Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the temporal bone is rare. The nature of the underlying disorder that converted into the ABC might, however, be difficult to ascertain on imaging as well as on histopathology. The unusual CT and MRI findings in a case of ABC of the temporal bone are presented. This had transdural intracerebral spread with a large component of solid enhancing matrix but no peripheral calcific rim. The patient was an adult of 45 years with a history of headache for more than 1 year.     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of a foregut duplication cyst of the floor of the mouth in a fetus

The MRI findings are described in a case of foregut duplication cyst arising from the floor of the mouth in a fetus.     

Magnetic resonance appearance of tuberculosis of the knee joint with ruptured Baker's cyst

After the spine, the knee joint is the most commonly affected joint in skeletal tuberculosis. Baker's cyst is a rather rare complication of knee joint tuberculosis. The plain radiographic appearance of the tuberculous knee joint has been amply described. We present the magnetic resonance appearance of a tuberculous knee joint associated with a ruptured popliteal cyst.     

Subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst with associated bone marrow oedema: An unusual appearance

A case of a subperiosteal aneurysmal bone cyst with adjacent bone marrow oedema is presented. Aneurysmal bone cysts have been well documented in the published literature; however, relatively few have been observed in a subperiosteal location, and associated bone marrow oedema in the absence of a demonstrable pathological fracture is a rare finding. Aneursymal bone cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subperiosteal bone lesions and may be associated with bone marrow oedema.     

合并肾囊肿的肾细胞癌临床特点(附64例报道)

目的:总结肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例的临床特点,探讨合并有肾囊肿肾癌病例的诊断、治疗方法,为研究肾癌的发病机制及其预防提供线索。方法:回顾我院1996年5月至2004年1月收治的64例肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例,分析其临床特点,比较B超、CT、MRI在诊断该疾病中的特点和作用,并与同期收治的106例没有合并肾囊肿肾癌病例的临床资料进行分析比较。结果:B超、CT和MRI在诊断肾癌合并有肾囊肿病例时,检查出肾囊肿的准确性分别为37%、24%和35%,而全部64例病理检查中又查出15例(23%)囊性占位性病变;该64例患者全部进行了手术治疗,术后病理报告为肾癌,病理诊断:透明细胞癌61例,颗粒细胞癌2例,混合型(透明细胞癌 颗粒细胞癌)1例;与同期未合并肾囊肿的肾癌病例相比,合并有肾囊肿肾癌病例更好发于男性(P<0.007),且发病年龄较轻(P<0.05),无症状肾癌比例较少(P<0.001),小肾癌(肿瘤直径≤4cm)占比例也相对较少(P<0.024),肿瘤的病理类型和肿瘤的临床分期也有统计学差异(分别是P<0.037和P<0.043)。结论:合并肾囊肿的肾癌具有易发于男性年轻患者、以有症状的非小肾癌居多的特点。B超、CT、MRI在诊断出肾癌的同时,诊断发现肾囊肿的准确性不高,肾癌可能掩盖了对肾囊肿的诊断,联合病理检查可能增加对肾囊肿的诊断;合并有肾囊肿的肾癌有其     

Magnetic resonance imaging signal characteristics in hydatid cysts

The MRI features of hydatid cysts were retrospectively studied in 12 patients to look for specific signal characteristics. Twelve patients in the series included eight with abdominal, two with abdominal‐pelvic, one with a sacral and one with a lung hydatid cyst. The T1‐, T2‐ and proton density (PD)‐weighted images of spin‐echo sequence were used for imaging. The signal characteristics of the hydatid parent cyst capsule and fluid, daughter cyst fluid, detached germinal membrane and surrounding soft tissue reaction were noted. Observations revealed that the capsule is best seen on T2‐ and PD‐weighted images. The daughter cysts are best demonstrated on T1‐weighted images, whereas the difference in the signal intensities of parent cyst and daughter cyst fluid is better demonstrated on T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted images, and the detached germinal membrane is best seen on T2‐ and PD‐weighted images. The signal characteristics of hydatid cyst morphology can help distinguish it from other entities.     

