脐带扭转对妊娠结局的影响

目的观察脐带扭转对妊娠结局的影响,以期改善脐带扭转孕妇的妊娠结局,提高产科质量。方法选取2016年1月-2017年1月在南京市浦口区中心医院分娩并伴有脐带扭转的58例孕妇作为观察组,另选取同期在该院分娩的58例正常孕妇作为对照组。分析比较两组孕妇脐带扭转相关指标和胎心监护异常情况,比较两组围生儿并发症发生情况和孕妇分娩方式。结果两组孕妇脐带长度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组扭转周数高于临界值、螺距值低于临界值、脐动脉血流S/D值高于临界值,两组孕妇扭转周数、螺距值和脐动脉血流S/D值比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组孕妇胎心监护异常总发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水污染、新生儿窒息和胎儿生长受限发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组围生儿转儿科和死胎发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组剖宫产率明显高于对照组,阴道分娩率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脐带扭转增加了围生儿并发症发生率,影响孕妇分娩方式,临床上应加强产前监护,胎心监护和脐血流参数对脐带扭转具有临床指导意义,可降低妊娠不良结局,提高产科质量。     

远程胎心监护的产科应用

目的:探讨远程胎心监护在产科的临床应用及其使用价值。方法:选取2011年9月~2012年9月,在该院就诊的孕期满28周的高危孕妇200例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组100例。对照组进行常规胎心监护,实验组进行远程胎心监护。分析比较两组的监测结果、分娩方式及围产儿结局。结果:实验组无刺激胎心监护(NST)异常检出率为48.00%,较对照组的33.00%明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组孕妇分娩方式相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组新生儿早产、低出生体重、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息、围产儿死亡率低于对照组,其中早产、低出生体重儿所占比例与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:远程胎心监护具有很好的临床价值,有助于提高宫内诊断,降低新生儿不良结局发生率,应该被广泛使用。     

孕晚期B族链球菌感染对足月分娩结局的影响

目的探讨孕晚期B族链球菌感染对孕妇足月分娩结局的影响,并分析抗生素治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2017年4月-2019年4月在杭州市富阳区妇幼保健院接受产前检查的397例孕晚期孕妇的临床资料,所有入选者均需接受B族链球菌检测,记录B族链球菌阳性率、B族链球菌阴性率、孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率及围生儿不良妊娠结局发生率。结果397例孕妇中,B族链球菌阳性占14. 36%,B族链球菌阴性占85. 64%。不同年龄、产次、流产史孕妇B族链球菌阳性与B族链球菌阴性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。B族链球菌阳性A组(接受抗生素治疗)孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率与阴性组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05);阳性B组(未接受抗生素治疗)孕妇不良妊娠结局发生率高于阳性A组与阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。阳性A组围生儿不良结局发生率与阴性组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05);阳性B组围生儿不良结局发生率高于阳性A组与阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论孕晚期B族链球菌感染可对孕妇分娩结局产生不同程度的影响,及时采取针对性抗生素药物治疗,可有效控制不良妊娠结局发生率,利于提高分娩质量。     

远程胎心监护对妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠结局的作用

目的探讨远程胎心监护对妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠结局的影响。方法以随机数字表法将在我院就诊的98例妊娠期糖尿病患者分为两组,对照组49例,采用普通胎动监测;观察组49例,采用远程胎心监护,对比两组胎儿检测结果与妊娠结局。结果观察组胎儿无刺激胎心监护异常检出率高于对照组(P0.05);两组胎儿窘迫发生率及剖宫产率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组新生儿Apgar评分优于对照组(P0.05)。结论采用远程无刺激胎心监护方式对妊娠期糖尿病患者进行胎儿监测可提高异常情况检出率,有利于改善妊娠结局,临床价值显著。     

妊娠期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患者血清甲状腺激素水平对妊娠结局的预测价值

目的探讨妊娠期亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(亚甲减)患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2017年1月-2020年1月在该院分娩的妊娠期亚甲减患者200例为研究组,另选取同期在该院分娩的甲状腺功能正常孕妇200例为对照组。研究组患者根据是否应用左旋甲状腺素钠分为A组(应用)和B组(未应用) 2个亚组。比较各组孕妇血清甲状腺激素水平及不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果 A组、B组孕妇治疗前的TSH水平均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。A组、B组孕妇治疗后的TSH水平均较治疗前明显降低,并且A组孕妇治疗后的TSH水平更低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。A组孕妇治疗后的TSH水平与对照组接近,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。B组孕妇妊娠期贫血、妊娠期糖尿病、早产发生率均明显高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0. 05); A组孕妇妊娠期贫血、妊娠期糖尿病、早产发生率与对照组接近,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。B组孕妇围生儿不良结局总发生率明显高于A组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论妊娠期亚甲减会增加孕妇及围生儿不良结局发生率,合理应用左旋甲状腺素钠进行干预能够有效调节血清甲状腺激素水平,改善母婴结局。     

远程监护技术在妊娠晚期胎儿监护中的应用分析

目的分析远程监护技术在妊娠晚期胎儿监护中的应用效果。方法根据随机数字表法将深圳市南山区妇幼保健院2017年9月至2018年3月收治的130例妊娠晚期高危孕妇分为两组,各65例。对照组给予传统管理,观察组在此基础上开展远程监护技术。对比两组新生儿窒息情况、胎动异常、无应激试验(non-stress test,NST)异常情况、妊娠结局,并观察两组孕妇自我效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale,GSES)评分变化。结果观察组新生儿窒息发生率6.15%(4/65),较对照组20.00%(13/65)低,新生儿NST异常率28.30%(60/212),较对照组13.64%(12/88)高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组早产、胎儿窘迫发生率较对照组低,管理后自我概念、自护技能、健康知识评分较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将远程监护技术应用于妊娠晚期胎儿监护中有利于降低新生儿窒息及不良妊娠结局的发生率。     

