同时间的腹膜组织核转录因子Sp1的表达水平 ,WesternBlot检测COL1A1和TIMP 1蛋白表达 ,Masson染色观察腹膜组织中胶原纤维的变化。结果　Sp1在手术创伤后 0 .5h被活化 ,随着手术时间延长Sp1活性逐渐增强 ,至创伤后 4h时达高峰 ,同时创伤腹膜组织中的COL1A1和TIMP 1蛋白表达水平逐渐升高 ,存在差异显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。在手术创伤期内随手术时间的延长腹膜组织中胶原纤维增加。结论　核转录因子Sp1活化导致Ⅰ型胶原合成增加 ,细胞外基质降解减少 ,从而启动腹膜纤维化进程。     

IgA肾病患者C1GALT1C1基因的体细胞突变筛查

目的 探讨IgA肾病（IgAN）患者β1,3半乳糖转移酶的分子伴侣Cosme编码基因C1GALT1C1基因体细胞突变情况。方法 27例IgA肾病患者及19例正常健康对照作为研究对象。提取研究对象外周血基因组DNA,扩增C1GALT1C1基因的编码区,采用PCR产物直接测序的方法进行突变筛查。然后,分离其中15例IgA肾病患者及7例健康男性对照的外周血B淋巴细胞,提取DNA。对C1GALT1C1基因编码区进行扩增,PCR产物进行克隆,各挑选平均8～10个克隆进行体细胞突变筛查。结果 46例个体全血基因组DNA的PCR扩增产物测序发现,2例患者及1例健康对照存在外显子T393A变异,次等位基因频率（MAF）为6．9%[SNP数据库（dbSNP）报告为9．5%]。B淋巴细胞DNA序列分析显示,在22例个体（15例IgA肾病患者,7例健康对照）送检的总共202个克隆中,未发现新的突变和多态性位点。结论 C1GALT1C1基因编码区T393A多态位点在本研究人群中为唯一发现的多态性位点,其次等位基因频率（MAF）较既往报道略低。本研究尚未发现IgA肾病患者B淋巴细胞存在体细胞突变。     

Evaluation of the influence of polymorphic variants CYP1A1 2B, CYP1B1 2, CYP3A4 1B, GSTM1 0, and GSTT1 0 in prostate cancer

Background/objectiveGenetic polymorphisms in cytochrome P-450 (CYPs) and glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) genes can influence the appearance of tumors by the formation of new enzymes with altered activities. In the present study, 5 polymorphic variants were examined in 154 patients with prostate carcinoma and in 154 controls.Materials and methodsDNA analysis was carried out through PCR-based methods. The statistical methods used were odds ratio and confidence interval (95% CI), χ², Fisher, and Mann-Whitney.ResultsThe study showed absence of association for CYP1A1*2B, CYP1B1*2, GSTM1*0, and GSTT1*0. The statistical analysis implied a positive association of variant CYP3A4*1B for prostate cancer. The combined analysis of CYP1A1*2B, CYP1B1*2, and CYP3A4*1B genotypes showed positive association. The analysis of histopathologic parameters detected statistically significant differences for Gleason score and biochemistry recurrence risk. The presence of the GSTT1*0 genotype in red meat consumers increased the risk for this disease.ConclusionSome polymorphic variants analyzed can influence the development and the progression of prostate cancer.     

The HLA-DPB1--associated component of the IDDM1 and its relationship to the major loci HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, and -DRB1

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) HLA region on chromosome 6p21 contains the major locus of type 1 diabetes (IDDM1). Common allelic variants at the class II HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 loci account for the major part of IDDM1. Previous studies suggested that other MHC loci are likely to contribute to IDDM1, but determination of their relative contributions and identities is difficult because of strong linkage disequilibrium between MHC loci. One prime candidate is the polymorphic HLA-DPB1 locus, which (with the DPA1 locus) encodes the third class II antigen-presenting molecule. However, the results obtained in previous studies appear to be contradictory. Therefore, we have analyzed 408 white European families (200 from Sardinia and 208 from the U.K.) using a combination of association tests designed to directly compare the effect of DPB1 variation on the relative predisposition of DR-DQ haplotypes, taking into account linkage disequilibrium between DPB1 and the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci. In these populations, the overall contribution of DPB1 to IDDM1 is small. The main component of the DPB1 contribution to IDDM1 in these populations appears to be the protection associated with DPB1*0402 on DR4-negative haplotypes. We suggest that the HLA-DP molecule itself contributes to IDDM1.     

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 associated with head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: Alcohol intake and tobacco smoke, in addition to other environmental and genetic factors, have been associated with head and neck cancer. We evaluated the role of metabolic enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of head and neck cancer in a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS: CYP1A1MspI, CYP2E1PstI, GSTM1, and GSTT1polymorphisms were evaluated in 103 histologically confirmed head and neck cancer cases and 102 controls by means of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: GSTM1null increased the risk of head and neck cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.24-3.79), oral cancer (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.28-5.98), and pharyngeal cancer (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.08-4.63). CYP2E1PstI polymorphism indicated a risk for oral cancer (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.29-11.56). The joint effect of GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 polymorphism increased the risk of head and neck cancer (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.13-5.10). CONCLUSIONS: GSTM1 null alone or associated with CYP1A1 increased the risk of head and neck cancer; the CYP2E1PstI mutated allele increased the risk for only oral cancer.     

压力-流率测定中尿道内置测压导管对尿流率的影响

目的　探讨尿道内置测压管在压力 流率测定中对尿流率的影响。　方法　对 4 4例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)患者进行自由尿流率和压力 流率测定。压力 流率测定中尿道内放置 7F测压导管。统计学分析比较自由尿流率和置管后尿流率的变化。　结果　 4 4例患者自由尿流率和带管尿流率的排尿量分别为 (174 .72± 74 .6 2 )ml和 (186 .4 8± 6 9.71)ml(P >0 .0 5 )。最大自由尿流率(9 .5 5± 4 .10 )ml/s ,最大带管尿流率 (7.32± 3.2 8)ml/s(P =0 .0 0 0 )。最大尿流率下降值为 (2 .2 2± 3.0 7)ml/s。膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO) 0～Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级时自由尿流率和带管尿流率两者差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,BOOⅡ级、Ⅴ～Ⅵ级时自由尿流率和带管尿流率差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论　尿道内置 7F测压导管可影响最大尿流率测定值。