脉络膜裂囊肿的影像学诊断

背景与目的：脑部脉络膜裂囊肿属神经上皮性囊肿,临床上不常见。本文通过探讨脉络膜裂囊肿的影像学表现,以期提高对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析20例CT和MRI诊断为脉络膜裂囊肿患者的临床及影像学资料。患者均行CT和MRI检查,其中增强扫描5例。结果：20例患者均为单发病灶．其中右侧13例,左侧7例,病灶均位于两侧脉络膜裂区。CT表现为圆形或类圆形、边缘光滑的脑脊液样低密度灶、增强扫描无强化。MRI检查表现为长T1长T2脑脊液样信号灶,FLAIR为低信号,在各扫描序列中完全与脑脊液信号同步,病灶周围脑实质无明显异常表现。结论：正确认识脉络膜裂囊肿的影像学表现．可避免误诊。CT和MRI均可检出脉络膜裂囊肿,但单纯CT检出定位困难,MRI多方位扫描可作出明确诊断并能够与其他囊性病变相鉴别。     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial epidermoid tumours

Intracranial epidermoids can closely mimic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on MRI and CT. Therefore epidermoids can be difficult to detect, or distinguish from CSF. Three cases of intracranial epidermoid are presented, one of which closely mimicked an arachnoid cyst on CT and routine MRI sequences. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) was performed. All three epidermoids demonstrated marked restriction of diffusion relative to CSF, clearly defining the extent of each lesion, and allowing differentiation from an arachnoid cyst or an enlarged CSF space.     

颅内皮样囊肿的MRI和CT诊断

目的探讨颅内皮样囊肿的MRI和CT表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的颅内皮样囊肿病例,对其MRI和CT表现、病理和临床特征进行分析。23例均行MRI检查,20例同时行CT检查。结果22例MRI表现T1WI和T2WI均为不均匀高信号,1例T1WI为等高信号,T2WI为低信号。8例DWI表现斑片状不均匀高信号。19例CT标准窗宽、窗位,表现为均匀低密度影,宽窗宽、低窗位,表现为不均匀低密度影。另1例CT标准窗宽、窗位,表现为高密度影。其中8例CT和MRI可见蛛网膜下腔和双侧脑室内散布的脂肪滴和间质性脑水肿。结论颅内皮样囊肿有较典型的MRI和CT表现,特别是皮样囊肿破裂有影像学和临床特征性表现,可实现术前正确诊断,MRI优于CT诊断。     

Fluid-fluid levels in a simple bone cyst on magnetic resonance imaging

An unusual case is presented here of simple bone cyst (SBC) with fluid-fluid levels on MR and cementum-like substance on microscopy in an atypical location in the distal femur. Fluid-fluid levels are commonly described in the literature within aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumour, chondroblastomas and telangiectatic osteosarcomas, but a literature review revealed only one reported case with multiple fluid levels occurring in a simple bone cyst on MRI. A cementum-like matrix is diagnostic of SBC and is seen in ± 10% of cases.     

A case of cervicomedullary junction tanycytic ependymoma associated with marked cyst formation

Tanycytic ependymomas are a subtype of ependymomas that were formally recognized as a new pathological entity in the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification of 2000. They occur mostly in the spinal cord. Only a few reports have analyzed the proliferative potentials of these tumors; however, it has been reported that the MIB-1 labeling index of tanycytic ependymoma is lower than that of other subtypes of WHO grade II ependymomas. We report a rare case of cervicomedullary junction tanycytic ependymoma associated with marked cyst formation. A 62-year-old man had a history of progressive gait disturbance, diplopia, and swallowing disturbance over a one-month period prior to admission. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cystic mass with a mural nodule at the cervicomedullary junction with Gd-DTPA enhancement. Cyst-subarachnoid shunt was performed using a far lateral approach. After 6 years, however, the man was readmitted to the hospital because of reaccumulation of the cyst. Partial removal of a mural nodule and a cyst-subarachnoid shunt were performed simultaneously by a midline suboccipital approach. The pathological diagnosis was tanycytic ependymoma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital without further treatment. Most of the tumor cells had small, round nuclei; pleomorphism was minimal. The cytoplasm was dilated. The tumor cells were positive for EMA and s-100, and negative for CD-34. GFAP was not determined due to difficulty caused by background glial processes. The MIB-1 labeling index was less than 1%. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had ependymal cell features, such as desmosomes and microvilli. Based on these findings, the pathological diagnosis was tanycytic ependymoma.     