SRF 618S型远程胎儿监护网络在高危妊娠孕妇围生期护理中的应用

目的探讨SRF618S型远程胎儿监护网络在高危妊娠孕妇围生期护理中的应用。方法选取2018年1—6月在医院科室进行建档且同意采用SRF618S型远程胎心监护网络进行胎儿远程监护的高危妊娠孕妇55例作为观察组;选择同期常规在产科门诊按时行无应激试验(NST)检测高危妊娠孕妇55例作为对照组。观察两组产前检查次数、NST监测异常准确度、分娩方式、产后并发症以及新生儿预后情况。结果相比于对照组,观察组有较少的来院检查次数,较高的NST监测异常准确度及自然生产率,以及较低的产后并发症、新生儿预后不良发生率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SRF618S型远程胎儿监护网络的应用能及时准确地捕捉到胎心率异常,提高围生期胎儿监护的水平及自然分娩率,减少高危妊娠产后并发症,改善围生儿结局,而且是既经济又方便的监护手段。     

285例胎心监护可变减速临床观察

目的：通过对285例胎心监护为可变减速的足月临产产妇分娩结局及新生儿结局观察分析,探讨胎心监护可变减速发生原因及对胎儿预后的评价。方法：回顾2009年1月-2012年1月在笔者所在医院分娩的产妇,选择产时胎心监护为可变减速的285例患者为研究对象,其中单纯可变减速的150例（单纯型组）,复杂型135例（复杂型组）,正常胎心监护患者188例为对照组。比较分析三组孕妇分娩结局及新生儿结局。结果复杂型组新生儿窒息发生率、羊水过少吸胎儿生长受限发生率分别与单纯型组和对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,单纯型组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;单纯型组及复杂型组脐带缠绕发生率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,单纯型组与复杂型组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：产时胎心可变减速发生原因以脐带缠绕居多,其次为羊水过少和胎儿生长受限;单纯型可变减速新生儿结局优于复杂型,复杂型可变减速常合并羊水过少和胎儿生长受限,其新生儿发生不良结局可能性大,应采取果断措施,紧急处理。     

胎心监护、孕晚期胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流多普勒超声参数与子痫前期围生儿预后相关性分析

目的探讨胎心监护、孕晚期胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流多普勒超声参数与子痫前期围生儿预后相关性,为子痫前期围生儿妊娠结局评估及监护提供参考。方法选取2017年1月-2019年1月宁波市奉化区妇幼保健院收治的轻度子痫前期孕妇40例设为轻度子痫组,选取重度子痫前期孕妇40例作为重度子痫组,选取同期医院建档的40例正常孕妇设为对照组。3组孕妇均行胎心监护、孕晚期采用彩色多普勒超声检查胎儿脐动脉血流参数和大脑中动脉血流参数[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及收缩期峰值与舒张末期流速之比(S/D)]。统计3组围生儿不良妊娠结局、新生儿体质量、Apgar评分、娩出胎盘质量,并行组间比较。比较3组胎儿胎心监测情况、孕晚期胎儿脐动脉及大脑中动脉血流参数。将轻度子痫和重度子痫胎心监护结果、脐动脉血流参数及大脑中动脉血流参数与围生儿不良妊娠结局、体质量、Apgar评分、娩出胎盘质量行Spearson相关性分析。结果①重度子痫前期围生儿不良妊娠结局率、胎心异常率(新生儿体质量、Apgar评分、娩出胎盘质量)高于(低于)轻度子痫前期组、对照组,轻度子痫前期组高于(低于)对照组;而胎儿脐动脉PSV、EDV及大脑中动脉PI、RI、S/D均低于轻度子痫前期组及对照组,轻度组低于对照组,胎儿脐动脉的PI、RI、S/D均高于轻度子痫前期和对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0. 05)。②经相关性分析显示,子痫前期围生儿胎心监护结果、脐动脉血流参数、大脑中动脉血流参数与不良妊娠结局、新生儿体质量、Apgar评分、娩出胎盘质量均呈密切相关(均P0. 05)。结论胎心监护、孕晚期胎儿脐动脉和大脑中动脉血流多普勒超声参数与子痫前期围生儿不良妊娠结局及其他预后指标密切相关,加强对子痫前期孕妇胎儿上述指标的监测,评估围生儿结局具有较高的临床价值。     

远程胎心监护联合超声监测在高危妊娠中的临床应用

目的:探讨远程胎心监护联合超声监测在高危妊娠中的临床应用价值。方法:选择2007年1月～2008年1月的50例高危孕妇采用远程胎心监护网络进行无负荷试验(NST)并联合超声监测(研究组),选择同期进行常规胎心监护的高危孕妇50例为对照组。分析两组的监测结果、分娩方式及围生儿结局。结果:研究组NST异常检出率为46.9,较对照组的32.6明显增高(P<0.05);宫内诊断率研究组达97.1,明显高于对照组的73.3,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组剖宫产率无明显差异(P>0.05)。研究组新生儿窒息、早产儿和低体重儿的发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:远程胎心监护联合超声用于高危妊娠监测可提高宫内诊断水平,改善围生儿预后,值得推广应用。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.