视神经萎缩相关蛋白A1在缺氧心肌细胞凋亡中的抑制作用

目的:探讨视神经萎缩相关蛋白A1(OPA1)在缺氧心肌细胞凋亡中的保护作用。方法:利用小干扰RNA(siRNA)在体外下调OPA1表达后,采用流式检测下调OPA1对缺氧心肌细胞凋亡的影响;用Western blot检测下调OPA1对缺氧心肌细胞线粒体细胞色素C释放及含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶Caspase-3与Caspase-9活性的影响;用流式分析下调OPA1对缺氧心肌细胞活性氧(ROS)产生的影响。结果:下调OPA1可明显加重缺氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡,诱导线粒体细胞色素C释放并激活Caspase-3与Caspase-9活性,诱导心肌细胞中ROS产生。结论:OPA1分子具有抑制缺氧心肌细胞凋亡的作用,其机制可能是OPA1介导的线粒体融合抑制了线粒体中细胞色素C的释放与ROS的生成。     

曲美他嗪对缺氧诱导原代大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究曲美他嗪对缺氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡及线粒体能量代谢改变的影响。方法采用胰酶和胶原酶联合消化的方法,提取大鼠原代心肌细胞,三气培养箱模拟缺氧损伤。MTT和Hoechst染色检测细胞活性和凋亡,TMRE染色检测线粒体膜电位,Oxygraph-2k细胞呼吸测量仪检测态3、态4呼吸和呼吸控制率,Western blot检测Caspase-3、细胞色素C以及线粒体呼吸链复合酶体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ蛋白表达水平的变化。结果缺氧能够诱导心肌细胞凋亡、引起线粒体膜电位下降和促进细胞色素C的释放。此外,缺氧能够显著下调态3呼吸和上调态4呼吸,引起呼吸控制率的下降,同时缺氧能够不同程度地下调线粒体呼吸链复合酶体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ的蛋白表达水平。曲美他嗪能够显著降低缺氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡、稳定线粒体膜电位和减少细胞色素C释放。此外,曲美他嗪还能减轻缺氧对线粒体呼吸链复合酶体的损伤,维持线粒体有氧呼吸。结论曲美他嗪具有抵抗缺氧致心肌细胞凋亡的作用,可能与其稳定线粒体膜和呼吸链复合酶体有关,继而减少细胞色素C的释放和维持线粒体有氧呼吸。     

上调Yes相关蛋白对缺氧复氧心肌细胞损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的研究Yes相关蛋白(YAP)在缺氧复氧(H/R)心肌细胞损伤中的作用。方法用过表达YAP重组慢病毒感染心肌细胞,给予H/R处理,用real-time PCR和Western blot检测细胞中YAP表达情况。CCK8法测定增殖变化,二硝基苯肼显色法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率,流式细胞术检测凋亡变化,Western blot检测活化型Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白水平,DCFH-DA法检测活性氧(ROS)水平,黄嘌呤氧化法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,JC-1法检测线粒体膜电位,Western blot法检测胞浆和线粒体中细胞色素C(Cytochrome C)蛋白水平。结果过表达YAP重组慢病毒感染可以提高H/R条件下心肌细胞中YAP表达水平。H/R处理后的心肌细胞增殖活性降低,LDH漏出率升高,细胞凋亡率升高,细胞中活化型Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白水平升高,ROS水平也升高,SOD活性降低,线粒体膜电位下降,胞浆中Cytochrome C蛋白水平升高,线粒体中Cytochrome C蛋白水平降低。上调YAP可以提高H/R条件下心肌细胞增殖活性,降低LDH漏出率,减少细胞凋亡,降低细胞中活化型Caspase-3和Caspase-9蛋白水平表达,提高SOD活性,减少细胞中ROS水平,提高线粒体膜电位,降低胞浆中Cytochrome C蛋白水平,提高线粒体中Cytochrome C蛋白水平。结论上调YAP减轻缺氧复氧心肌细胞损伤,减少细胞凋亡,作用机制可能与提高抗氧化酶活性,减少细胞内ROS水平,抑制线粒体凋亡途径有关。     