Intraductal pancreatic calculi in patients with choledochal cyst

Intraductal pancreatic calculi are a rare association in patients with choledochal cyst (CC). Reported herein is a retrospective analysis of the data on pancreatic calculi in 37 patients (10 children and 27 adults) who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for CC over a period of 15 years. Five patients (one child and four adults) were identified as having intraductal pancreatic calculi. Three had type I and two had type IV CC. Four underwent cyst excision. No intervention was carried out for the pancreatic calculi. There was no evidence of pancreatic insufficiency on follow up and none had recurrence of abdominal pain. One patient died of cholangitis, which was the initial presenting problem. Intraductal pancreatic calculi associated with CC, although uncommon, are not rare and are not always symptomatic.     

Radiological imaging of a massive dermoid in the male pelvis

A dermold cyst, arising from the posterior aspects of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and extending into the pelvis to masquerade as a full bladder, must be exceedingly rare. Ultrasound, computed tomography and especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proved to be invaluable in making the diagnosis, and MRI in particular was very useful in providing an anatomical road map for surgery.     

Petrous apex arachnoid cyst extending into Meckel's cave

A rare case of arachnoid cyst involving the petrous apex with an unusual clinical presentation has been described with special emphasis in the imaging features and importance of accurate presurgical diagnosis. Differentiation from the other benign lesions involving the petrous apex and the role of newer MR techniques in the diagnosis of these lesions has been highlighted.     

Epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast

Epidermal inclusion cysts are uncommon in the breast, but the consequences can be severe when these cysts occur in the breast parenchyma. Here, we report two such cases. The patient in case 1 was an 85-year-old woman with a 3-cm palpable mass in the right breast. Mammography revealed a round and smoothly outlined mass, which indicated a benign tumor, and sonography showed an irregularly shaped and heterogeneous hypoechoic mass. Breast cancer was suspected on the basis of the sonographic findings and the age of the patient, but excisional biopsy revealed an epidermal inclusion cyst. The patient in case 2 was a 45-year-old woman with a 9-cm lesion in the left breast. Mammography revealed a round, dense, smoothly outlined mass, and sonography showed a well-defined, central hyperechoic mass. A phyllodes tumor or a giant fibroadenoma was suspected on the basis of clinical and imaging findings, but the resected specimen revealed an epidermal inclusion cyst.     

大脑胶质瘤病的MRI及MRS研究(英文)

目的回顾性分析大脑胶质瘤病磁共振成像(MRI)及磁共振波谱(MRS)特点,以探讨其对本病诊断的临床价值。方法综合7例患者的临床表现、影像学特点及病理诊断,均符合大脑胶质瘤病诊断标准。常规行 SE 序列平扫及增强。其中3例行 MRS 研究,二维多体素、点分辨法(PRESS)、TE 144ms。结果所有病例均侵犯2个脑叶或以上。病变区呈长 T_2、稍长 T_1异常信号,受累区脑组织肿胀,占位效应轻。增强扫描3例见小结节或片状强化,4例无明显强化。3例 MRS 表现均有不同程度 NAA 降低,Cho 上升,Cho/Cr 和 Cho/NAA 的比值上升。结论 MRI 是目前诊断大脑胶质瘤病的首选影像学方法,MRS 对于鉴别诊断有较大价值。     

