激光及强光脱毛疗效相关因素探讨

多毛是一个常见的美容问题,传统非光源脱毛方法仅能暂时性的脱除毛发且耐受性差。近年来,以"选择性光热作用原理"及"扩展的选择性光热作用原理"为基础的激光脱毛技术成为主流。该文综述了目前常见的以不同波长为基础的激光及强光脱毛方法,及影响脱毛疗效的相关因素如治疗时的能量密度、脉宽、脱毛次数及治疗间隔、备皮、术后护理、不良反应的处理。     

长脉冲翠绿宝石激光治疗141例多毛症的疗效观察

依据选择性光热作用原理，各种激光广泛应用于多余毛发的脱除治疗，我院于2002年应用美国生产的激光治疗仪治疗141例多毛患者，取得良好疗效。     

局灶性光热作用理论

局灶性光热作用原理是近年来提出的一个新的激光治疗原理,基于该原理的点阵激光开始在临床应用于皮肤松弛、皱纹及痤疮斑痕,本文介绍了局灶性光热作用原理以及在临床上的应用情况。     

CO_2磨皮激光治疗皱纹的比较

利用激光进行皮肤磨削,包括治疗皱纹和痤疮瘢痕已被广泛地接受。大多数是采用CO_2磨皮激光,根据选择性光热作用的原理,激光在不超过1毫秒的时间内对治疗的皮肤释放出超过5J的能量,在这种能量下,组织被汽化但不     

点阵激光治疗黄褐斑进展

点阵激光是皮肤激光美容领域的一种新技术,近年来在黄褐斑的治疗中显示出良好的前景.点阵激光的作用原理是局灶性光热作用,是选择性光热作用的一个重要拓展和延伸.点阵激光可分为非剥脱性点阵激光和剥脱性点阵激光,对黄褐斑有一定的疗效,改善程度不一,有的甚至加重,其疗效与治疗参数的选择、皮肤类型、术后护理、黄褐斑类型等有关.不良反应主要为短暂性红斑、水肿、灼热和疼痛感等,患者可耐受,但炎症后色素沉着发生率相对较高.     

Q-开关金绿宝石激光治疗太田痣

波长755nm,脉冲100ns的Q-开关金绿宝石激光(alexandrite laser)能选择性地作用于皮肤色素细胞,故可用于治疗真皮的色素性损害和纹身。太田痣是一种良性的真皮黑素细胞损害,由于它面积大,位于眼周,因而对其治疗甚为困难。利用选择性光热分离原理使金绿宝石激光对太田痣有优良的治疗效果。     

点阵激光治疗技术的发展和应用概述

1983年现代国际皮肤激光理论和实践的重要奠基人之一,美国哈佛大学威尔曼光医学中心主任Rox Anderson教授与Jhon Parish 提出了"选择性光热分解原理",由此开创了Q开关激光治疗色素性疾病和闪灯泵浦脉冲燃料激光FPDL治疗血管性病灶及激光脱毛的新领域.     

点阵CO2激光对Ⅳ、Ⅴ型皮肤低色素沉着的风险治疗

炎症后色素沉着是剥脱性激光换肤治疗术后常见副作用.37%深肤色患者在CO2激光冶疗后会出现暂时性色素沉着.炎症后色素沉着与剥脱性CO2激光的愈合时间较长有关,剥脱性激光和非剥脱性激光均采用脉冲方式发射能量,且都遵从选择性光热作用原理,激光诱导的热能主要集中于靶组织而对周边组织的热损伤极小.     

难治性鲜红斑痣的治疗进展

鲜红斑痣（PWS）是一种常见的先天血管畸形,随着患者的年龄增长,颜色逐渐加深,皮损增厚甚至形成结节。脉冲染料激光（PDL）利用选择性光热作用原理治疗PWS,是临床治疗的标准方法。然而,对于部分难治性PWS,单纯PDL治疗很难达到理想的效果,甚至根本没有作用。针对其现状,本文对增厚及结节形成的这类难治性PWS的多种治疗方法进行了概述,为临床治疗提供一些参考依据。     

调Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗色素性皮肤病403例

自20世纪50年代激光应用于医学，皮肤病的治疗大为改观，尤其是脉冲激光的出观，更进一步扩大了激光的治疗范围，使皮肤科疾病治疗及医疗美容取得了突破性进展。根据“选择性光热作用”原理设计的调Q开关Nd：YAG激光治疗仪，由于能选择性的破坏表皮、真皮色素而不损伤其他组织，疗效好、副作用小、安全性高，甚至可以安全地应用于婴幼儿。1999年8月～2003年10月我们采用MONALIZA—IIIA激光系统治疗403例色素性皮肤病患者，现报告如下：     

Epidemiology and control and curable sexually transmitted diseases: opportunities and problems

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of safe and effective treatment, infection with bacterial sexually transmitted diseases persists at a high prevalence in many populations. GOAL: To review the difficulties of parameter estimation when a cure is readily available and to explore the impact of different treatment and screening strategies that might maximize the benefits of using available treatments. STUDY DESIGN: A standard deterministic model for the spread of a bacterial sexually transmitted disease that causes symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, in which the population is stratified according to sex and sexual activity, is further stratified into two host groups to enable the modeling of different treatment and screening strategies. RESULTS: In the presence of a core group, if an infection has a high transmission probability, then screening for asymptomatic infections has a short-lived benefit. Repeated screening is slightly better if it is not restricted to a fraction of the at-risk population, but targeting of high-risk groups should be effective. Screening to treat asymptomatic infections in men could be beneficial if a substantial fraction of cases remain asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: After the initial gains achieved through treating symptomatic infections, further reductions in the prevalence of infections can be achieved by finding asymptomatic infections. However, these gains are difficult to achieve, especially in the case of gonorrhea. Because men are likely to have an asymptomatic chlamydial infection, screening of men for chlamydia should be worthwhile.     

Understanding and Evaluating Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses

A systematic review is a summary of existing evidence that answers a specific clinical question, contains a thorough, unbiased search of the relevant literature, explicit criteria for assessing studies and structured presentation of the results. A systematic review that incorporates quantitative pooling of similar studies to produce an overall summary of treatment effects is a meta-analysis. A systematic review should have clear, focused clinical objectives containing four elements expressed through the acronym PICO (Patient, group of patients, or problem, an Intervention, a Comparison intervention and specific Outcomes). Explicit and thorough search of the literature is a pre-requisite of any good systematic review. Reviews should have pre-defined explicit criteria for what studies would be included and the analysis should include only those studies that fit the inclusion criteria. The quality (risk of bias) of the primary studies should be critically appraised. Particularly the role of publication and language bias should be acknowledged and addressed by the review, whenever possible. Structured reporting of the results with quantitative pooling of the data must be attempted, whenever appropriate. The review should include interpretation of the data, including implications for clinical practice and further research. Overall, the current quality of reporting of systematic reviews remains highly variable.