血管紧张素(1-7)抑制异丙肾上腺素诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡

目的观察血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对心肌细胞凋亡的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法应用异丙肾上腺素(ISO)处理H9c2心肌细胞12 h建立心肌细胞凋亡模型,Ang(1-7)或PI3K抑制剂LY294002与H9c2心肌细胞共处理12 h观察对ISO诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的影响。显微镜下观察H9c2心肌细胞生长情况,采用MTS法检测各组细胞的相对细胞活性,TUNEL法检测各组细胞凋亡率。JC-1荧光探针检测线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测cleaved Caspase-3、p-Akt及Akt蛋白的表达量。结果 ISO呈浓度依赖性抑制H9c2心肌细胞的相对细胞活性,Ang(1-7)呈浓度依赖性逆转ISO诱导的H9c2心肌细胞相对活性的降低;与对照组比较,ISO组细胞凋亡率及cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达量显著增加,线粒体膜电位和p-Akt蛋白表达量显著降低;Ang(1-7)可抑制ISO诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡率的增加,减少cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达,增加线粒体膜电位和p-Akt蛋白表达量。LY294002预处理后Ang(1-7)对ISO诱导的H9c2心肌细胞的保护作用明显减弱,表现为心肌细胞凋亡率及cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达量明显增加,p-Akt蛋白表达量减少。结论 ISO能诱导H9c2心肌细胞线粒体途径的细胞凋亡,而Ang(1-7)能抑制ISO诱导的线粒体途径的细胞凋亡。PI3K/Akt信号通路可能在Ang(1-7)抑制ISO诱导的H9c2心肌细胞凋亡中起到关键作用。     

缺氧对大鼠心肌细胞损伤的影响及机制

目的探讨缺氧对大鼠心肌细胞系H9C2的损伤及机制。方法在1%O_2+5%CO_2+94%N_2条件下培养大鼠心肌细胞株H9C2 3、6、12、24、48 h,并以正常大鼠心肌细胞株作对照,使用台盼蓝进行细胞计数;CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;实时监测心肌细胞生长状态;透射电镜观察细胞内部结构;活性氧检测试剂盒检测胞内活性氧(ROS);Western印迹法检测线粒体色素C蛋白表达水平;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒检测细胞坏死程度。结果缺氧状态下,随着缺氧时间的不断增加,大鼠心肌细胞株H9C2的细胞生长、存活率均明显降低、细胞形态明显改变,细胞器结构明显损伤,ROS水平升高,线粒体细胞色素释放增加,细胞凋亡率明显增加,LDH的释放率明显增高。结论缺氧会造成大鼠心肌细胞的生长速度减慢、形态改变及心肌线粒体损伤,最终导致细胞凋亡和细胞坏死。     

过氧化氢通过线粒体通路和死亡受体通路诱导心肌细胞凋亡

为探讨氧化应激诱导心肌细胞凋亡的分子机制，采用0．5mmol／L过氧化氢作用于原代培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞。末端标记发现过氧化氢明显诱导心肌细胞凋亡；Caspase活性定量检测及Western-blot发现Caspase-3、Caspase-8和Caspase-9同时被激活；而Western-blot及间接免疫荧光发现细胞色素C从线粒体释放入胞浆。以上结果提示，氧化应激通过同时激活线粒体通路与死亡受体通路导致心肌细胞凋亡，从而为临床防治与细胞凋亡相关的心血管疾病提供了新的信息。     