大脑胶质瘤病的MRI及MRS研究

目的回顾性分析大脑胶质瘤病磁共振成像(MRI)及磁共振波谱(MRS)特点,以探讨其对本病诊断的临床价值。方法综合7例患者的临床表现、影像学特点及病理诊断,均符合大脑胶质瘤病诊断标准。常规行SE序列平扫及增强。其中3例行MRS研究,二维多体素、点分辨法(PRESS)、TE144ms。结果所有病例均侵犯2个脑叶或以上。病变区呈长T2、稍长T1异常信号,受累区脑组织肿胀,占位效应轻。增强扫描3例见小结节或片状强化,4例无明显强化。3例MRS表现均有不同程度NAA降低,Cho上升,Cho/Cr和Cho/NAA的比值上升。结论MRI是目前诊断大脑胶质瘤病的首选影像学方法,MRS对于鉴别诊断有较大价值。     

Value of magnetic resonance myelography in the diagnosis of disc herniation and spinal stenosis

Magnetic resonance imaging provides a good‐quality image over the entire length of the spine and can assess the morphology of the discs and cord. It is the imaging modality of choice in the investigation of spinal diseases. Magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) is non‐invasive, has comparable sensitivity to conventional myelography in visualizing lumbar nerve roots and allows overall assessment of the spinal canal even in the presence of cerebrospinal fluid block. Seventy‐two patients with pre‐surgical diagnosis of disc herniation were prospectively investigated prior to surgery to determine the value of MRM in the diagnosis of disc herniation and spinal stenosis. The difference between the sensitivity and accuracy of MRI (89.0–95.6%, 89.1–95.7%) and MRM (82.4–89.0%, 82.6–89.1%) was not significant for both observers. There was no significant improvement with the addition of MRM to MRI (91.2–97.8%, 91.3–97.8%). Although MRM did not significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI, it allowed a better overall view of the dural sac and root sleeves, therefore making it easier to diagnose spinal stenosis and disc herniation in a minority of cases.     

Detection of malignant bone marrow involvement with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in detecting bone marrow involvement in cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 50 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed malignant dissemination to the bone marrow, using dMRI of the lumbosacral spine. Time-signal intensity curves were generated from regions of interest (ROIs) obtained from areas of obvious bone marrow disease (group B). In 16 patients from group B with focal disease, ROIs were also placed on areas with apparently normal bone marrow on static magnetic resonance images (group C). Twenty-two patients with no history of malignancy were used as a control group (group A). Wash-in (WIN) and wash-out (WOUT) rates, time to peak (TTPK), time to maximum slope (TMSP) values and WIN/TMSP ratios were calculated for each patient. Mean values for the three groups were compared statistically. Six patients from group B had follow-up dMRI after chemotherapy: four patients achieved a clinical partial response and two had resistant disease. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between groups A and B for all values. Between groups A and C, in spite of the similar static MRI appearance, all values were significantly different. Between groups B and C, a significant difference was found for WIN, WOUT rates and WIN/TMSP ratio. Follow-up dMRI data analysis correlated well with clinical staging. CONCLUSIONS: dMRI can distinguish normal from malignant bone marrow. It may identify malignant bone marrow infiltration in patients with negative static MRI and serve as both a diagnostic and prognostic tool for patients with bone marrow malignancies.     

肺癌DW-MRI临床应用研究进展

目的：总结国内外关于磁共振弥散加权成像在肺癌中的研究进展。方法：应用PubMed和CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以“肺肿瘤、磁共振成像、DwI”为关键词,检索2007-01-2013-05的相关文献,共检索到英文文献103篇,中文文献304篇。纳入标准：1）磁共振弥散加权成像对肺癌的诊断价值;2）磁共振弥散加权成像对转移淋巴结的诊断价值;3）磁共振弥散加权成像对肺癌疗效监测的价值。根据纳入标准,符合分析文献29篇。结果：磁共振弥散加权成像能够区分肺部肿瘤的良恶性,其敏感性、特异性与18F-FDGPET相当,并能够依据表观弥散系数（apparentdiffusioncoeffi-cient,ADC）值及信号强度对肿瘤的病理类型进行初步鉴别。转移性淋巴结的ADC值较低,DwI在发现微小淋巴结转移方面,准确性和敏感性均比PET-CT高。ADC值可以早期评价肺癌放化疗及射频消融疗效,特异性和敏感性均优于PET-CT。结论：DW-MRI能明确诊断肺部肿瘤,并能早期评价肺癌疗效,可以成为新的肺癌诊疗手段。