lncRNA NEAT1调控miR-206对缺氧复氧大鼠心肌细胞氧化应激损伤和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)NEAT1调控miR-206对缺氧复氧诱导的心肌细胞氧化应激损伤和凋亡的影响和机制。方法 体外培养H9c2心肌细胞,构建心肌细胞缺氧复氧模型。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测缺氧复氧诱导后lncRNA NEAT1和miR-206的表达水平。将lncRNA NEAT1小干扰RNA(si-lncRNA NEAT1)、miR-206模拟物(miR-206 mimics)分别转染H9c2细胞,缺氧复氧诱导后,检测细胞中丙二醛(MDA)和活性氧(ROS)含量以及细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,MTT法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(cleaved Caspase-3)和cleaved Caspase-9蛋白表达。利用荧光素酶报告基因实验以及RT-qPCR验证lncRNA NEAT1和miR-206的靶向结合关系。结果 缺氧复氧诱导后H9c2细胞中lncRNA NEAT1的表达显著升高,miR-206的表达显著降低(P＜0.05)。转染si-lncRNA NEAT1或miR-206 mimics处理缺氧复氧H9c2细胞,细胞存活率显著升高,MDA、ROS含量以及LDH活性显著降低,cleaved Caspase-3和cleaved Caspase-9蛋白的表达显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低(P＜0.05)。lncRNA NEAT1靶向miR-206并负调控miR-206表达。抑制miR-206部分逆转沉默lncRNA NEAT1对缺氧复氧诱导的心肌细胞氧化损伤和凋亡的影响(P＜0.05)。结论 沉默lncRNA NEAT1通过上调miR-206可减轻缺氧复氧诱导的心肌细胞氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡,进而发挥心肌保护作用。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦调节线粒体动力系统改善缺氧心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦（Sacubitril Valsartan,S/V）通过调节线粒体动力系统对缺氧H9c2心肌细胞凋亡保护作用。方法 实验分为3组: 对照组、造模组、造模 S/V组。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡及活性氧（Reactive oxygen species,ROS）,JC-1检测线粒体膜电位,蛋白质免疫印迹法（Western blot,WB）检测线粒体融合蛋白1（Mfn1）、线粒体融合蛋白2（Mfn2）、动力相关蛋白 1 (Drp1)、线粒体分裂蛋白1（Fis1）、细胞色素C（CytC）、B细胞淋巴瘤2 (Bcl-2)、Bcl-2关联X蛋白（Bax）及含半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3 (Caspase-3)表达情况。采用 GraphPad Prism 8统计软件进行数据分析,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果 H9c2心肌细胞建立糖氧剥夺模型,经S/V处理光镜下心肌细胞形态学明显改善;流式细胞技术分析S/V明显降低细胞内ROS水平,抑制心肌细胞凋亡（P＜0.05）;荧光显微镜分析提示S/V明显改善线粒体膜电位水平（P＜0.05）;WB显示S/V可明显提升Mfn2、Mfn1、Bcl2蛋白表达水平,降低Drp1、Fis1、CytC、Bax及Caspase-3蛋白表达水平（P＜0.05）。结论 S/V可能通过促进线粒体融合、抑制线粒体分裂调节线粒体稳态,减少ROS生成,减轻心肌细胞凋亡。     

人参皂苷Rb1对H9c2细胞缺氧复氧的作用

目的观察人参皂苷Rb1对H9c2细胞缺氧复氧的作用。方法采用人参皂苷Rb1对H9c2细胞缺氧复氧进行预处理,通过检测氧化应激、凋亡指标观察人参皂苷Rb1的作用。将细胞随机分为对照组、缺氧复氧组、缺氧复氧加人参皂苷Rb1(50、100、200μmol/L),按实验设计因素处理后,通过蛋白电泳检测凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3,检测氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧(ROS),TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。结果缺氧复氧处理可使H9c2心肌细胞的ROS和MDA水平显著增加,SOD活性显著下降,上调caspase-3的表达,增加H9c2心肌细胞的凋亡。人参皂苷Rb1预处理可减少缺氧复氧H9c2细胞MDA表达量,增加SOD活性,降低ROS水平,且人参皂苷Rb1预处理可减少缺氧复氧H9c2细胞caspase-3的表达量及凋亡细胞数量。结论人参皂苷Rb1可降低缺氧复氧对H9c2心肌细胞的氧化应激损伤及凋亡,从而对缺氧复氧H9c2心肌细胞起保护作用。     

调控自噬对H9c2心肌细胞缺氧／复氧损伤的影响

目的探讨调控自噬水平对H9c2心肌细胞缺氧／复氧（H／R）损伤的影响及意义。方法将H9c2心肌细胞缺氧2h／复氧4h,建立H／R损伤模型。以3-甲基腺嘌呤（3-MA）为自噬特异抑制剂和雷帕霉素为自噬增强剂,试验随机分为四组：正常对照组（C组）、H／R组、H／R＋100mol／L3-MA组（M＋H／R组）、H／R＋100nmol／L雷帕霉素（R＋H／R组）,应用MTT法检测细胞活力,透射电镜检测心肌细胞自噬小体,流式细胞技术检测细胞凋亡比例,Westernblot法检测自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1,凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax及下游活性片段Caspase-9、Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果H／R组明显诱导H9c2心肌细胞自噬发生、细胞活力下降、凋亡增加（P〈O．01）．Westernblot检测发现,Bax、Caspase-9、Caspase-3活性片段蛋白表达明显增加,Bcl-2表达明显抑制,Bax／Bcl-2比值、活化蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-9表达增加（P〈O．01）;M＋H／R组H／R损伤作用明显减弱,线粒体凋亡通路及下游蛋白表达抑制（P〈O．01）;而R＋H／R组线粒体凋亡通路进一步激活,促进细胞凋亡发生（P〈O．01）。结论自噬在H9c2心肌细胞H／R损伤中起到致命性作用,抑制自噬可保护心肌细胞H,R氧化应激损伤,其机制与抑制线粒体凋亡通路有关。     

Morphological and molecular characterization of adult cardiomyocyte apoptosis during hypoxia and reoxygenation

Apoptosis has been implicated in ischemic heart disease, but its mechanism in cardiomyocytes has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation in adult cardiomyocytes and the molecular mechanism involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Morphologically, reoxygenation induced rounding up of the cells, appearance of membrane blebs that were filled with marginated mitochondria, and ultrastructural findings characteristic of apoptosis. Reoxygenation (18 hours of reoxygenation after 6 hours of hypoxia) and prolonged hypoxia (24 hours of hypoxia) resulted in a 59% and 51% decrease in cellular viability, respectively. During reoxygenation, cell death occurred predominantly via apoptosis associated with appearance of cytosolic cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and -9. However, nonapoptotic cell death predominated during prolonged hypoxia. Both caspase inhibition and Bcl-2 overexpression during reoxygenation significantly improved cellular viability through inhibition of apoptosis but had minimal effect on hypoxia-induced cell death. Bcl-2 overexpression blocked reoxygenation-induced cytochrome c release and activation of caspase -3 and -9, but caspase inhibition alone did not block cytochrome c release. These results suggest that apoptosis predominates in cardiomyocytes after reoxygenation through a mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathway, and Bcl-2 prevents reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and prevents activation of caspase-3 and -9.     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对缺氧心肌细胞线粒体动力系统和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 验证沙库巴曲缬沙坦(S/V)能否通过调节线粒体动力系统改善缺氧大鼠胚胎心肌细胞(H9c2)凋亡水平,发挥心脏保护作用。方法 培养H9c2心肌细胞,建立糖氧剥夺模型(OGD),将细胞分为对照组、造模组、药物组。对照组正常培养心肌细胞,造模组采用OGD建模,药物组采用OGD建模后加用S/V 20μmol/L干预处理,每组重复5遍。采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡及活性氧(ROS),JC-1检测线粒体膜电位,蛋白质免疫印迹法(WB)检测线粒体融合蛋白1(Mfn1)、线粒体融合蛋白2(Mfn2)、动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)、线粒体分裂蛋白1(Fis1)、细胞色素C(CytC)、B细胞淋巴瘤2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2关联X蛋白(Bax)及含半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)表达情况。采用GraphPad Prism 8统计软件进行数据分析,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果 H9c2心肌细胞建立OGD模型,经S/V处理后,光镜下心肌细胞形态学明显改善;流式细胞技术分析结果显示S/V明显降低细胞内ROS水平,抑制心肌细胞凋亡(P＜0.05);荧光显微镜分析结果显示S/V明显改善线粒体膜电位水平(P＜0.05);WB结果显示S/V可明显提升Mfn2、Mfn1、Bcl2蛋白表达水平,降低Drp1、Fis1、CytC、Bax及Caspase-3蛋白表达水平(P＜0.05)。结论 S/V可能通过促进线粒体融合、抑制线粒体分裂调节线粒体稳态,减少ROS生成,减轻心肌细胞凋亡。     

ARC inhibits cytochrome c release from mitochondria and protects against hypoxia-induced apoptosis in heart-derived H9c2 cells

Ischemia induces apoptosis as well as necrosis of cardiac myocytes. We recently reported the cloning of a cDNA that encodes an apoptotic inhibitor, ARC, that is expressed predominantly in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the present study, we examined the ability of ARC to protect rat embryonic heart-derived H9c2 cells from apoptosis induced by hypoxia, a component of ischemia. We found that H9c2 cells express ARC and that exposure to hypoxia substantially reduces ARC expression while inducing apoptosis. Transfected H9c2 cells in which cytosolic ARC protein levels remain elevated during hypoxia were significantly more resistant to hypoxia-induced apoptosis than parental H9c2 cells or H9c2 cells transfected with a control vector. Loss of endogenous ARC in the cytosol of H9c2 cells was associated with translocation of ARC from the cytosol to intracellular membranes, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, activation of caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation. All of these events were inhibited in H9c2 cells overexpressing ARC when compared with control cells. In contrast, caspase inhibitors prevented PARP cleavage but not cytochrome c release, suggesting that exogenously expressed ARC acts upstream of caspase activation in this model of apoptosis. These results demonstrate that ARC can protect heart myogenic H9c2 cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis, and that ARC prevents cytochrome c release by acting upstream of caspase activation, perhaps at the mitochondrial level.     

Apoptosis-modulating interaction of the neuregulin/erbB pathway with anthracyclines in regulating Bcl-xS and Bcl-xL in cardiomyocytes

During chemotherapy with anthracyclines, attenuated neuregulin signaling by the erbB2 receptor inactivating antibody Trastuzumab enhances the heart failure risk. We compared the effects of attenuated neuregulin/erbB signaling and of daunorubicin on splicing of the Bcl-x gene and on mitochondrial activation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Attenuating erbB signals in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by the erbB2 antagonist tyrphostin AG825, by the erbB1/4 antagonist AG1478 or by antisense-induced lowering of erbB2 receptors resulted in an augmented Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL ratio, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3, and nucleosome-sized DNA fragmentation. A similar DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activation was induced by TNF-alpha, but without Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL increase, cytochrome c release or caspase 9 activation. A BH4-domain containing HIV TAT fusion protein added to cardiomyocytes under attenuated erbB signaling lowered the enhanced Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL ratio, the cytochrome c release, the caspase 3 activation and the DNA fragmentation, while apoptosis was not modified by the fusion protein in TNF-alpha treated cardiomyocytes. Enhancement of Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL by reducing Bcl-xL via siRNA transfection mimicked the mitochondrial apoptotic activation due to erbB signal attenuation. Daunorubicin also caused Bcl-xS/Bcl-xL enhancement and mitochondrial apoptotic activation in cultured cardiomyocytes; this was attenuated by BH4-fusion protein or by neuregulin-1 and augmented by siRNA-mediated Bcl-xL lowering. We conclude that activation of mitochondrial apoptosis due to altered Bcl-x splicing contributes as a common mechanism of anthracyclines and erbB signal attenuation to the enhanced heart failure risk under this combination.     

Central role of mitochondria and p53 in Fas-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts

OBJECTIVE: Fas-mediated apoptosis is preferentially observed in synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is associated with the pathophysiological process of RA. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of Fas-mediated apoptosis of RA synoviocytes, we investigated the role of the mitochondrial pathway and tumour suppressor p53 in this process. METHODS: Cultured synovial fibroblasts were prepared from RA patients. After treatment of RA synovial fibroblasts with anti-Fas monoclonal antibody, the expression levels of activated caspase-9 and -3, Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 were assessed using immunoblot analysis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) was evaluated with a fluorescence-based detection assay. Apoptotic cells were determined by a DNA fragmentation assay in the presence or absence of caspase inhibitors. Expression of p53-regulated apoptosis-inducing protein 1 (p53AIP1) was measured by real-time PCR. RA synovial fibroblasts stably transfected with a dominant-negative (DN) p53 were prepared in order to investigate the role of p53 during Fas-induced apoptosis. RESULTS: Fas ligation induced Bid cleavage, loss of DeltaPsim, cytochrome c release to the cytosol and activation of caspase-9 and -3 in RA synovial fibroblasts. Treatment with a caspase-9-specific inhibitor almost completely inhibited Fas-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, p53 activation after Fas ligation was evidenced by its phosphorylation at Ser15 and up-regulation of the p53 target gene p53AIP1. Fas-mediated apoptosis was significantly suppressed by anti-sense p53 oligonucleotides and by p53DN. CONCLUSION: Our findings strongly suggest the involvement of mitochondria and p53 in Fas-mediated apoptosis of RA synovial fibroblasts.     

Gliotoxin-mediated apoptosis of activated human hepatic stellate cells

BACKGROUND: Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in liver fibrogenesis, and apoptosis of activated HSCs might be essential to clear HSCs from injured liver. Gliotoxin induces apoptosis of activated human and rat HSCs by an unknown mechanism. AIM: This study investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane permeability transition (MPT) in gliotoxin-induced apoptosis of activated human HSCs. METHODS: Primary and immortalized human HSCs were analyzed using confocal microscopy for ROS with dichlorodihdrofluorescence diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorophore and for the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using tetramethylrhodamine methylester (TMRM). RESULTS: Gliotoxin at higher concentrations (> or =7.5 microM) markedly increased ROS formation, and ROS production was also evident at concentrations of gliotoxin causing necrotic cell death (> or =32.5 microM). Gliotoxin rapidly (begins about 20 min at 1.5 microM and 10 min at 7.5 microM) disrupts MMP at a concentration as low as 300nM. MMP disruption was followed by cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. The MPT inhibitors, cyclosporine A (5 microM) plus trifluoperazine (12.5 microM), blocked depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and release of cytochrome c, but did not block apoptosis in HSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Gliotoxin (0.3-7.5 microM) induces apoptosis of activated human HSCs with induction of MPT, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation, whereas at higher doses (>32.5 microM), it induces necrosis. However, gliotoxin also activates a mitochondrial independent pathway.     

缺氧后处理对缺氧复氧心肌线粒体活性氧及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察缺氧后处理对缺氧复氧心肌线粒体活性氧及细胞膜和线粒体Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响,探讨其调控心肌细胞凋亡的机制.方法 构建大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型,将细胞分为对照组、缺氧/复氧纽(缺氧3h后复氧6h)、缺氧后处理组(缺氧3h后行复氧5min、缺氧5 min,反复3次,再复氧6 h).应用荧光酶标仪测定线粒体活性氧量,流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡,Western blot检测细胞膜和线粒体Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达.结果 缺氧/复氧组和缺氧后处理组心肌细胞线粒体活性氧量较对照组显著升高(P＜0.01).缺氧后处理组心肌细胞线粒体平均荧光强度为30.74±1.88a.u./μg,显著低于缺氧/复氧组(63.17±2.75a.u./μg,P＜0.01),仍高于对照组(14.41±2.15a.u./μg).缺氧/复氧组和缺氧后处理组心肌细胞凋亡率较对照组显著升高(45.86％±3.29％和26.99％±3.35％比5.72％±1.63％,P＜0.01),缺氧后处理组低于缺氧/复氧组(P＜0.01).细胞膜和线粒体Bcl-2蛋白在缺氧后处理组显著上调,在缺氧/复氧组显著下调;Bax蛋白在缺氧后处理组显著下调,在缺氧/复氧组显著上调.结论 缺氧后处理抑制线粒体活性氧爆发,减轻缺氧/复氧诱导的心肌细胞凋亡,其抗凋亡机制可能与线粒体和细胞膜Bcl-2蛋白表达上调及Bax蛋白表达下调有关.     

Salubrinal protects against tunicamycin and hypoxia induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway

Objectives This study examined the protective effect of salubrinal and the mechanism underlying this protection on tunicamycin (TM)- and hypoxia-induced apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured from the ventricles of 1-day-old Wistar rats. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of salubrinal (10, 20, and 40 μmol/L) for 30 minutes followed by TM treatment or hypoxia for 36 hours. Apoptosis was measured by a multiparameter HCS (high content screening) apoptosis assay, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (p-eIF2α) and the expression of cleaved caspase-12 were determined by western blotting. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) was detected by immunocytochemistry. Results HCS, TUNEL assays and flow cytometry showed that salubrinal protected against apoptosis induced by TM or hypoxia. Western blotting showed that salubrinal protected cardiomyocytes against apoptosis by inducing eIF2α phosphorylation and down-regulating the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic proteins, CHOP and cleaved caspase-12. Conclusions Our study suggests that salubrinal protects rat cardiomyocytes against TM- or hypoxia-associated apoptosis via a mechanism involving the inhibition of ER stress-mediated apoptosis.     

Adiponectin通过FoxO1信号通路减轻阿霉素细胞毒性的作用机制研究

目的 阐明FoxO1在脂联素(Adiponectin,APN)减轻阿霉素(Doxorubicin,DOX)心肌细胞毒性中的作用及机制.方法 将分离的乳鼠心肌原代细胞(Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes,nrCMs)随机分为对照组(CON)、APN处理组(APN)、DOX损伤组(DOX)、APN保护组...